Deck 20: The Reproductive System

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct order in which the glands add seminal fluid to migrating sperm cells in the male reproductive tract?

A)bulbourethral glands, prostate, seminal vesicles
B)bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles, prostate
C)prostate, bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles
D)prostate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands
E)seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following hormones is responsible for the development and maintenance of the secondary sexual characteristics?

A)testosterone
B)estrogen
C)progesterone
D)Both a and b
E)All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is true statement about testosterone?

A)It is secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes.
B)It exerts a general protein catabolic effect.
C)It causes enlargement of the larynx and thickening of the vocal cords.
D)Both a and c
E)All of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following secretes male sex hormone?

A)seminal vesicles
B)prostate gland
C)Sertoli cells
D)bulbourethral glands
E)interstitial cells

Question 5

Which of the following is not associated with sex determination and differentiation in a male?

A)Degeneration of Wolffian ducts
B)Differentiation of indifferent gonadal tissue into testes under the influence of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome
C)Production of H-Y antigen
D)Secretion of Müllerian inhibiting factor
E)Secretion of testosterone

Question 6

The primary reproductive organs in the male include the

A)testes
B)prostate gland
C)seminal vesicles
D)bulbourethral glands
E)all of these

Question 7

The ________ serves as a common passageway for two tracts in the male.

A)anterior pituitary
B)ductus deferens
C)ejaculatory duct
D)ureter
E)urethra

Question 8

The testes location outside of the abdominal cavity in the scrotal sac

A)permits spermatogenesis
B)protects the gonads against injury
C)permits testosterone secretion
D)maintains them at a higher than normal body temperature for normal testicular function
E)permits capacitation of sperm

Question 9

Which statement is incorrect?

A)The Y chromosome stimulates production of SRY protein by primitive gonadal cells.
B)Ovaries must be present for feminization of the reproductive tract and external genitalia to occur.
C)H-Y antigen directs differentiation of the primitive gonads into testes.
D)Secretion of testosterone and Müllerian inhibiting factor by the fetal testes induces development of the reproductive tract and external genitalia along male lines.
E)Early in development, embryos of both sexes have the same indifferent reproductive tissues capable of differentiating into either a male or female reproductive system depending respectively on the presence or absence of masculinizing factors.

Question 10

What is true about Wolffian ducts?

A)They do not degenerate in females.
B)They develop into a male reproductive tract under the influence of testosterone.
C)They develop into male external genitalia under the influence of dihydrotestosterone.
D)Both a and b
E)Both a and c

Question 11

Which statement is correct?

A)An XY combination of sex chromosomes is a genetic male.
B)The secretion of testosterone by the fetal gonads induces the development of male external genitalia and reproductive tract.
C)The secretion of estrogen by the fetal gonads induces the development of female external genitalia and reproductive tract.
D)Both a and b
E)All of the above

Question 12

The embryonic genital tubercle develops into the ____ in males and the ____ in females.

A)scrotum; labia majora
B)glans penis; clitoris
C)penis; labia minora
D)Wolffian ducts; Müllerian ducts
E)penis; vagina

Question 13

Testosterone

A)is responsible for the male secondary sexual characteristics
B)stimulates spermatogenesis
C)acts in negative-feedback fashion on the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
D)secretion is stimulated by LH
E)has all of the above characteristics

Question 14

________ is not attributed to testosterone.

A)Masculinization of the developing reproductive tract and external genitalia
B)Descent of the testes into the scrotum
C)Spermatid remodeling
D)Development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics
E)Libido

Question 15

The gonads

A)consist of a pair of testes in males and ovaries in females
B)produce gametes and secrete sex hormones
C)refer to the externally visible genitalia in both sexes
D)have all of the above characteristics
E)have only characteristics a and b

Question 16

Sperm cells are stored for maturation in the

A)anterior pituitary
B)ductus deferens
C)epididymis
D)Leydig cells
E)urethra

Question 17

Which statement about testosterone is incorrect?

