Deck 13: Upper Extremity and Shoulder Girdle

Question 1

Which portion of the humerus articulates with the radial head?

A) The greater tubercle
B) The lesser tubercle
C) The capitulum
D) The trochlea

Answer 1

The capitulum

Question 2

Which carpal bone has a characteristic hooklike process on its anterior surface?

A) Hamate
B) Scaphoid
C) Pisiform
D) Capitate

Answer 2

Hamate

Question 3

What is the name of the large,rounded projection that can be felt on the superior,lateral surface of the shoulder?

A) Coracoid process
B) Lateral epicondyle
C) Acromion
D) Inferior angle of the scapula

Answer 3

Acromion

Question 4

Which carpal bone is located in the proximal row on the lateral side?

A) Hamate
B) Pisiform
C) Trapezium
D) Scaphoid

Question 5

Where is the radial tuberosity located?

A) At the distal end on the anterior surface
B) At the proximal end, distal to the head of the radius
C) At the distal end on the posterior surface
D) At the proximal end, proximal to the head of the radius

Question 6

Which surface of the hand is in contact with the IR for the lateral projection of the hand?

A) Lateral
B) Medial
C) Anterior (palmar)
D) Posterior (dorsal)

Question 7

Which bone of the forearm is located on the medial side?

A) Radius
B) Ulna
C) Humerus
D) Scapula

Question 8

The bones of the forearm are the:

A) radius and ulna.
B) tibia and fibula.
C) humerus and radius.
D) clavicle and scapula.

Question 9

What is the center point of the CR for the PA projection of the hand?

A) Third MCP joint
B) Second MCP joint
C) Third proximal interphalangeal joint
D) Base of the third metacarpal

Question 10

What is the name of the bones that comprise the digits of the hands?

A) Carpal bones
B) Phalanges
C) Metacarpals
D) Tarsals

Question 11

Which carpal bone is located in the distal row on the medial side?

A) Trapezium
B) Scaphoid
C) Hamate
D) Pisiform

Question 12

Which of the following are located at the proximal end of the humerus?
1) Head
2) Greater tubercle
3) Epicondyles

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 13

Which surface of the hand should be in contact with the IR for the PA projection?

A) Lateral
B) Medial
C) Posterior (dorsal)
D) Anterior (palmar)

Question 14

How many bones are normally found in digits 2 to 5?

A) 1
B) 5
C) 3
D) 8

Question 15

Which of the following positioning strategies helps demonstrate the interphalangeal joints on the PA oblique projection of the hand?

A) The "modified teacup" position
B) Use of a stair-step sponge to support the fingers
C) Placing the coronal plane of the hand perpendicular to the IR
D) Placing the coronal plane of the hand parallel to the IR

Question 16

The bones that are located in the palm of the hand are called:

A) carpals.
B) phalanges.
C) metacarpals.
D) digits.

Question 17

Which of the following is located at the distal end of the radius?

A) Styloid process
B) Radial head
C) Radial tuberosity
D) Olecranon process

Question 18

Where is the humerus located?

A) At the anterior portion of the shoulder girdle
B) At the posterior portion of the shoulder girdle
C) On the lateral side of the forearm
D) In the upper portion of the arm

Question 19

Which carpal bone articulates with the first metacarpal?

A) Pisiform
B) Scaphoid
C) Trapezoid
D) Trapezium

Question 20

Where is the olecranon process located?

A) At the distal end of the ulna
B) At the distal end of the radius
C) At the proximal end of the ulna
D) At the proximal end of the radius

Question 21

Which of the following describes the proper position of the forearm when taking a lateral projection of the forearm?

A) Elbow extended, wrist and elbow parallel to IR, hand supinated
B) Elbow extended, wrist and elbow parallel to IR, hand pronated
C) Elbow flexed at 90 degrees, wrist lateral, medial surface of forearm in contact with IR
D) Elbow flexed at 90 degrees, wrist parallel to IR, anterior surface of forearm in contact with IR with hand pronated

Question 22

Which surface of the wrist is in contact with the IR for the PA projection of the wrist?

A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Lateral
D) Medial

Question 23

What is the proper patient position for the AP projection of the forearm?

