Deck 20: Inheritance, Genetics, and Molecular Biology

Question 1

If a trait is located on the X chromosome,why do males exhibit the trait all the time?

A)Males have two X chromosomes.
B)Males have two Y chromosomes.
C)Males have only one X chromosome.
D)Males have only one Y chromosome.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Variations in voice pitch in humans is an example of:

A)a typical dominant/recessive trait.
B)a sex-linked trait.
C)a codominant trait.
D)an incomplete dominance trait.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Messenger RNA is decoded by transfer RNA three bases at a time.The three bases are called a(n)_________ .

A)codon
B)anti-codon
C)initiators
D)decoders

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The dihybrid cross shown here will produce how many wrinkled and yellow pea plants?

A)9
B)6
C)3
D)1

Question 5

A trait that is expressed even if there is only one such allele is a ______ trait.

A)homologous
B)recessive
C)dominant
D)true-breeding

Question 6

A human cell with 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes is called:

A)diploid.
B)polyploid.
C)haploid.
D)multiploid.

Question 7

Mendel's conclusion about how each trait is carried in the gamete as a separate entity regardless of any other traits is called the Law of ______________ .

A)Independent Assortment
B)Segregation
C)Crossing-Over
D)Dominance

Question 8

Which phase of meiosis is depicted here?

A)Prophase I
B)Metaphase I
C)Anaphase I
D)Telophase I

Question 9

As a result of the cross labeled 1,what do you predict about all the offspring labeled 2?

A)There will be mostly white offspring and some purple.
B)The offspring will all be white.
C)There will be mostly purple offspring and some white.
D)The offspring will all be purple.

Question 10

The diagram shows that the inherited trait is:

A)autosomal dominant.
B)autosomal recessive.
C)sex-linked.
D)sex influenced.

Question 11

What would be true about the offspring of two straight-haired Caucasians?

A)They would all have straight hair.
B)Some would have straight hair and some curly.
C)Some would have wavy hair and some curly.
D)Some would have straight hair, some wavy, and some curly; they would have to have many children to see this effect.

Question 12

Which trait exhibits typical dominant/recessive inheritance in humans?

A)Freckles
B)Red color-blindness
C)Baldness
D)Both freckles and red color-blindness

Question 13

What type of blood can the offspring of the parents depicted here have?

A)Type A only
B)Type A and O
C)Type A, B, and O
D)All blood types are possible because this only give us the phenotypes, not the specific genotypes

Question 14

During which process would you find the event pictured here?

A)Mitosis
B)Meiosis
C)Transcription
D)Translation

Question 15

Regarding sex-linked traits,what conclusion can be drawn regarding the offspring labeled A?

A)Normal female but a carrier
B)Normal male
C)Male with the sex-linked trait
D)Normal female

Question 16

What is happening in this picture?

A)A ribosome binds the mRNA, along with an initiator tRNA
B)A stop codon is reached, and the formed polypeptide is released
C)Transcription
D)The ribosome slides down the mRNA, "reading" the next codon.

Question 17

Translation:

A)is when mRNA is made from DNA.
B)is when amino acids are linked according to RNA codes.
C)is when tRNA is made from DNA.
D)is when tRNA is made from amino acid sequences.

Question 18

What would be the mRNA sequence given a DNA sequence of GAC?

A)CUG
B)AUT
C)UAU
D)GTC

Question 19

The process depicted here is best described by which of the following choices?

A)The tetrads are separating to opposite sides.
B)The cell is completing the first phase of meiosis.
C)The cell is splitting; cytokinesis.
D)Genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes.

Question 20

Heterozygotes:

A)have two copies of the dominant allele.
B)have two copies of the recessive allele.
C)are always male.
D)have genotypes usually indicated with a capital and a lower case letter such as Aa.

Question 21

Gregor Mendel was the first to breed plants and draw conclusions about the patterns of inheritance from his results.

Question 22

Separation of DNA into two strands using heat is called?

A)Dissociation
B)Centrifugation
C)Isolation
D)Annealing

Question 23

A woman with type AB blood cannot have children with type O blood.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an example of a single-gene disorder?

A)Down syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Marfan syndrome
D)SCID

Question 25

What is the name of the technique shown here?

A)Karyotype
B)Polymerase chain reaction
C)Human genome project
D)Restriction fragment length polymorphism

Question 26

The field of pharmacogenetics:

A)tailors drug treatments to individual genotypes.
B)tailors drug treatments to individual phenotypes.
C)prescribes generic treatments to individuals.
D)prescribes antibiotics to treat individual bacterial infections.

Question 27

Which of the following disorders matches these symptoms: lack of coordination,poor memory,lack of fine motor control?

A)Cystic fibrosis
B)Sickle cell anemia
C)Turner syndrome
D)Huntington's disease

Question 28

In this diagram,the Argobacterium is a(n):

A)plasmid.
B)virus.
C)host.
D)vector.

Question 29

The specific alleles carried on the chromosomes constitute the individuals phenotype.

Question 30

Prenatal testing is currently used to determine:

A)SNP location.
B)personality.
C)chromosomal abnormalities.
D)cancer.

Question 31

What does this figure communicate?

A)The child is related to father number one
B)The child is related to father number two
C)The child is related to the mother only
D)The child is related to both fathers

Question 32

Using Mendel's garden pea traits of purple and white,if a purple plant crossed with a white plant produces all purple plants,the white allele must be the recessive trait.

Question 33

Tay-Sachs is a fatal disease caused by a dysfunctional,lysosomal enzyme in the brain.

Question 34

Calico-shell cats are always male because this characteristic is on the X chromosome and males have only one X chromosome.

Question 35

Which is true regarding the sex chromosomes of females?

A)Both of their X chromosomes are active and contribute to the characteristics even if there are two different alleles on the chromosomes.
B)The Y chromosome becomes inactive.
C)One of the X chromosomes becomes a condensed Barr body.
D)They have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.

Question 36

Human traits are complicated because many are polygenic which means the trait is influenced by many genes.

Question 37

Once a protein sequence is determined,scientists can work backwards to obtain the DNA code of that protein by first determining the tRNA sequence.

Question 38

Regarding gene therapy,in order for the results to be transmitted to the next generation the gene should be inserted into the patient's:

A)somatic cells.
B)sperm cells.
C)germ cells.
D)diploid cells.

Question 39

Hemophilia and colorblindness are:

A)dominant traits.
B)sex-linked traits.
C)multifactorial traits.
D)autosomal traits.

Question 40

What are the ends of these pieces of DNA called?

A)Restriction ends
B)Blunt ends
C)Sticky ends
D)Annealing ends

Question 41

One of the goals of the Human Genome Project was to identify the genes in human DNA; however,the sequencing of the DNA is part of a future project.