Deck 13: Interactionist Theories

Question 1

The identification of someone as criminal by public authorities is an outcome of:

A) stigma
B) labelling
C) bureaucracy
D) symbolic interactionism

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Secondary deviation occurs when an individual

A) commits deviant acts but does not adopt a primary self-identity as a deviant.
B) does not commit deviant acts but is viewed by authorities to have done so.
C) accepts the label of deviant resulting in the adoption of a deviant self-identity that confirms the deviant lifestyle.
D) does not accept the label of deviant resulting in the adoption of a deviant self-identity but conforms to a deviant lifestyle.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

An unintended event process or situation that affects a person's extent of involvement in crime is a:

A) Freudian slip
B) drift
C) negotiation
D) career contingency

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A person or group that demands new criminal laws or stricter enforcement of existing laws is a(n):

A) legislator
B) Attorney General
C) advocacy group
D) moral entrepreneur

Question 5

The claim that it is legitimate to steal from food stores because they make excessive profits is an example of:

A) mercantilism
B) strain theory
C) drift
D) moral rhetoric

Question 6

Primary deviation occurs when an individual

A) commits deviant acts but does not adopt a primary self-identity as a deviant.
B) does not commit deviant acts but is viewed by authorities to have done so.
C) accepts the label of deviant resulting in the adoption of a deviant self-identity that confirms the deviant lifestyle.
D) does not accept the label of deviant resulting in the adoption of a deviant self-identity but conforms to a deviant lifestyle.

Question 7

The key concept of symbolic interactionism is that:

A) individuals act within a context determined by cultural expectations
B) a person's actions are limited by their class situation
C) social interaction is a dynamic process of interpretation and negotiation
D) there is great cross-cultural variation in symbols

Question 8

A person defined as criminal by authorities is likely to find that it will become their:

A) self-definition
B) master status
C) primary deviance
D) secondary label

Question 9

Police,judges,prison personnel,probation,and parole officers are all:

A) agents of social control
B) first line public defenders
C) social workersl
D) legal administrators

Question 10

Which of the following is most closely associated with the interactionist perspective?

A) instrumentalist Marxism
B) differential association
C) operant conditioning
D) moral development

Question 11

The idea of a criminal career is linked to:

A) strain theory
B) organized crime
C) primary and secondary deviation
D) drift

Question 12

The term moral entrepreneur includes

A) rule creators and rule enforcers
B) rule creators but not rule enforcers
C) rule enforcers but not rule creators
D) neither rule creators nor rule enforcers

Question 13

Offenders who do not think they have an acceptable alternate lifestyle other than criminal activity have:

A) self labelling
B) deviant identity
C) continuance commitment
D) stigma

Question 14

A ______________,whether in deviance or a legitimate occupation,is the passage of an individual through recognized stages in one or more related identities.

A) career
B) social structure
C) status ladder
D) status

Question 15

Someone who occasionally shoplifts personal clothing but has a full-time job and socially interacts with non-deviants is an example of:

A) secondary deviation
B) labeling
C) differential association
D) primary deviation

Question 16

Erving Goffman uses the term ___________________ as a characteristic of an individual that is given a negative evaluation by others and thus distorts and discredits the public identity of the person.

A) moral rhetoric
B) stigma
C) master status
D) primary deviance

Question 17

The statement that crime is learned in interaction in small groups that disregard the community's legal code is associated with:

A) class conflict
B) secondary deviation
C) different rates of crime by gender
D) differential association

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of stigma?

A) being unemployed
B) being a drinker
C) being a prisoner
D) being a cocaine user

Question 19

The focus of interactionist criminology is:

A) social structures
B) shared values of culture
C) interpersonal interaction
D) group interaction

Question 20

Which of the following is one of the strongest correlates of criminal behaviour?

A) ethnic group
B) religion
C) having deviant friends
D) being poor

Question 21

Someone who is engaged in the process of defining new stricter rules and laws is a(n)

A) moral entrepreneur
B) empirical entrepreneur
C) agent of social control
D) advocate

Question 22

Interactionist theory centers on:

A) the early stages of deviance.
B) the deviant interchanges people have with one another, and the meanings of these interchanges in the present, past, and future.
C) the study of how rules are applied to some people and not to others.
D) how a person lifestyle changes their behaviour and creates deviant behaviour.

Question 23

Matza wrote about American males who were young offenders.He found that they found satisfaction in drinking,smoking,renouncing,work,being tough,and pursuing the hedonistic pleasures of "real" men.A comparative study out of Alberta proved that for young offenders in Canada

A) they were more likely to be law-abiding then their American counterparts.
B) ties to peers are important, while being in touch with home and school are valued much less.
C) ties to home are important, while being in touch with peers are valued much less.
D) ties to peers are important, while being in touch with home and school are valued just as much.

Question 24

Ethnomethodologists are interested in

A) how agents of social control and ordinary citizens make sense of deviants and deviant acts.
B) the deviant interchanges people have with one another, and the meanings of these interchanges in the present, past, and future.
C) the study of how rules are applied to some people and not to others.
D) how a person lifestyle changes their behaviour and creates deviant behaviour.