Deck 11: Enlightenment and Rococo

Question 1

What is Locke's assertion in Essay on Human Understanding?

A) People are perfectly capable of governing themselves.
B) The rules of established society inhibit creativity and true freedom.
C) The separation of Church and State is essential to establishing a true democracy.
D) Rational humanism is the guiding principle of progress.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is the author of Discourse on Method and is considered a founder of deism and of analytic geometry?

A) René Descartes
B) Galileo Galilei
C) Johannes Kepler
D) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 2

A

Question 3

During the early eighteenth century,which of the following areas was most closely associated with London's very poor?

A) the East End
B) Mayfair
C) Marylebone
D) Paddington

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of Bacon's categories of false notion is derived from an individual's particular education,upbringing,and environment,and includes one's religious faith?

A) Idols of the Tribe
B) Idols of the Market Place
C) Idols of the Cave
D) Idols of the Theater

Question 5

Which artist sketched Marie-Antoinette as she was transported by cart to the guillotine?

A) Jean-Honoré Fragonard
B) Jean-Antoine Watteau
C) Marie-Louise-Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
D) Jacques-Louis David

Question 6

Who was commissioned to rebuild 52 of the churches destroyed in the Great Fire of London,including Saint Paul's Cathedral?

A) Thomas Hobbes
B) Christopher Wren
C) John Locke
D) John Milton

Question 7

What is the intended meaning behind Hobbes's Leviathan?

A) Humankind's only hope is to submit to a higher authority.
B) The monarchy is the only divinely ordained authority.
C) The independence of humans is based solely on intellect.
D) Industry is the only hope for the poor and disadvantaged.

Question 8

Which of the following artists suggested the subject matter for The Swing?

A) Marie-Louise-Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
B) Jean-Antoine Watteau
C) Gabriel-François Doyen
D) François Boucher

Question 9

What is the irony behind Watteau's use of fêtes galantes as subject matter?

A) He buyers were members of the bourgeoisie, not aristocrats.
B) He held the ardent belief that eroticism in the visual arts was sinful, citing his Jesuit education.
C) He painted mythological scenes as a result of demand from aristocrats.
D) The mythological references were an acceptable way to allude to eroticism.

Question 10

Who is associated with such characters as Robinson Crusoe,Moll Flanders,Colonel Jack,and Roxanna?

A) Henry Fielding
B) Daniel Defoe
C) Samuel Johnson
D) Alexander Pope

Question 11

Who is the author of Paradise Lost,which provides an account of the loss of Paradise by Adam and Eve?

A) Thomas Hobbes
B) Jonathan Swift
C) John Locke
D) John Milton

Question 12

Which of the following challenged the traditional belief that the orbits of the planets were spherical,showing that the five known planets moved around the sun in elliptical paths?

A) René Descartes
B) Galileo Galilei
C) Johannes Kepler
D) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Question 13

Who painted A Philosopher Occupied with His Reading?

A) Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
B) Jacques-Louis David
C) Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
D) Charles-Joseph Natoire

Question 14

What does Isaac Newton assert in his work Principia?

A) The universe is a well-ordered system in its operations and principles.
B) Natural law precedes the law of society.
C) The uncivilized primitive human is the most noble.
D) Morality is above the laws of man and not subject to society's enforcement.

Question 15

What was the benefit of using the flying shuttle?

A) Cast-iron workers could more easily develop the mechanized parts they needed for repairs to machinery.
B) A weaver could quickly propel the shuttle through the loom yarn for much faster weaving and larger pieces of cloth.
C) This new ceramics technique involved glazing between firings, producing a desirable color glaze.
D) This innovation allowed mills to operate from the flow of water.

Question 16

Which member of the Lunar Society is considered the inventor of gas lighting?

A) James Watt
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) William Murdock
D) Josiah Wedgwood

Question 17

Why would King Louis XV attempt to prohibit the publication of the Encyclopédie?

A) The Enclyclopédie is a compendium of knowledge, which he saw as empowering to the masses.
B) If distributed, the political agenda behind the Enclyclopédie would destabilize the monarchy.
C) The work was inflammatory toward the Church.
D) The work pressured local authorities to allow unauthorized distribution of printed material.

Question 18

What was Richard Arkwright's contribution to the textile industry?

A) He patented a waterwheel used to power looms.
B) He developed what would later become the cotton gin.
C) He developed a smoothing technique using water and dyed wool.
D) He developed a "flying shuttle," which enabled faster weaving.

Question 19

Which of the following artists served as an official portraitist for Marie-Antoinette?

A) Jean-Honoré Fragonard
B) Jean-Antoine Watteau
C) Marie-Louise-Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
D) Jacques-Louis David

Question 20

William Hogarth's Gin Lane,which explores the consequences of Londoners being addicted to gin,serves as

A) a method of shaming Londoners.
B) a message to the upper classes.
C) social commentary.
D) a warning against sin.

Question 21

In which work did Voltaire praise the Chinese for maintaining civilization?

A) The Social Contract
B) Candide
C) Don Quixote
D) Essay on the Morals and Customs of Nations

Question 22

Tattooing is most closely associated with the traditions of which of the following?

A) the Tahitians
B) the Marquesas Islanders
C) the Maori
D) the Easter Islanders

Question 23

Explain how the Great Fire of London can be viewed as both a curse and a blessing.

Question 24

Summarize the position presented by Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan.

Question 25

The writing of Jane Austen,especially in Pride and Prejudice,reflects

A) the limitation of gender roles in eighteenth-century society.
B) an accurate view of domestic life for the working poor.
C) the adventures of a female traveling alone.
D) the hypocrisy of the Church of England.

Question 26

Discuss the characteristics of a typical English garden.

Question 27

Which of the following terms refers to the monumental heads with torsos that Captain Cook found on Easter Island?

A) ahu
B) moai
C) hei-tiki
D) tapu

Question 28

Who wrote the Dictionary of the English Language and also praised the Chinese civil service examinations?

A) John Milton
B) Samuel Johnson
C) Alexander Pope
D) Jane Austen

Question 29

Summarize the position presented by John Locke in Essay on Human Understanding.

Question 30

Contrast the philosophes and the aristocracy.