Deck 8: Issues in Policing

Question 1

What case did the U.S.Supreme Court hold that deadly force may be used to prevent an escape of a known offender if the officer's life,or the lives of others around them,are at imminent risk?

A) Maryland v. King
B) California v. Acevedo
C) Tennessee v. Garner
D) Berghuis v. Thompkins

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Stop-and-frisk practices were upheld by the decision in what case?

A) Carroll v. United States
B) Terry v. New York
C) Terry v. Ohio
D) Mapp v. Ohio

Answer 2

C

Question 3

_________ identified two categories of police corruption.

A) Ethical Challenges and Corruption Commission
B) Knack Commission
C) New York Corruption Commission
D) None of these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the implication of occupational stress on the lives of police officers?

A) Experiences with intimacy
B) Burnout
C) Use of force
D) All of these

Question 5

The legitimacy of the police is dependent on how officers deploy their power and authority is referred to as _________.

A) proper justice
B) procedural justice
C) appropriate justice
D) legitimate justice

Question 6

With regard to automobile searches,if someone is pulled over for a lawful traffic stop and placed under arrest,then the police can search a vehicle without a warrant if they have probable cause to arrest the occupants of the vehicle and if they have probable cause that the car contains illegal items.This is known as the Carroll doctrine and based on what court case?

A) United States v. Chadwick
B) Rhode Island v. Innis
C) California v. Acevedo
D) None of these

Question 7

In 2014,New York Police showed that a reduction of stop and frisk had what effect on their violent crime rate?

A) It increased
B) it stayed the same
C) It decreased
D) It fluctuated

Question 8

In what case did the exclusionary rule establish that,if evidence is obtained outside of the context of a warrant,such items must be excluded and cannot be used against someone in a court of law?

A) Mapp v. Ohio
B) United States v. Chadwick
C) California v. Acevedo
D) Terry v. Ohio

Question 9

Which of the following cases challenged the 1966 U.S.Supreme Court decision in Miranda v.Arizona?

A) Berghuis v. Thompkins
B) California v. Acevedo
C) Terry v. Ohio
D) All of these

Question 10

What is not one of the four listed ways ethical dilemmas can occur?

A) Duty
B) Discretion
C) Deliberation
D) Corruption

Question 11

An ethical dilemma occurs when an officer _________.

A) is unsure about the right path of action
B) when following the right path is difficult
C) when the wrong path becomes tempting to the officer
D) all of these

Question 12

Stop-and-frisk policies allow for police to use their discretion to briefly detain an individual if they believe that they may be engaging in illegal behavior and pat down their exterior clothing if they believe that they may have _____________.

A) stolen property
B) drug paraphernalia
C) weapon
D) all of these

Question 13

According to the Gallup Poll Data on Racial Profiling,what year experienced the highest rate of Blacks reporting unfair treatment by the police?

A) 2001
B) 2004
C) 2002
D) 2007

Question 14

Which case held that the collection of DNA from an individual following a lawful arrest is constitutional?

A) Berghuis v. Thompkins
B) Maryland v. King
C) Tennessee v. Garner
D) California v. Acevedo

Question 15

In policing,discretion allows for officers to determine _________.

A) when to stop an individual
B) that they can use excessive force
C) specific policies dictating how they should respond
D) when they are allowed to make decisions based on race or ethnicity

Question 16

Indirect evidence that is obtained within the context of the exclusionary rule is known as the ________.

A) Carroll doctrine
B) good faith exception
C) probable cause
D) fruit of the poisoned tree doctrine

Question 17

An emergency exception to the warrant requirement may be exercised if ___________.

A) consent is not given but police believe you are acting nervous
B) police illegally stop you but see drug paraphernalia in your passenger seat
C) police believe someone will be harmed if they wait for a warrant
D) none of these

Question 18

Which type of force involves the use of restraining substances,such as pepper spray or mace?

A) Physical force
B) Impact force
C) Electronic force
D) None of these

Question 19

The act which required that any adult that is arrested for a federal crime must provide a DNA sample was the __________.

A) DNA Fingerprint Act of 2002
B) DNA Fingerprint Act of 2003
C) DNA Fingerprint Act of 2004
D) none of these

Question 20

_______ suggests that the corruption of a select few individuals can in turn shed a negative light on a department.

A) Meat-eater theory
B) Fruit of the poison tree theory
C) Rotten apple theory
D) Grass-eater theory

Question 21

Which one of these is not seen as a reason officers should not be required to wear body cameras?

A) Protects officers from claims of misuse of power
B) Issues of privacy
C) Reduces the proactive approach of officers
D) Limits of technology

Question 22

If evidence is obtained outside of the context of a warrant,such items must be excluded and cannot be used against someone in a court of law.

Question 23

What strategy would best prevent officers from engaging in racial profiling as well as protecting them from fabricated claims of discrimination?

A) A witnesses present who could testify that the officer did not engage in racial profiling.
B) Policies that would prohibit racial profiling.
C) Police officers wearing a body cam.
D) Guided procedures that mandate how officers should carry out traffic stops.

Question 24

________ occurs when officers fail to make good ethical decisions (generally around the abuse of their authority as an officer)and the results of their actions lead to personal gain.