A)Its secretion is stimulated by LH.
B)It is secreted from the seminiferous tubules.
C)It stimulates spermatogenesis.
D)Its conversion to estrogen promotes closure of the epiphyseal plate.
E)It stimulates protein synthesis and promotes bone growth.

Question 18

Production of _______ is not a function of the primary sex organs.

A)estrogen
B)testosterone
C)progesterone
D)seminal fluid
E)gametes

Question 19

Which of the following is a female accessory sex organ?

A)bulbourethral gland
B)clitoris
C)prostate gland
D)seminal vesicle
E)ovary

Question 20

What is responsible for differentiating the embryonic gonads into testes?

A)Sex-determining region of the X chromosome
B)Sex-determining region of the Y chromosome
C)Autosomal chromosomes
D)Male gonadal-determining factor
E)Sertoli cells

Question 21

A secondary spermatocyte is ______ with _______ chromosomes.

A)haploid, nonreplicated
B)haploid, replicated
C)diploid, nonreplicated
D)diploid, replicated.
E)none of the above

Question 22

Spermatogenesis

A)occurs in the epididymis
B)begins with a spermatozoan
C)is controlled by both testosterone and FSH
D)has all of the above characteristics
E)has none of the above characteristics

Question 23

Select the structure with the diploid chromosome number.

A)primary spermatocyte
B)secondary oocyte
C)secondary spermatocyte
D)spermatid
E)spermatozoan

Question 24

During spermatogenesis, one spermatogonium containing _____ chromosomes yields ____ spermatozoa, each containing _____ chromosomes.

A)46, 16, 23
B)46, 2. 23
C)46, 4, 23
D)46, 2, 46
E)23, 4, 23

Question 25

Sertoli cells do not

A)provide a blood-testes barrier
B)phagocytize cytoplasm extruded from sperm during their development
C)secrete testosterone
D)secrete androgen-binding protein
E)nourish developing sperm

Question 26

The prostate gland

A)secretes prostaglandins
B)supplies fructose, which is utilized by the sperm for energy production
C)secretes an alkaline medium that is important to neutralize acidic vaginal secretions
D)does both a and c
E)does all of the above

Question 27

GnRH

A)stimulates both FSH and LH secretion
B)is inhibited by testosterone
C)has low-level activity during the prepubertal period
D)both stimulates FSH and LH secretion and is inhibited by testosterone
E)has all of the above characteristics

Question 28

Spermatogenesis is directly controlled by

A)LH
B)FSH
C)prostaglandins
D)both a and c
E)both b and c

Question 29

Which female structure has a similar tissue composition as the penis?

A)cervical canal
B)clitoris
C)fallopian tube
D)labia majora
E)myometrium

Question 30

Prostaglandins

A)are produced by most body tissues
B)are derivatives of arachidonic acid
C)act locally within or near their site of production
D)promote sperm transport by stimulating smooth muscle contractions
E)have all of the above characteristics

Question 31

The prostate gland

A)secretes an alkaline solution that neutralizes the acidic vaginal secretions
B)secretes mucus for lubrication
C)provides a site for final maturation for fertility and motility for the spermatozoa
D)contains portions of the ductus deferens
E)supplies fructose utilized by the sperm for energy

Question 32

During spermatogenesis, ________ is required for ________.

A)FSH; spermatid remodeling
B)LH; spermatid remodeling
C)testosterone; for both mitosis and meiosis in the germ cells
D)Both a and c
E) Both b and c.

Question 33

The acrosome of the spermatozoon

A)contains the sperm's genetic information
B)contains mitochondria for energy production
C)is a fructose-filled vesicle that provides energy for the spermatozoa
D)contains enzymes that enable the sperm to penetrate the ovum
E)contains microtubules that slide past each other to provide the sperm with motility

Question 34

During spermatogenesis, the first meiotic division yields two ____, and the second meiotic division yields four ____.

