Deck 24: Diseases of the Nervous System

Question 1

The central nervous system includes all of the following except:

A)brain
B)spinal cord
C)nerves that reach the tissues in limbs
D)microglial cells

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Polyomavirus particles can be observed in the _____ cells of the nervous system.

A)microglial
B)oligodendrocyte
C)sensory neuron
D)association neuron

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a complication of _____.

A)Fungal meningitis
B)Streptococcus meningitis
C)viral meningitis
D)meningococcal meningitis

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Hib vaccine is limited to:

A)Haemophilus meningitis
B)Haemophilus encephalitis
C)the number of cases of mental retardation
D)two of these choices

Question 5

________ can be especially dangerous to pregnant women causing abortion,stillbirth,or neonatal death.

A)Meningococcal meningitis
B)Listeriosis
C)Streptococcal meningitis
D)Haemophilus meningitis

Question 6

Which term refers to aggregates of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system?

A)ganglia
B)microglial cells
C)blood-brain barrier
D)meninges

Question 7

Acute meningitis is consistent with all of the following except:

A)organisms could be endogenous
B)organisms can spread from pneumonia
C)symptoms are insidious, occurring over a period of weeks
D)organisms spread from otitis media

Question 8

Treatment for tubercular meningitis includes:

A)isoniazid
B)penicillin
C)tetracycline
D)amphotericin B

Question 9

Which of the following viral encephalitis infections is not caused by a togavirus?

A)Eastern equine encephalitis
B)St. Louis encephalitis
C)Western equine encephalitis
D)Venezuelan equine encephalitis

Question 10

A foodborne pathogen that can cause meningitis is _____.

A)Streptococcus pneumoniae
B)Staphylococcus epidermidis
C)Listeria monocytogenes
D)Neisseria meningitidis

Question 11

Herpes meningoencephalitis usually follows _____.

A)a bacterial infection of the respiratory tract
B)a generalized herpes infection
C)a fever blister outbreak
D)an outbreak of genital herpes

Question 12

The most common domestic rabid animals in the United States today are _____.

A)dogs
B)ferrets
C)cats
D)bats

Question 13

Acanthamoeba polyphaga can accumulate on the surface of water in hot tubs. Upon infection,they cause:

A)eye ulcerations
B)skin ulcerations
C)meningoencephalitis
D)all of these choices

Question 14

Which of the following terms refers to special thick-walled capillaries without pores in their walls?

A)ganglia
B)meninges
C)blood-brain barrier
D)two of these choices

Question 15

All of the following statements about rabies are true except:

A)to transmit the virus, the animal must be shedding the virus in the saliva.
B)rabies progresses rapidly to the brain by the flow of cytoplasm through axons.
C)incubation time is proportional to the distance between the bite wound and the brain.
D)symptoms include hydrophobia, aerophobia, confusion, and hallucination.

Question 16

The most common cause of meningitis in adults is:

A)Neisseria meningitidis
B)Haemophilus influenzae type B
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae
D)Listeria monocytogenes

Question 17

Which of the following is a cellular component of the immune system that protects the brain?

A)ganglia
B)microglial cells
C)blood-brain barrier
D)meninges

Question 18

The most sensitive method for detecting rabies is _____.

A)finding Negri bodies in brain cells
B)finding anti-rabies antibodies in the serum
C)finding the symptoms of disease
D)immunofluorescent antibody test

Question 19

While over 90% of populations that live in closed environments (such as military bases,dormitories and day-care centers are carriers)only 1 of 1000 carriers will have meningitis. This statement refers to _____.

A)Neisseria meningitidis
B)Haemophilus influenzae type B
C)Streptococcus pneumoniae
D)Haemophilus influenzae type F

Question 20

Which of the following is not a viral or bacterial cause of meningitis?

A)Naegleria fowleri
B)Haemophilus influenzae type F
C)Treponema pallidum
D)Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 21

Clostridium botulinum is characterized by all of the following except:

A)preformed toxin in food prevents release of acetylcholine
B)progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
C)paralysis and death results if not treated promptly
D)in wounds endospores germinate and produce toxin

Question 22

Tetanus neonatorum is:

A)due to tetanus acquired through the birth canal
B)an infection of the umbilical cord
C)a muscle spasm that has nothing to do with Clostridium
D)an infection from Clostridium in contaminated breast milk

Question 23

All of the following statements about the nodular form of Hansen's disease are true EXCEPT:

A)incubation time averages 2 - 5 years
B)the bacteria has a predilection for cooler parts of the human body.
C)severe lepromatous disease erodes bone
D)surgery can restore the use of extremely crippled hands and feet

Question 24

One problem with treating Hansen's disease is _____.

A)antibiotics are not effective against the Mycobacterium
B)dapsone-resistant strains are beginning to appear
C)the organism is growing too rapidly for the antibiotic to work
D)the bacteria survive inside the microglial cells

Question 25

Health care workers should watch for undiagnosed Hansen's disease among _____.

A)farmers
B)urban dwellers
C)veterinarians
D)immigrants

Question 26

Mycobacterium leprae is difficult to cultivate but it can be grown _____.

A)on blood agar
B)in armadillos
C)in tissue culture
D)in embryonated eggs

Question 27

Tetanus is treated by _____.

