Deck 6: Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval

Question 1

When memorizing a list of words, you are most likely to demonstrate _____ if you are tested on the list the next day.

A) forgetting
B) the primacy effect
C) the recency effect
D) strongest recall for the middle of the list

Answer 1

the primacy effect

Question 2

The primacy effect depends on _____ as the recency effect depends on _____.

A) Working memory; long-term memory
B) Short-term memory; working memory
C) Working memory; short-term memory
D) Long-term memory; short-term memory

Answer 2

Long-term memory; short-term memory

Question 3

While studying for a psychology exam, you devise a poem about Piaget's stages of development to help you remember. This is an example of _____.

A) Shallow processing
B) Deep processing
C) Spacing effects
D) Storage

Answer 3

Deep processing

Question 4

The beginning of a word list is to _____ as the end of a word list is to _____.

A) The initiation effect; the termination effect
B) The primacy effect; the recency effect
C) The termination effect; the initiation effect
D) The recency effect; the primacy effect

Question 5

_____ is a natural process that occurs when information is unable to be retrieved from memory.

A) Cognition
B) Remembering
C) Forgetting
D) Storage

Question 6

Matching the circumstances of encoding and retrieval aids memory, and is known as _____?

A) The primacy effect
B) The recency effect
C) The tesing effect
D) The encoding specificity principle

Question 7

Processing the meaning of information is known as _____.

A) effortful processing
B) elaborative encoding
C) iconic processing
D) encoding

Question 8

Jason conducts an experiment in which his participants are asked to study a list of 30 words. He finds that participants tend to recall the beginning of the list rather than the middle or end of the list. Which effect is he NOT showing support for?

A) recency
B) primacy
C) termination
D) initiation

Question 9

Research has shown that the best way to study is _____.

A) All at once, the night before the exam
B) A little at a time, over several weeks
C) Highlighting notes in the text
D) Highlighting notes in the text and studying the night before

Question 10

One reason why spacing your studying out is best is because _____.

A) You won't get tired
B) You are increasing the number of retrieval cues
C) You won't be bored with studying
D) You won't have to go to class as often

Question 11

The more _____ encoding processes are, the better we remember.

A) time-consuming
B) simple
C) elaborate
D) effortful

Question 12

_____ is a neural process by which memories are strengthened and more permanently stored in the brain

A) Interference
B) Encoding
C) Consolidation
D) Memorization

Question 13

Recent research has shown that taking practice quizzes is the most effective way to improve later retrieval because it provides retrieval practice. This effect is known as _____?

A) The primacy effect
B) The recency effect
C) The serial position effect
D) The testing effect

Question 14

_____ is to questions about typeface as _____ is to questions about sentence completion.

A) Deep processing; shallow processing
B) Iconic processing; echoic processing
C) Shallow processing; deep processing
D) Echoic processing; iconic processing

Question 15

_____ seems to be important in aiding the consolidation process.

A) Sleep
B) Taking breaks
C) Cramming
D) Storage

Question 16

Of the three main processes of memory - encoding, storage, and retrieval - _____ and _____ are the processes most under our control.

A) Encoding; retrieval
B) Storage; retrieval
C) Encoding; storage

Question 17

Jodie insists on getting to class 2 hours before an exam so she has plenty of time to review her notes in the same classroom where she both learned the information and will be taking the exam. She must support _____.

A) The spacing effect
B) The testing effect
C) The recency effect
D) Environmental context effects

Question 18

You are presented with the following questions:
1) Is KITTEN in all capital letters?
2) Does KITTEN rhyme with MOOSE?
3) Is KITTEN a type of animal?
Which would you most likely remember?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3

Question 19

During college, you took several semesters of a foreign language. According to Ebbinghaus, you would _____ a lot of information early on, but then the rate of loss _____ as the length of time _____.

A) Forget; slows; increases
B) Remember; slows; increases
C) Forget; increases; increases
D) Remember; increases; increases

Question 20

When memorizing a list of words, you are most likely to demonstrate _____ if you are tested on the list immediately.

A) forgetting
B) the primacy effect
C) the recency effect
D) strongest recall for the middle of the list

Question 21

Interference occurs when other information prevents the retrieval of the target information.

Question 22

In order to study brain areas associated with memory, Thomas devises a poem that involves memories from his own life. This is an example of _____.

A) The testing effect
B) Mnemonics
C) The method of loci
D) Biographical memory

Question 23

Your textbook describes how memory champions devise a(n) _____ to help them remember and navigate through a lot of information.

A) Memory palace
B) Memory plan
C) Outline
D) Study guide

Question 24

Sleeping between the study and test of information you want to remember will not help you retrieve that information from long-term memory.

Question 25

Of the three main processes of memory - encoding, storage, and retrieval - storage and retrieval are the processes most under our control.

Question 26

Your memory for everything you did yesterday is evidence of _____.

A) The recency effect
B) Autobiographical memory
C) Biographical memory
D) Mood-dependent learning

Question 27

Your textbook describes the case of AJ, who claimed to be able to report what occurred on any date past 1980. The researchers tested AJ and found that she had a superior _____.

A) Temporal lobe
B) Autobiographical memory
C) Sensory cortex
D) Recency effect

Question 28

Dr. Johnson suspects that a patient he has recently seen may have a brain tumor. Which technique would be the best option for him to use in terms of confirming this suspicion?

A) Magnetic resonance imaging
B) Positron Emission Tomography
C) Transcranial magnetic stimulation
D) Electroencephalography

Question 29

The more active and effortful encoding processes are, the better we remember.

Question 30

Joseph was very anxious when taking his GRE exam, although he was not anxious while studying for it. According to the idea of _____, he will not do well on the GRE exam.

A) Mood-dependent effects
B) Environmental context effects
C) The testing effect
D) The recency effect

Question 31

A lot of information is forgotten very quickly after study, but then the rate of loss slows as the length of time since study increases.

Question 32

_____ are memory techniques that have been used by humans for thousands of years to remember information.

A) Mnemonics
B) Retrieval effects
C) Serial position curves
D) Languages

Question 33

In _____, both encoding and retrieval together influence memory performance.

A) Depth-of-processing effects
B) Environmental-dependent effects
C) Mood-dependent effects
D) Transfer-appropriate processing

Question 34

The idea that the human mind tends to notice unusual[ok?] things is known as _____.

A) The bizarreness effect
B) The strangeness effect
C) The recency effect
D) The primal effect

Question 35

While studying for the GRE, you decide to take a practice exam. This is an example of _____.

A) Transfer-appropriate processing
B) Environmental context effects
C) Mood-dependent effects
D) The primacy effect

Question 36

Jane spends 30 minutes a day for a month studying for her psychology final, whereas Anthony spends 6 hours the day before the exam studying. Anthony is more likely to do better than Jane on the exam.

Question 37

The more shallow the level of processing, the easier it is to remember it.

Question 38

If given a list of words, people are more likely to remember the middle of the list rather than the beginning or the end.

Question 39

Patient H. M. lost the ability to form new memories, but his long-term memory remained intact.

Question 40

Lack of consolidation is a proposed way that we forget information.

Question 41

Discuss the "Levels of Processing" theory of memory storage and retrieval. Provide and explain several examples.

Question 42

Discuss the serial position curve and why it is relevant to everyday living. Give examples.

Question 43

Highlighting concepts in your textbook is the best way to study for an exam.

Question 44

People who are depressed are more likely to remember sad memories.

Question 45

Discuss the hypotheses presented about the[ok or other wording?] reasons we forget information. Provide examples.