A) Elbow extended, wrist and elbow parallel to IR, hand supinated
B) Elbow extended, wrist and elbow parallel to IR, hand pronated
C) Elbow flexed, wrist and elbow perpendicular to IR, hand in lateral position
D) Elbow flexed, wrist and elbow perpendicular to IR, hand pronated

Question 24

Which surface of the hand should be in contact with the IR for the lateral projection of the fifth (pinky)digit?

A) The medial surface
B) The lateral surface
C) The anterior (palmar) surface
D) The posterior (dorsal) surface

Question 25

Where is the CR center point for the AP projection of the thumb?

A) Distal interphalangeal joint
B) Proximal interphalangeal joint
C) MCP joint
D) Base of the third metacarpal

Question 26

What is the position of the thumb on a PA projection of the hand?

A) Lateral
B) Oblique
C) Anatomic position
D) Modified teacup

Question 27

What is the position of the wrist for the PA oblique projection with lateral rotation?

A) Hand and wrist flat with anterior surface in contact with IR
B) Fingers flexed with anterior surface of wrist in contact with IR
C) Coronal plane of wrist at 45-degree angle to IR with anteromedial surface on IR
D) Medial surface of wrist on IR with coronal plane perpendicular to IR

Question 28

Which of the following must be included in an AP projection of the forearm?
1) Radius and ulna
2) Wrist joint
3) Elbow joint

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 29

Which positioning strategy places the wrist in closer contact with the IR for the PA projection of the wrist?

A) Flexing the wrist joint
B) Ulnar deviation
C) Radial deviation
D) Flexing the fingers into a loose fist

Question 30

When radiographing the fingers,what anatomy should be included?

A) The proximal portion of the metacarpal and all of the phalanges
B) The distal portion of the metacarpal and all of the phalanges
C) All of the phalanges
D) The entire metacarpal and all of the phalanges

Question 31

Which surface of the forearm is in contact with the IR when radiographing the forearm in a lateral position?

A) Medial surface
B) Lateral surface
C) Posterior surface
D) Anterior surface

Question 32

To demonstrate the interphalangeal joint spaces,how must the finger be positioned for the PA oblique and lateral projections?

A) Perpendicular to the IR
B) Parallel to the IR
C) It depends on the finger being examined
D) The "modified teacup" position

Question 33

Which of the following may be substituted for a routine AP projection of the elbow joint when the patient is unable to extend the elbow?
1) AP projection of the proximal forearm
2) AP projection of the distal humerus
3) AP oblique projection in lateral rotation

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 34

In radiography of the forearm,it is important to:

A) give proper breathing instructions.
B) make sure the patient's hand is pronated.
C) keep the shoulder joint in external rotation.
D) include both bones in their entirety and their articulations.

Question 35

What is the proper position of the wrist for the lateral projection?

A) Hand and wrist flat with anterior surface in contact with IR
B) Fingers flexed with anterior surface of wrist in contact with IR
C) Coronal plane of wrist at 45-degree angle to IR with anteromedial surface on IR
D) Medial surface of wrist on IR with coronal plane perpendicular to IR

Question 36

Which carpal bones are best demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the wrist in medial rotation?

A) Scaphoid
B) Carpal canal
C) Lunate and pisiform
D) Trapezium and trapezoid

Question 37

Which surface of the elbow is in contact with the IR when taking an AP projection of the elbow?

A) Medial surface
B) Lateral surface
C) Posterior surface
D) Anterior surface

Question 38

Which projection of the thumb results in a more magnified image because of the increase in OID?

A) PA
B) PA oblique
C) Lateral
D) AP

Question 39

Which of the following special projections can be used to demonstrate the scaphoid carpal bone?
1) PA projection (ulnar deviation position)
2) PA axial projection (Stecher method)
3) Tangential projection (Gaynor-Hart method)

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 40

Where is the CR center point for the PA projection of the second digit?

A) Distal interphalangeal joint
B) Proximal interphalangeal joint
C) MCP joint
D) Base of the third metacarpal

Question 41

Which of the following projections might be used to examine an acute injury to the shoulder?
1) PA oblique projection (Scapular Y)
2) Transthoracic lateral projection
3) AP projection with external rotation

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 42

What is the proper patient position for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method)of the shoulder?