A)primary spermatocytes; secondary spermatocytes
B)secondary spermatocytes; spermatids
C)spermatids; spermatozoa
D)spermatogonia; primary spermatocytes
E)spermatogonia; secondary spermatocytes

Question 35

In the male, the first structure the urethra passes through after leaving the urinary bladder is the

A)kidney
B)vas deferens
C)seminal vesicle
D)prostate gland
E)penis

Question 36

The seminal vesicles

A)store sperm prior to ejaculation
B)supply fructose to be utilized by the sperm for energy
C)secrete FSH
D)do both a and b
E)do none of the above

Question 37

Inhibin

A)is produced by the Leydig cells
B)is produced by the developing sperm cells
C)signals the interstitial cells
D)does both a and c
E)does none of the above

Question 38

Sertoli cells do not

A)secrete seminiferous tubule fluid
B)allow spermatogonia to perform meiosis
C)secrete melatonin
D)secrete inhibin
E)protect sperm cells

Question 39

Seminal vesicles do not

A)supply fructose, which serves as the primary energy source for ejaculated sperm
B)secrete prostaglandins
C)secrete fibrinogen
D)secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic vaginal secretions
E)provide more than half the seminal fluid

Question 40

A reduction in the secretion of ____ may serve as the trigger for the onset of puberty.

A)inhibin
B)melatonin
C)adrenal androgens
D)gonadotropin-releasing hormone
E)pituitary gonadotropic hormones

Question 41

Which of the following is the proper sequence of phases in the sexual response cycle?

A)plateau, excitement, orgasmic, resolution
B)excitement, plateau, orgasmic, resolution
C)plateau, orgasmic, excitement, resolution
D)resolution, plateau, orgasmic, excitement
E)excitement, orgasmic, resolution, plateau

Question 42

Which layer of the uterus is shed each month with menstruation?

A)endometrium
B)myometrium
C)perimetrium
D)mucous
E)None of the above

Question 43

One primary spermatocyte containing ____ chromosomes yields ____ spermatozoa containing ____ chromosomes, whereas one primary oocyte containing ____ chromosomes yields ____ ova (ovum) containing ____ chromosomes.

A)46; 2; 23; 46; 2; 23
B)46; 4; 23; 46; 1; 23
C)46; 4; 23; 46; 4; 23
D)23; 1; 23; 23; 1; 23
E)None of the above correctly fill in the blanks.

Question 44

Which statement is incorrect?

A)One primary spermatocyte or one primary oocyte containing 46 chromosomes respectively yields two spermatozoa or two ova, each containing 23 chromosomes.
B)There is a continual supply of spermatogonia through mitotic activity.
C)The first meiotic division involved in oogenesis is completed just prior to ovulation.
D)It may take about 11 to 50 years for the process of oogenesis to be completed.
E)During oogenesis, there is unequal distribution of cytoplasm resulting in the production of polar bodies that disintegrate.

Question 45

FSH is

A)a pituitary hormone that stimulates antrum formation in developing ovarian follicles
B)produced by developing ovarian follicles
C)sometimes referred to as PRL in males
D)both a and c
E)both b and c

Question 46

The number of primary oocytes in a female is

A)decreased continually throughout her reproductive life from puberty to menopause
B)maintained constant during her reproductive life because those that are lost are continuously replaced by an equal number of new primary oocytes
C)increased at the time of menopause
D)both a and c
E)both b and c

Question 47

Ovulation occurs in response to high concentrations of ____ secreted into the blood.

A)estrogen
B)FSH
C)LH
D)progesterone
E)prostaglandins

Question 48

GnRH is secreted from the ____ and stimulates ____ secretion.

A)hypothalamus; FSH
B)anterior pituitary; ADH
C)posterior pituitary; FSH
D)posterior pituitary; LH
E)testis; testosterone

Question 49

Choose the correct statement(s).

