Deck 13: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

These early institutions focused not only on young offenders,but also on children whose parents were unable to care for them due to disease,neglect,or death.

A) House of refuge
B) Reform school
C) Detention center
D) All of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

This is probably the single most important piece of legislation in juvenile justice.It did a great deal to separate delinquent from nondelinquent juveniles and to emphasize working with juveniles outside of institutions.

A) Roper v. Simmons (2005)
B) Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention Act (1974)
C) Juvenile Substance Abuse Act (2000)
D) Juvenile Super Predator Act (2010)

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In this landmark case,the Supreme Court ruled that mandatory life without the possibility of parole sentences for juveniles in homicide cases is unconstitutional.

A) Breed v. Jones
B) Roper v. Simmons
C) Graham v. Florida
D) Miller v. Alabama

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In this landmark case,the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles cannot be tried for the same case in both the juvenile court and the criminal court.

A) Breed v. Jones
B) Roper v. Simmons
C) Graham v. Florida
D) Miller v. Alabama

Question 5

In this landmark case,the Supreme Court ruled that the execution of individuals under the age of 18 is a violation of the eighth amendment.

A) Breed v. Jones
B) Roper v. Simmons
C) Graham v. Florida
D) Miller v. Alabama

Question 6

This is the term for an act committed by a juvenile that would not be considered a crime if committed by an adult such as running away,truancy,and disregarding parental authority.

A) Delinquent act
B) Status offense
C) youthful crime
D) Dependency

Question 7

In this landmark case,the Supreme Court ruled that the burden of proof for juvenile adjudication hearings must be beyond a reasonable doubt.

A) In re Winship
B) In re Gualt
C) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
D) Kent v. U.S.

Question 8

In this landmark case,the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles do not have the constitutional right to a jury.

A) In re Winship
B) In re Gualt
C) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
D) Kent v. U.S.

Question 9

In this landmark case,the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for nonhomicide crimes.

A) Breed v. Jones
B) Roper v. Simmons
C) Graham v. Florida
D) Miller v. Alabama

Question 10

This is the term for a juvenile that has committed an act that,if they were an adult,would be a crime.

A) Delinquent act
B) Status offense
C) Youthful crime
D) Dependency

Question 11

In this landmark case,the Supreme Court ruled that to waive jurisdiction without a hearing was a violation of the U.S.Constitution.This finding was significant as it was the first time that the structure of the juvenile court was successfully challenged by the Court.In many ways,this decision provided the foundation for subsequent cases to fight for the due process rights for juveniles.

A) In re Winship
B) In re Gualt
C) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
D) Kent v. U.S.

Question 12

In juvenile justice,this term refers to the trial.

A) Intake
B) Adjudication
C) Disposition
D) Commitment

Question 13

In juvenile justice,this term refers to the sentence.

A) Intake
B) Adjudication
C) Disposition
D) Commitment

Question 14

In this landmark case,the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles must be informed of their right to remain silent,have the right to attorney (including having one provided for them if they cannot afford one),have the right to a reasonable notice of the charges against them,and have the right to confront and cross examine witnesses.

A) In re Winship
B) In re Gualt
C) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
D) Kent v. U.S.

Question 15

This state created what is considered to be the first juvenile court in the United States.

A) Massachusetts
B) Illinois
C) Indiana
D) Florida

Question 16

The Society for Prevention of Pauperism established the first house of refuge in _______.

A) Massachusetts
B) Illinois
C) New York
D) Pennsylvania

Question 17

This is a Latin phrase which serves as the basis for authority of the juvenile court in the United States.It means to do what is in the best interest of the child.

A) Parens patriae
B) Parens precipitate
C) State patriae
D) State precipitate

Question 18

In juvenile justice,this is the term for what would be called parole in adult court.

A) Institutionalization
B) Commitment
C) Release
D) Aftercare

Question 19

This is when the first juvenile court was created.

A) 1890
B) 1899
C) 1910
D) 1950

Question 20

_________ cases involve youth who have been harmed or neglected by their parents.

A) Delinquent act
B) Status offense
C) Crime
D) Dependency

Question 21

If a youth is adjudicated delinquent,the court holds an adjudicatory hearing to determine the plan of action for the case.

Question 22

Parens patriae translates to "the best interests of the child."

Question 23

The first juvenile court was established in New York in 1899.

Question 24

The juvenile court has jurisdiction over two types of cases: delinquency and dependency.

Question 25

In 1974,Congress passed the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA).Which of the following is inaccurate about this act?

A) It created the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
B) It called for a deinstitutionalization of status offenders
C) It provided mandates to remove youth from adult lockup facilities
D) All of these are accurate

Question 26

In a _________,the juvenile court must hold a hearing to assess whether the youth could still benefit from the resources available to the juvenile court.