A) Corruption
B) Perjury
C) Mooching
D) Shakedowns

Question 25

Excessive use of force is defined as "the application of amount and/or frequency of force equal to or greater than required to compel compliance from a willing or unwilling subject."

Question 26

Hispanic Drivers were more likely that White or Black drivers to be ticketed.

Question 27

__________ shows empirical research has provided overwhelming support for the idea that police officers have a great deal of discretion in how they deal with a citizen's conduct and that both legal (seriousness of the crime,past criminal history,etc.)and extralegal (race,class,gender,etc.)criteria can influence the outcomes of police-citizen encounters.

A) Brown (2005)
B) Liederbach et al. (2007)
C) Worden (1989)
D) American Civil Liberties Union (2014)

Question 28

Data indicate that communities of color tend to have a high number of negative contacts with the police,and suggest that these experiences can threaten the legitimacy of the police for certain communities.

Question 29

_________ is the decision to act,or not to act,based on an individual police officer's judgment regarding the best course of action to take in any given situation.

A) Probable Cause
B) Police Transparency
C) Police Discretion
D) Ethical Dilemma

Question 30

What is the benefit of requiring police to use body worn cameras?

A) Instruction and training
B) Preventing police misconduct
C) Protect officers from false claims of misuse of power
D) All of these

Question 31

The poison tree theory suggests that the corruption of a select few individuals can in turn shed a negative light on a department.

Question 32

What is one of the two categories of corruption that was identified by the Knapp Commission?

A) Grass-eaters
B) Plant-eaters
C) Animal-eaters
D) Leaf-eaters

Question 33

While the decision in Whren v.United States (1996)permitted the police to stop motorists and search their vehicles if they had probable cause that the drivers were transporting contraband such as illegal drugs or weapons ___________.

A) it also gave officers permission to stop motorists based on their race
B) it also gave officers permission to stop motorists based on their ethnicity
C) it also gave officers permission to stop motorists based on their race and ethnicity
D) none of these

Question 34

United States v.Chadwick held that there is the same expectation of privacy in an automobile compared to a residence.

Question 35

A typical day of a police officer is rather exciting.

Question 36

Reasonable suspicion means that an officer believes that an offense has been (or is about to be)committed.

Question 37

If the police act in accordance with the law,but make an unintended error,then the evidence can still be used.This is referred to as _________.

A) the good faith exception
B) probable cause
C) the exclusionary rule
D) the fruit of the poison tree

Question 38

Which is not listed as a positive coping strategy for occupational stress?

A) Bonuses
B) Mentorship
C) Counseling
D) Training

Question 39

In Mapp v.Ohio,the Court held that the search,given the context of the officer's observations,was reasonable and therefore,the search was committed legally.

Question 40

All 50 states,plus the District of Columbia,Puerto Rico,and the Federal Government submit their data to the Combined DNA Index System,or CODIS.

Question 41

Of categories of police corruption,identified by the New York City Police Department investigation in the 1970s,meat-eaters were considered more dangerous.

Question 42

What protections are provided under the fourth amendment?

Question 43

Impact force involves the use of physical restraint techniques such as wrist locks,bodily force,and chokeholds.

Question 44

Explain the two types of corruption identified by the Knapp Commission.Provide one example of each.

Question 45

What are the sources of occupational stress for police officers?

Question 46

What is probable cause?

Question 47

What is corruption? What are the most common forms of corruption?

Question 48

What is the rotten apple theory?

Question 49

In Tennessee v.Garner the U.S.Supreme Court held that deadly force may be used to prevent an escape of a known offender if the officer's life,or the lives of others around them,are at imminent risk.

Question 50

What is the exclusionary rule? What is its purpose?

Question 51

What is the difference between physical force and impact force? Provide one example of each.

Question 52

What is discretion and how can it be problematic?

Question 53

What are the major implications occupational stress has on the lives of police officers?

Question 54

Research indicates that race can indirectly impact the levels of community satisfaction with the police.

Question 55

What are two circumstances described in the text in which police may search without a warrant?

Question 56

What is the difference between chemical force and electronic force? Provide one example of each.

Question 57

As a police officer,you are expected to be honest in your interactions with the public as well as fellow officers or other criminal justice professionals.

Question 58

What is racial profiling?

Question 59

What is the background and significance of Miranda v.Arizona?

Question 60

What is excessive force? How common does it occur?

Question 61

Why is racial profiling a problem?

Question 62

Should officers be required to wear body cameras?

Question 63

How can lawsuits against police departments lead to policy changes?

Question 64

The police have a warrant to search apartment 162 W.Main St.for drug paraphernalia.They go there,see 162 A,go in,and seize the drugs found there.What are the problems here,and how will they likely be resolved?

Question 65

Why is police officer stress an issue that everyone should be concerned with?

Question 66

If police officers are required to wear body cameras,should the public view the video footage?

Question 67

What are the five different types of force? Give an example of each.

Question 68

How can police establish credibility?

Question 69

List and explain three exceptions to the warrant requirement.

Question 70

How can agencies reduce racial profiling?

Question 71

What is needed to obtain a warrant?