A)The first meiotic division occurs just prior to ovulation, and the second meiotic division is triggered by fertilization.
B)Oogenesis is triggered by release of LH.
C)Oogonia proliferate mitotically throughout the reproductive life of a female.
D)Both a and b
E)All of the above

Question 50

Prostaglandins

A)present in the semen are secreted by the prostate gland
B)are involved in sperm transport within both the male and female reproductive tracts
C)exert a powerful inhibitory effect on uterine musculature
D)are all derivatives of essential amino acids
E)exert influences only on the reproductive system

Question 51

Which of the following is not a component of the overall ejaculatory response?

A)Arterioles supplying the penis dilate, causing erection
B)Smooth muscles of the prostate, ducts, and seminal vesicles contract, causing emission.
C)The sphincter at the neck of the bladder tightly closes.
D)Semen is expelled from the penis by rapid contractions of skeletal muscles at the base of the penis.
E)Rhythmical contractions and accompanying systemic responses are associated with a pleasant sensation known as orgasm.

Question 52

An average human ejaculate contains about ____ sperm.

A)20-30 million
B)100-120 million
C)100-120 thousand
D)150-200 million
E)300-400 million

Question 53

Which is the correct sequence of structures sperm travels through prior to ejaculation?

A)ductus deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra
B)urethra, ductus deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct
C)epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
D)epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra, ejaculatory duct
E)ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, epididymis, urethra

Question 54

The corpus luteum

A)develops from the polar body after ovulation
B)develops from the fertilized ovum through a process of division and differentiation
C)develops from the ruptured follicle after ovulation
D)of pregnancy is stimulated by estrogen and progesterone secretion from the placenta
E)is sloughed off during menstruation if fertilization does not occur

Question 55

During oogenesis,

A)thousands of primary oocytes are formed
B)one primary oocyte yields 16 mature ova
C)one primary oocyte yields one mature ovum
D)each ovum contains 46 chromosomes at the time of ovulation
E)sex hormones reach their lowest levels

Question 56

Which of the following occurs in the female sexual response cycle?

A)Erection
B)Tightening of the outer third of the vagina
C)"Tenting" of the upper two-thirds of the vagina
D)Both b and c
E)All of the above

Question 57

An increase in the secretion of ____ initiates the beginning of the ovarian cycle.

A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)LH
D)FSH
E)prolactin

Question 58

The advantage of having polar bodies formed in oogenesis is

A)to produce four gametes, each with adequate amounts of nutrients
B)to produce one functional gamete with maximal nutrient content
C)to dispose of extra chromosomes
D)both a and b
E)both a and c

Question 59

Erection

A)involves dilation of the arterioles supplying the sponge-like vascular spaces of the penis
B)results from cGMP production induced by nitric oxide
C)occurs when the seminiferous tubules of the penis become engorged with sperm
D)occurs in response to sympathetic nervous stimulation of the penis
E)has both a and b characteristics

Question 60

LH is responsible for

A)reinitiating meiosis in the oocytes of developing follicles
B)halting estrogen synthesis by the follicular cells
C)triggering ovulation
D)formation of the corpus luteum
E)all of the above

Question 61

What is true about Implantation?

A)It normally occurs in the oviduct.
B)It occurs about three days after fertilization.
C)It occurs during the secretory, or progestational, phase.
D)Both b and c
E)All of the above

Question 62

What hormone(s) is/are secreted from the corpus luteum?

A)FSH
B)estrogen
C)progesterone
D)all of these
E)Both b and c

Question 63

__________ stimulates the endometrial glands to fill with glycogen and endometrial blood vessels to become more numerous.

A)Estrogen
B)Progesterone
C)FSH
D)LH
E)Chorionic gonadotropin

Question 64

Which of the following factors contributes to follicular development and estrogen secretion?