A) Patient's coronal plane is placed 35 to 45 degrees to the IR with the posterolateral aspect of shoulder in contact with table or upright Bucky.
B) Patient's MSP is placed 35 to 45 degrees to the IR with the posterolateral aspect of shoulder in contact with table or upright Bucky.
C) Patient's coronal plane is placed 35 to 45 degrees to the IR with the anterolateral aspect of shoulder in contact with table or upright Bucky.
D) Patient's MSP is placed 35 to 45 degrees to the IR with the anterolateral aspect of shoulder in contact with table or upright Bucky.

Question 43

Where does the CR enter the patient for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method)of the shoulder?

A) Perpendicular to a point 2 inches medial and 2 inches superior to the superolateral border of the shoulder
B) Perpendicular to a point 2 inches lateral and 2 inches superior to the superolateral border of the shoulder
C) Perpendicular to a point 2 inches medial and 2 inches inferior to the superolateral border of the shoulder
D) Perpendicular to a point 2 inches lateral and 2 inches inferior to the superolateral border of the shoulder

Question 44

What is the proper CR angle and direction on the AP axial projection of the clavicle?

A) 35 to 45 degrees cephalic
B) 35 to 45 degrees caudal
C) 13 to 30 degrees cephalic
D) 13 to 30 degrees caudal

Question 45

Where is the CR entrance point for the AP projections of the shoulder?

A) 1 inch superior to coracoid process
B) 1 inch medial and inferior to coracoid process
C) 1 inch medial and inferior to acromion
D) 1 inch superior to acromion

Question 46

What is the proper CR angle and direction on the PA axial projection of the clavicle?

A) 35 to 45 degrees cephalic
B) 35 to 45 degrees caudal
C) 13 to 30 degrees cephalic
D) 13 to 30 degrees caudal

Question 47

Which projection and position of the shoulder demonstrate the greater tubercle of the humerus in profile?

A) AP oblique projection (Grashey method); 35- to 45-degree posterior oblique position
B) PA oblique projection (Scapular Y); 45- to 60-degree anterior oblique position
C) AP projection; external rotation
D) AP projection; internal rotation

Question 48

What is the relationship of the humeral epicondyles with the IR for the AP projection of the shoulder in external rotation?

A) Parallel
B) Perpendicular
C) From anatomic position, 45-degree medial rotation
D) From anatomic position, 45-degree lateral rotation

Question 49

Which clavicle projections and patient position are more comfortable for the patient with an injury to the clavicle?

A) PA and PA axial projections with patient in a recumbent position
B) AP and AP axial projections with patient in a recumbent position
C) Upright transthoracic lateral projection
D) Recumbent transthoracic lateral projection

Question 50

What are the proper patient instructions for the AP projection of the shoulder?

A) Stop breathing and do not move.
B) Breathe quietly and do not move.
C) Slow deep breaths and do not move.
D) Pant quickly and do not move.

Question 51

Which projection and position of the elbow demonstrates the radial head and capitulum without superimposition?

A) AP projection; anatomic position
B) AP oblique projection; 45-degree medial rotation position
C) AP oblique projection; 45-degree lateral rotation position
D) Lateral projection; lateral position

Question 52

Which projection and position demonstrates the coronoid process of the ulna without superimposition?

A) AP projection; anatomic position
B) AP oblique projection; 45-degree medial rotation position
C) AP oblique projection; 45-degree lateral rotation position
D) Lateral projection; lateral position

Question 53

What is the proper relationship of the humeral epicondyles with the IR for the lateral projection of the humerus?

A) Parallel
B) Perpendicular
C) From true anatomic position, 45-degree medial rotation
D) From true anatomic position, 45-degree lateral rotation

Question 54

What are the proper patient instructions for the transthoracic lateral projection of the shoulder?

A) Stop breathing and do not move.
B) Breathe slowly and deeply.
C) Pant quickly.
D) There are no patient instructions for this projection.

Question 55

What elbow anatomy is best demonstrated on the AP oblique projection in 45-degree medial rotation?

A) Radial head and capitulum
B) Superimposed humeral epicondyles and open elbow joint
C) Olecranon process in profile
D) Coronoid process of the ulna and the trochlea

Question 56

What anatomy is best demonstrated in the AP projection of the shoulder in internal rotation?

A) Greater tubercle of the humerus in profile
B) Lesser tubercle of the humerus in profile
C) Coracoid process free of superimposition
D) Acromion

Question 57

What specific anatomy is demonstrated without superimposition in the AP oblique projection in 45-degree lateral rotation?

