Deck 26: Bone Densitometry

Question 1

Which of the following cells are responsible for building bone?

A) Osteotytes
B) Osteolytes
C) Osteoclasts
D) Osteoblasts

Answer 1

Osteoblasts

Question 2

What are the three basic methods to minimize radiation exposure?

A) Time, distance, shielding
B) Time, distance, monitoring
C) Time, exposure, monitoring
D) Time, exposure, shielding

Answer 2

Time, distance, shielding

Question 3

Which BMD measurement score indicates the number of SDs from the average BMD of young,normal,sex-matched individuals with peak bone mass?

A) T-score
B) W-score
C) V-score
D) Z-score

Answer 3

T-score

Question 4

What does BMD stand for,as it relates to osteoporosis testing?

A) Body mass determination
B) Bone mineral density
C) Bone muscle distribution
D) Biomass density

Question 5

Which BMD testing method is considered the "gold standard" for diagnosis and monitoring osteoporosis?

A) QUS
B) RA
C) SXA
D) DXA

Question 6

Scanner quality control to detect shift or drift is accomplished by imaging what object?

A) Phantom
B) Filter
C) Grid
D) Patient

Question 7

Which prime factor of x-ray production controls the quantity or intensity property?

A) mA
B) S
C) kVp
D) Filtration

Question 8

What is the purpose of vertebral fracture assessment (VFA)?

A) Measures bone density
B) Measures fatty tissue
C) Detects vertebral fractures
D) Detects hip fractures

Question 9

The FRAX® algorithm gives the ____-year probability of fracture.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 10

What is one advantage of vertebral fracture assessment over conventional x-ray?

A) Less radiation to patient
B) Faster scan time to patient
C) More comfortable for patient
D) More convenient for patient

Question 11

Which BMD measurement score indicates the number of SDs from the average BMD for the patient's respective age and sex group?

A) T-score
B) W-score
C) V-score
D) Z-score

Question 12

What type of patients should be used in a precision assessment?

A) Volunteers representative of the facility's patient population
B) Volunteers representative of the facility's employees
C) Volunteers representative of the facility's physicians
D) Volunteers representative of the facility's ancillary services

Question 13

What is the most important performance measure in following a patient's BMD over time?

A) Accuracy
B) Precision
C) T-score
D) Z-score

Question 14

Which prime factor of x-ray production controls the quality or penetrating property?

A) mA
B) mAs
C) S
D) kVP

Question 15

What are the two basic types of bone?

A) Cortical and trabecular
B) Cortical and compact
C) Trabecular and cancellous
D) Trabecular and os calcis

Question 16

When,during the day,should daily scanner QC be performed on a normally functioning scanner?

A) Before the first patient
B) Between each patient
C) Between every fifth patient
D) After the last patient only

Question 17

Primary type I osteoporosis is classified as:

A) premenopausal.
B) postmenopausal.
C) senile.
D) rheumatoid.

Question 18

DXA bone densitometry requires how many photon energy levels?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 19

What does the radiation protection principle ALARA stand for?

A) As long as reasonably allowed
B) As long as realistically achievable
C) As low as reasonably achievable
D) As low as realistically allowed

Question 20

Which of the following body parts are scanned when a central DXA is performed?

A) Lumbar spine and proximal femur
B) Knee and lumbar spine
C) Proximal femur and forearm
D) Forearm and lumbar spine

Question 21

When positioning a proximal femur,the patient's feet should always be:

A) straight.
B) pointed inward.
C) pointed outward.
D) oblique.

Question 22

Each operator should do a precision assessment after he or she has performed how many scans?

A) 50
B) 100
C) 150
D) 200

Question 23

Optimal forearm scan acquisition includes:

A) one row of carpal bones.
B) one row of metacarpal bones.
C) distal tibia.
D) distal fibula.

Question 24

Which of the following external landmarks are used for placement of the central ray of the proximal femur?

A) 7 to 8 cm below xiphoid process
B) 7 to 8 cm below greater trochanter
C) 7 to 8 cm above xiphoid process
D) 7 to 8 cm above greater trochanter

Question 25

What is the preferred region of interest when analyzing a forearm DXA scan?

A) Ultra-distal ulna
B) Ultra-distal radius
C) One-third (33%) ulna
D) One-third (33%) radius

Question 26

Which of the following variant anatomy can result in falsely elevated BMD on lumbar spine DXA scans?

A) Scoliosis
B) Kyphosis
C) Lordosis
D) Spina bifida

Question 27

What are the two regions of interest for a DXA scan of the proximal femur?

A) Femoral neck and total hip
B) Femoral neck and total femur
C) Femoral head and greater trochanter
D) Greater trochanter and ischium

Question 28

What are the regions of interest for a lumbar spine DXA scan?

A) T12 through L3
B) L1 through L4
C) L1 through L5
D) L2 through L5

Question 29

What positioning aid is typically used during lumbar spine DXA scanning?

A) Positioning leg block
B) Positioning spine block
C) Gonad shielding
D) Measuring calipers

Question 30

When scanning a lumbar spine,what is one of the external landmarks used for placement of the central ray?

A) 2 cm below the greater trochanter
B) 2 cm below the iliac crest
C) 2 cm above the xiphoid process
D) 2 cm below the xiphoid process