A)antibiotic therapy
B)antiviral therapy
C)antitoxin therapy
D)two of these choices

Question 28

Which of the following refers to the clinical form of leprosy that causes a loss of skin pigment and sensation?

A)granulomatous
B)lepromatous
C)tuberculoid
D)two of these choices

Question 29

Hansen's disease is diagnosed by _____.

A)PCR
B)finding antibodies in the serum
C)lepromin skin test
D)two of these choices

Question 30

Clostridium tetani can be characterized by all of the following except:

A)Gram-positive spore former
B)resistant to drying, disinfection, and heat
C)endospores are killed by boiling for 20 minutes
D)common to soil and human intestines

Question 31

_______ is the only bacterial species known to destroy peripheral nerve cells.

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Herpes simplex I
C)Clostridium tetani
D)Mycobacterium leprae

Question 32

Which of the following is responsible for Chagas' disease?

A)Mycobacterium leprae
B)Clostridium tetani
C)Trypanosoma cruzi
D)Poliovirus

Question 33

All of the following are symptoms of poliovirus except:

A)muscle spasms
B)heart damage
C)partial or complete flaccid paralysis
D)destruction of motor neurons

Question 34

Humans are naturally protected against nagana,a tsetse-fly-bourne cattle disease. What has been found to serve the protective role?

A)Serum
B)High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
C)Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
D)Iron

Question 35

Botulism includes _____.

A)food poisoning
B)infant botulism
C)wound botulism
D)all of these choices

Question 36

African sleeping sickness is caused by _____.

A)Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
B)Yersinia pestis
C)Trypanosoma cruzi
D)prions

Question 37

All of the following are associated with prions except:

A)Chagas' disease
B)Kuru
C)Scrapie
D)Mad cow disease

Question 38

All of the following statements refer to mad cow disease except

A)it is caused by an infectious protein
B)its transmission to humans can be prevented by banning the addition of beef brain tissue to hamburger
C)it only occurs in Britain
D)it causes disease in both humans and animals

Question 39

Botulism toxin is characterized by all of the following except:

A)most potent toxin known
B)released upon autolysis of cells
C)boiling will not inactivate the toxin
D)activated by proteolytic enzymes

Question 40

Tetanus is most common in _____.

A)newborns
B)adolescents
C)young adult athletes
D)older women

Question 41

Which of the following statements is incorrect about JC virus?

A)Antibodies are seen by age 14.
B)Disease may be a reactivation of a latent viral infection.
C)Leads to flaccid paralysis of respiratory muscles.
D)JC is responsible for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Question 42

This organism can exist in the spore form and cause tetanus.

A)Mycobacterium leprae
B)Clostridium tetani
C)Clostridium difficile
D)Clostridium botulinum

Question 43

Which of the following is an emerging viral encephalitis that has recently spread across the United States?

A)JC virus
B)rabies
C)mad cow disease
D)West Nile arbovirus

Question 44

How is African sleeping sickness transmitted?

A)by the reduvid bugs also known as kissing bugs
B)from mosquito species
C)via the bite of the tsetse fly
D)to cattle from other livestock

Question 45

A college freshman presents to student health services with a pounding headache,fever,neck rigidity and nausea. The cerebrospinal fluid is purulent with numerous white blood cells and a culture reveals Neisseria meningitidis. What are the possible complications? What makes college students at risk? How can it be prevented?

Question 46

What are all the animals that can get rabies? Which animals can transmit to humans and what determines human transmission ability? How should one treat an animal bite?

Question 47

All of the following are true about brain abscesses except:

A)microbes may reach brain from head wounds or via blood
B)they may be treated either with antibiotics or surgical removal
C)may occur in Hansen's disease
D)they can be detected by CAT scan

Question 48

Prions infectivity:

A)can be destroyed by autoclaving for 1 hour
B)is reduced after formaldehyde treatment
C)can be retained in buried brains left for 3 years in soil
D)two of these choices

Question 49

Which one of the following is not a neutrotropic viral disease?

A)West Nile fever
B)Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
C)Polio
D)Rabies

Question 50

These individuals have:

A)rabies
B)West Nile Fever
C)tetanus
D)polio
E)Hansen's disease

Question 51

Which is not a form of encephalitis?

A)Eastern equine
B)St. Louis
C)JC
D)Venezuelan equine

Question 52

What do kuru,scrapie and Creutzfeldt Jakob disease all have in common?

A)all are transmitted by arthropod vectors
B)same vaccine protects against all of them
C)caused by prions
D)two of these choices

Question 53

Who is affected by the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy called chronic wasting disease?

A)sheep and cattle
B)elk and deer
C)women in Papua New Guinea
D)Alzheimer's patients

Question 54

Which of the following statements about brain infections is false?

A)Equine encephalitis infects horses more than humans.
B)Rabies can be transmitted by infected raccoons.
C)Poliovirus often causes no symptoms and goes undetected in small children.
D)Viral meningitis is usually self-limiting and nonfatal.

Question 55

What are the two vaccines developed to prevent polio? Which vaccine would be recommended for an immunocompromised child? How about in an area that is difficult to get to and where vaccine coverage is poor? Why are there still cases of polio in the United States if vaccine coverage is excellent?

Question 56

The rabies virus enters the body through _____.

A)a skin wound
B)a mosquito bite
C)the placenta
D)the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts