Deck 11: Cancer

Question 1

The majority of cancers caused by an environmental factor are because of:

A)radiation.
B)pollution.
C)smoking.
D)alcohol.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which gene(s)is/are a tumor-suppressor(s)?

A)BRCA1/BRCA2
B)Type A blood
C)RET
D)Telomerase

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The most likely way to be exposed to radiation is:

A)by fallout from nuclear bombs.
B)via power plant accidents.
C)exposure to diagnostic X-rays.
D)daily cell phone usage.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The cell in this illustration labeled C has undergone:

A)differentiation.
B)carcinogenesis.
C)apoptosis.
D)specialization.

Question 5

Genes that promote cell growth are called:

A)tumor-suppressor genes.
B)proto-oncogenes.
C)telomerase.
D)p53.

Question 6

When cancer migrates from an original tumor,it is called:

A)metastasis.
B)angiogenesis.
C)carcinoma in situ.
D)carcinogenesis.

Question 7

Cancer can be defined as:

A)cells that never divide.
B)cells that divide uncontrollably.
C)tumors only.
D)an extremely rare cause of death.

Question 8

The tumor in the illustration is:

A)malignant.
B)metastatic.
C)benign.
D)exhibiting contact inhibition.

Question 9

In a cell with damaged DNA,which protein halts cell division?

A)p53
B)Telomerase
C)Oncogene product
D)All of these choices

Question 10

The difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene is:

A)they are identical.
B)proto-oncogenes promote growth, and oncogenes are tumor-suppressors.
C)proto-oncogenes promote cancer, oncogenes do not.
D)a mutation.

Question 11

This process is called:

A)hyperplasia.
B)malignant.
C)apoptosis.
D)in situ.

Question 12

How does the immune system defend against cancer?

A)Cells undergo angiogenesis.
B)T and NK cells metastasize.
C)T and NK cells target cancer cells.
D)T and NK cells turn on oncogenes in cancer cells.

Question 13

This process is called:

A)angiogenesis.
B)metastasis.
C)apoptosis.
D)oncogenesis.

Question 14

A tumor is considered malignant:

A)when it is in situ.
B)if it is invasive and spreads.
C)if cells pile on top of each other.
D)if cells avoid apoptosis.

Question 15

The presence of telomerase in a cell leads to:

A)improved DNA repair.
B)apoptosis.
C)cell immortality.
D)All of these choices.

Question 16

Oncogenes are found in:

A)healthy cells.
B)cells that have undergone apoptosis.
C)cancer cells.
D)specialized cells.

Question 17

When the normal regulation of cell growth fails the result is:

A)abnormal nuclei and damaged DNA.
B)contact inhibition.
C)shortened chromosome ends.
D)programmed cell death.

Question 18

The majority of skin cancers are caused by:

A)ionizing radiation.
B)radon.
C)power lines.
D)non-ionizing radiation.

Question 19

How are cancers classified?

A)By the location and type of tissue
B)By the genetic or environmental causal factor
C)By the name of the organ in which they are found
D)By the symptoms

Question 20

The characteristic that differentiates the cell in image B from that in image A is:

A)Image B cell has undergone apoptosis.
B)Image B cell is specialized.
C)Image B cell has proto-oncogenes.
D)Image B cell has active oncogenes.

Question 21

Free radicals:

A)damage DNA.
B)protect against cancer.
C)are found in citrus fruits.
D)are antioxidants.

Question 22

Lymphoma is indicated by which letter in the picture?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 23

Which diet choice is most often linked to high cancer rates?

A)High fat consumption
B)Low consumption of grains
C)Low consumption of fruit and vegetables
D)High protein consumption

Question 24

Healthy cells contain many proto-oncogenes.

Question 25

The best imaging technique for detecting tumors in connective tissue,the brain or spinal cord is a/an:

A)CAT scan.
B)X-Rays.
C)Ultrasound.
D)MRI.

Question 26

What class of cancer is indicated by the letter A?

A)Lymphoma
B)Leukemia
C)Skin cancer
D)Breast cancer

Question 27

The easiest way to avoid cancers caused by an environmental factor is to avoid smoking any organic compound.

Question 28

The first and most important step in cancer control is:

A)tumor-enzyme tests.
B)yearly doctors' appointments.
C)self tests.
D)an MRI.

Question 29

The most common cause of cervical cancer is:

A)because of radiation.
B)from chemicals in the environment.
C)BRCA1.
D)viral infection.

Question 30

Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is an environmental cause of cancer?

A)B
B)C
C)E
D)F

Question 31

Which kind of pathogen can initiate cancer?

A)Bacteria
B)Prion
C)Virus
D)Fungus

Question 32

Which cancer treatment is not considered to be a "sledgehammer" approach?

A)Surgery
B)Cutting off the blood supply to the tumor
C)Radiation therapy
D)Chemotherapy

Question 33

A distinguishing feature of cancer cells is their perfect symmetry.

Question 34

Leukemia is indicated by which letter in the picture?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E

Question 35

Why is radiation effective in treating cancer cells?

A)Radiation promotes cell growth so that healthy cells can overtake the cancer cells.
B)Radiation boosts the function of the immune system so that the body can remove cancer cells.
C)Radiation is deadly to rapidly dividing cells and cancer cells divide much more frequently than non-cancerous cells.
D)Radiation kills cancer cells but not healthy cells.

Question 36

Which kind of skin cancer is most dangerous?

A)Squamous cell
B)Basal cell
C)Melanoma
D)Malignant basal cell

Question 37

The prostate-specific antigen can be diagnosed by:

A)imaging.
B)screening tests.
C)tumor-enzyme test.
D)genetic tests.

Question 38

All malignant tumors start out as a single mutated cancer cell.

Question 39

Telomerase is an enzyme present in healthy cells that maintains the tips of chromosomes.

Question 40

Which behavior best helps an individual to remain cancer free?

A)Overeating
B)Avoid doctors
C)High alcohol consumption
D)Cessation of smoking

Question 41

If you carry either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene,you will develop breast cancer.

Question 42

Genetic tests can detect the presence of cancer.

Question 43

The environmental carcinogens known as initiators cause cancerous changes in cellular functioning.

Question 44

New cancer treatments target cancer cells and are less damaging to healthy cells.

Question 45

Eating fresh fruits,vegetables,and whole grains while avoiding trans and saturated fats will lower your cancer risk.

Question 46

The RB gene is an oncogene.