A)FSH
B)LH
C)estrogen.
D)All of the above
E)Only FSH and LH

Question 65

Fertilization is characterized by

A)a sperm's fertilin proteins binding to the follicle's integrin molecules
B)a block to polyspermy
C)multiple spermatozoa penetrating the ovum
D)blastocyst formation
E)both b and d

Question 66

Which of the following is the proper sequence of the menstrual (uterine) cycle?

A)menstrual phase, secretory phase, proliferative phase
B)menstrual phase, proliferative phase, secretory phase
C)proliferative phase, menstrual phase, progestational phase
D)menstrual phase, proliferative phase, progestational phase
E)proliferative phase, secretory phase, menstrual phase

Question 67

Which ovarian hormone is secreted during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A)FSH
B)estrogen
C)progesterone
D)LH
E)GnRH

Question 68

Which statement is correct?

A)Implantation is accomplished by enzymatic activity of the trophoblastic layer of the ovum.
B)The endometrium at the site of implantation is converted into the nutrient-rich decidua.
C)Implantation occurs within 24 hours after fertilization.
D)Both a and b
E)All of the above

Question 69

When is the secretion of progesterone at a low level?

A)menstrual phase
B)proliferative phase
C)secretory phase
D)Both a and b
E)Both a and c

Question 70

During the secretory phase, the corpus luteum secretes ____ levels of estrogen and ____ levels of progesterone.

A)high; high
B)high; low
C)low; high
D)low; low

Question 71

Menstruation is initiated by a rapid

A)increase in estrogen levels
B)drop in estrogen levels
C)drop in progesterone levels
D)increase in estrogen levels and drop in progesterone levels
E)drop in estrogen levels and drop in progesterone levels

Question 72

In the blastocyst, the ________ is destined to become the __________

A)trophoblast; fetus
B)trophoblast; fetal portion of the placenta
C)trophoblast; inner cell mass
D)blastocoele; digestive system, lungs, and kidneys for the fetus
E)blastocoele; fetus

Question 73

Choose the correct statement about implantation.

A)It is accomplished as the trophoblastic cells break down the myometrium tissue
B)It occurs during the secretory, or progestational, phase of the menstrual cycle
C)It occurs within 24 hours after ovulation
D)Both a and b
E)All of the above

Question 74

During the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle,

A)a new ovarian follicular phase is beginning
B)estrogen and progesterone levels reach their lowest concentration
C)vasoconstriction of the uterine vessels occurs in response to release of a uterine prostaglandin
D)the corpus luteum degenerates
E)all of the above occur

Question 75

During fertilization, sperm bind to specific receptor sites on the surface of the

A)zona pellucida
B)corona radiata
C)plasma membrane of the ovum
D)polar body
E)oviduct

Question 76

Which statement is incorrect?

A)Rising to moderate levels of estrogen inhibit the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary in negative-feedback fashion.
B)Under the influence of estrogen from developing follicles, both FSH and LH secretion both continue to decline throughout the follicular phase.
C)Both estrogen and progesterone are required to completely inhibit tonic LH secretion.
D)A high level of estrogen stimulates LH secretion and initiates the LH surge.
E)Progesterone powerfully inhibits both FSH and LH secretion.

Question 77

The proliferative phase of the menstrual (uterine) cycle is

A)occurring when the ovarian cycle is in the follicular phase
B)from the time of menstruation to the time of ovulation
C)occurring when the endometrium is repairing itself and thickening under the influence of estrogen
D)both b and c
E)all of the above

Question 78

Which of the following does not occur during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A)The proliferative phase of the uterine cycle
B)The menstrual phase of the uterine cycle
C)Estrogen secretion
D)Progesterone secretion
E)FSH and LH secretion

Question 79

The normal site of fertilization is the

A)ovary
B)uterus
C)fallopian tube
D)vagina
E)fimbria

Question 80

An increase in the level of estrogen in the ovarian cycle feeds back to ______ the secretion of FSH and to ________ the secretion of LH.

A)decrease; decrease
B)decrease; increase
C)increase; decrease
D)increase; increase