A) Radial head and capitulum
B) Superimposed humeral epicondyles and open elbow joint
C) Olecranon process in profile
D) Coronoid process of the ulna and the trochlea

Question 58

What is the relationship of the humeral epicondyles with the IR for the AP projection of the shoulder in internal rotation?

A) Parallel
B) Perpendicular
C) From anatomic position, 45-degree medial rotation
D) From anatomic position, 45-degree lateral rotation

Question 59

Which of the following describes the proper method to position the humerus for an AP projection?

A) Upper limb adducted; elbow flexed; humeral epicondyles perpendicular to IR
B) Upper limb abducted; elbow extended; humeral epicondyles parallel to IR
C) Upper limb adducted; elbow extended; humeral epicondyles parallel to IR
D) Upper limb abducted; elbow flexed; humeral epicondyles perpendicular to IR

Question 60

Which projection of the shoulder demonstrates the glenohumeral joint with an open joint space and the glenoid process in profile?

A) AP projection with internal rotation
B) AP projection with external rotation
C) AP oblique projection (Grashey method)
D) PA oblique projection (Scapular Y)

Question 61

A fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head is called a _____ fracture.

A) Colles
B) boxer's
C) comminuted
D) Monteggia

Question 62

What is the name of the most common type of arthritis?

A) Osteoarthritis
B) Osteomyelitis
C) Tendonitis
D) Bursitis

Question 63

On the lateral projection of the scapula,what anatomy is best demonstrated when the patient's arm is positioned with the forearm behind the back with 90 degrees' flexion of the elbow?

A) Blade (body) of scapula
B) Upper portion of humerus
C) Greater tubercle in profile
D) Acromion and coracoid processes of scapula

Question 64

To demonstrate the blade (body)of the scapula,how should the patient's arm be positioned?

A) Patient's forearm behind back with elbow flexed 90 degrees
B) Humerus abducted to right angle from body
C) Arm positioned across chest
D) Humerus adducted with epicondyles positioned parallel to IR

Question 65

What is the proper patient position for the AP projection of the scapula?

A) Arm adducted so that humerus is parallel to MSP; elbow extended
B) Arm adducted so that humerus is perpendicular to MSP; elbow extended
C) Arm abducted so that humerus is parallel to MSP; elbow flexed 90 degrees
D) Arm abducted so that humerus is perpendicular to MSP; elbow flexed 90 degrees

Question 66

What term is used to denote inflammation of the bone,especially in the marrow,caused by a pathogenic organism?

A) Tendonitis
B) Fat pad sign
C) Osteoarthritis
D) Osteomyelitis

Question 67

What is the proper patient position for the lateral projection of the scapula in the upright position?

A) Anterior oblique body position with unaffected side closer to IR
B) Anterior oblique body position with affected side closer to IR
C) Posterior oblique body position with unaffected side closer to IR
D) Posterior oblique body position with affected side closer to IR

Question 68

Where does a Colles fracture occur?

A) In the scaphoid carpal bone
B) In the fifth metacarpal
C) In the AC joints
D) In the distal radius

Question 69

What term is applied to a common fracture of the fifth metacarpal?

A) Colles fracture
B) Compression fracture
C) Boxer's fracture
D) Monteggia fracture

Question 70

What is the required patient position for an AP projection of the AC joints?

A) Recumbent
B) Supine
C) Lateral recumbent
D) Upright

Question 71

Which portion of the humerus is most susceptible to fracture?

A) The greater tubercle
B) The shaft or body
C) The surgical neck
D) The distal portion just superior to the epicondyles

Question 72

Which of the following are required for a radiographic examination of the AC joints?
1) Patient examined in the upright position
2) Both sides imaged for comparison
3) Images made with and without weights

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 73

What is the advantage of imaging the clavicle using PA projections?

A) Increases patient comfort
B) Decreases patient exposure
C) Increases OID
D) Decreases OID

Question 74

Which carpal bone,if fractured,can have serious complications?

A) Scaphoid
B) Lunate
C) Pisiform
D) Capitate

Question 75

What is the purpose of radiographic examination of the AC joints?

A) To image the ligaments to check for rupture
B) To check the bones for erosion
C) To visualize the position of the bones as an indicator of ligament integrity
D) To visualize the position of the ligaments as an indicator of bone instability