Deck 14: Social Control Theory

Question 1

Children who are adequately supervised by their parents and whose parents discipline them in an appropriate fashion

A) will have higher delinquency rates than will their peers who do not.
B) will have higher delinquency rates and a greater degree of violent crimes than will their peers who do not.
C) there will be no difference as the main factor in delinquency is peer pressure.
D) will have lower delinquency rates than will their peers who do not.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In Hirschi's theory,the degree to which an individual is active in conventional activities is the

A) alternatives
B) internalized control
C) attachment
D) involvement

Answer 2

D

Question 3

How is individual religious involvement related to crime?

A) There is no relationship.
B) There is a negative relationship
C) There is a negative relationship in communities with high religious involvement but no relationship in other communities.
D) There is a positive relationship in communities with high religious involvement but no relationship in other communities.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The "general theory of crime" (Gottfredson and Hirschi)argues that some people lack self-control because of:

A) poor or weak childhood socialization
B) anomie
C) strong unconventional bonds
D) differential association

Question 5

All of the following are true about the role of the family in delinquency EXCEPT:

A) if a child comes from a criminal family there is more chance of being labelled delinquent
B) very strict discipline in the family reduces delinquency
C) children who found their family attractive and wanted to please them are less likely to engage in delinquency
D) supervision of children is more likely to reduce the chances of delinquency than is any other variable

Question 6

The degree to which an individual has affective ties to others,identifies the ________ bond of Hirschi's.

A) attachment
B) belief
C) involvement
D) commitment

Question 7

The key element in Early Social Control theories states that

A) lack of ties to the conventional order will increase the likelihood of association with deviant peers.
B) deviance will be highest in disorganized communities that lack social controls.
C) personal controls, particularly those provided by the family, are extremely important.
D) there are four element of the social bond: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.

Question 8

Social control theory believes:

A) people become criminal because of the pressures placed on them in society.
B) people do not become criminal because they do not want to jeopardize their bonds to conventional society.
C) people do not care about their bonds to conventional society but act the way they do because of their own preprogrammed temperament.
D) all people commit crimes just some are caught and others get away with it.

Question 9

Control theory is often thought to be too conservative because:

A) it fails to adequately deal with individual psychology
B) it fails to acknowledge the biological component of behaviour
C) it fails to see the structural factors that produce crime
D) it fails to consider the plight of less advantaged in society

Question 10

The key element in Social Bond theories state that

A) lack of ties to the conventional order will increase the likelihood of association with deviant peers.
B) deviance will be highest in disorganized communities that lack social controls.
C) personal controls, particularly those provided by the family, are extremely important.
D) there are four elements of the social bond: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.

Question 11

Gottfredson and Hirschi proposed that

A) individuals with low self-control have a greater propensity to commit crimes when they have the opportunity to do so.
B) individuals with high self-control have a greater propensity to commit crimes when they have the opportunity to do so.
C) individuals with low self-control have a greater propensity to commit crimes even when the opportunity does not present itself.
D) early childhood experiences do not produce low levels of self-control that will result in higher levels of deviance.

Question 12

All of the following differentiated good and bad schools in helping children function academically and behaviourally EXCEPT:

A) standards set by the school
B) how much students are allowed to participate in decision-making
C) the overall school budget per student
D) the degree of concentration of intellectually and socially disadvantaged children

Question 13

If unemployment causes an increase in crime,unemployment is a(n)_________ variable.

A) dependent
B) independent
C) control
D) intervening

Question 14

n Hirschi's theory,the degree to which an individual has affective ties to other persons is referred to as

A) involvement
B) belief
C) internalized control
D) attachment

Question 15

Which author is NOT a control theorist?

A) Hirschi
B) Reiss
C) Nye
D) Glueck

Question 16

A theory that focuses on explaining the deviant behaviour of individuals using factors or features of the society in explaining this behaviour is labelled

A) structural
B) control
C) individualistic
D) social disorganization

Question 17

All of the following are valid criticisms of control theory except:

A) It has received relatively little empirical support.
B) It does not adequately account for the motivation to deviate.
C) It is too individualistic.
D) It is too conservative.

Question 18

According to studies cited in the text,children who were exposed to hostile or ineffective parenting in both the 1994 and the 1996 survey periods were ___ more likely to have behavioural problems than were children who were not exposed to these parenting styles

A) two times.
B) three times.
C) five times.
D) nine.

Question 19

Suicide caused by rapid social and economic changes that have left a society without a clear system of moral beliefs and sentiments is identified as:

A) egoistic
B) altruistic
C) anomic
D) fatalistic