Deck 8: Early Theories of Criminology

Question 1

The Gluecks focused their research on:

A) body types
B) IQ
C) atavism
D) cognitive styles

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Beccaria and the Classical School felt that

A) Crime should not fit the crime
B) the degree of punishment should not be proportional to the degree of harm that was done to society.
C) the degree of punishment should be proportional to the degree of harm that was done to society.
D) the degree of punishment should not be proportional to the degree of harm that was done to the victim.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which is NOT true of the Classical School?

A) it advocated due process safeguards
B) its theory of punishment was based on deterrence
C) it wished to allow discretion for judges
D) it believed too much punishment could be unjust

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Cesare Lombrosos used the term ____________________ to refer to the physical signs of the state of a morally and evolutionary inferior person.

A) Atavism
B) Stigmata
C) Survival of the fittest
D) Endomorph

Question 5

In 18ᵗʰ century England,about ____________________ of death sentences were given for robbery and burglary.

A) 350
B) 500
C) 15
D) 25

Question 6

Which contradicts the ideas associated with the Positivist School?

A) criminologist should study individual offenders
B) punishment should fit the criminal
C) crime is caused by factors, which can be discovered
D) criminals are rational choice makers

Question 7

I n 18ᵗʰ century England,as many as _______________________ offences were punishable by death.

A) 30 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 5 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 8

In somatotyping, the ___________ is believed to be most likely to commit crime.

A) atavist
B) endomorph
C) ectomorph
D) mesomorph

Question 9

The Statistical School is important because:

A) it deals with individual offenders and not crime rates
B) it is an important expression of the Classical School
C) it emphasizes the psychological causes of crime
D) it focuses on structural features of society

Question 10

A criminal type thought to be a throwback to an earlier stage of evolution is known as:

A) criminaloid
B) ectomorph
C) atavist
D) endomorph

Question 11

The Classical School is associated with:

A) Lombroso
B) Beccaria
C) Sutherland
D) Ferri

Question 12

The Classical theorists believed

A) crime was a sin cause by supernatural forces and possession.
B) that humans were rational beings who carefully calculated the consequences of their behaviour.
C) that humans were rational beings but crime was the result of possession.
D) that humans were rational beings but they did not calculate the consequences of their behaviour.

Question 13

The policies in North America which led to the institutionalization of the "mentally retarded" and often to forced sterilization,were based on theories of:

A) atavism
B) XYY chromosones
C) body type
D) heredity

Question 14

The concept of "atavism" shows the influence of:

A) Darwin
B) Durkheim
C) Comte
D) Beccaria

Question 15

The idea that crime could be controlled if society could design punishment to fit the criminal is an influence of the:

A) Positivist School
B) Classical School
C) Statistical School
D) contract theory

Question 16

The theoretical approach focusing on making criminology scientific,accepting cause-effect relationships,and open to discovery,is called:

A) enlightenment
B) a classical approach
C) positivism
D) natural science

Question 17

The Judeo-Christian teachings provide two powerful explanations outlining the role of evil spirits in sinful behaviour:

A) temptation and theft
B) theft and murder
C) temptation and possession
D) possession and vice

Question 18

__________________________ is used in the criminal justice and refers to crime prevention achieved through the fear of punishment.

A) Judicial torture
B) Judicial punishment
C) Atavism
D) Deterrence

Question 19

Lombroso first postulated two types of criminals:

A) born and occasional
B) born and criminaloids
C) occasional and criminaloids
D) born and criminals of passion

Question 20

Which is NOT true of the Classical School?

A) it was based on social contract theory
B) it advocated a naturalistic understanding of crime
C) individuals were considered free and rational
D) punishment should fit the criminal

Question 21

_____________________ is the belief of superior people and the belief in improving the stock of the race or the nation.

A) Atavism
B) Dysgenics
C) Eugenics
D) Somatotypes

Question 22

_______________________ established the first intelligence test in France.

A) Goddard
B) Binet-Simon
C) Beccaria
D) Lombrososw

Question 23

The ________________________ believed that criminals were born,not made,and they were less evolved than the law-abiding.

A) Classical School
B) Neoclassical theorists
C) Statistical School
D) Positive School