A) judicial waiver
B) legislative waiver
C) prosecutorial waiver
D) formal waiver

Question 27

Unlike adults that are arrested,juveniles enter the system through the ______ branch.

A) intake
B) adjudication
C) disposition
D) waiver

Question 28

A ___________ occurs when a case involving youths of a particular age,combined with a specific category of offense (usually involving serious and violent felonies)are automatically sent to criminal court.

A) judicial waiver
B) legislative waiver
C) prosecutorial waiver
D) formal waiver

Question 29

A __________ means that the youth did not commit a new crime,rather they were punished for breaking the terms and conditions of their community supervision.

A) recidivism violation
B) informal violation
C) formal violation
D) technical violation

Question 30

The juvenile justice process essentially involves three stages: intake,adjudication,and disposition.

Question 31

The term pauperism means "undeserving poor."

Question 32

Unlike issues such as crime or poverty,_________ was seen as the "undeserving poor," meaning that they were poor because there were dishonest,lazy,and manipulative individuals.

A) refuge
B) pauperism
C) reform
D) patriae

Question 33

Truancy is a delinquent act for a juvenile.

Question 34

Running away from home is a status offense for a juvenile.

Question 35

Dependency cases involve youth who have been harmed or neglected by their parents.

Question 36

In a ___________,it is up to the prosecutor to decide whether to file the case in the juvenile court or in the criminal court.

A) judicial waiver
B) legislative waiver
C) prosecutorial waiver
D) formal waiver

Question 37

A juvenile __________ is when a case is transferred to the adult criminal court for processing.

A) referral
B) waiver
C) disposition
D) transfer

Question 38

______ custody means that the court is now responsible for all the decisions made about the child.

A) Dependent
B) Legal
C) Physical
D) Formal

Question 39

The House of Refuge was formed in Chicago in 1825.

Question 40

In the past 15 years,the number of youth in custody has _______.

A) decreased
B) remained stable
C) increased
D) significantly increased

Question 41

Explain the developments leading to the creation of the first juvenile court.

Question 42

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (1974)requires that states address issues of disproportionate minority contact of youth of color at all stages of the juvenile justice process.

Question 43

Explain the background and significance of Breed v.Jones (1975).

Question 44

Can a juvenile be sentenced to death? Explain the history behind why this is or is not the case.

Question 45

Can a juvenile be sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole (LWOP)? Use the relative Supreme Court Cases to support your answer.

Question 46

In the case of Kent v.U.S.,the Supreme court ruled that juveniles are entitled to due process rights including notification of charges,protection against self incrimination,and the right to attorney.

Question 47

Explain the background and significance of Kent v.U.S.(1966).

Question 48

Define and provide one example of a delinquent act.

Question 49

Explain the background and significance of McKiever v.Pennsylvania (1971).

Question 50

Describe and provide one example of a judicial waiver.

Question 51

Define and provide one example of a status offense.

Question 52

Explain the background and significance of In re Gualt (1967).

Question 53

Diversion allows for a youth to complete a set of requirements in lieu of being processed by the juvenile court.

Question 54

Explain the background and significance of In re Winship (1970).

Question 55

What is a dispositional hearing?

Question 56

Describe and provide one example of a legislative waiver.

Question 57

In the case of McKeiver v.Pennsylvania,the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles have a right to a trial by jury.

Question 58

Define and provide one example of a dependency case.

Question 59

In a judicial waiver,cases involving youths of a particular age,combined with a specific category of offense were automatically sent to criminal court.

Question 60

What is the intake process?

Question 61

Should juvenile courts be abolished? Explain your answer citing at least one counterargument and countering that argument.

Question 62

Should juveniles receive capital punishment? Support your answer.

Question 63

Describe the stages in a juvenile court.

Question 64

Describe the demographics of juvenile offenders.

Question 65

Discuss the different forms of placement for juveniles.

Question 66

How did the juvenile justice system change over time?

Question 67

Note and describe the two different types of cases that juvenile courts hear.Provide an example of each.

Question 68

Explain how changes in the broader goals of punishment impacted the juvenile justice system.

Question 69

Explain the differences between the different types of juvenile waivers.

Question 70

Select two of the following cases,and explain their significance to the juvenile justice system:
Kent v.U.S.(1966)
In re Gault (1967)
In re Winship (1970)
Breed v.Jones (1975)

Question 71

Compare and contrast the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system.

Question 72

Discuss how the Court's view on juvenile capital punishment has changed.Cite relevant court cases.

Question 73

Is juvenile crime increasing or decreasing? Support your answer.

Question 74

Discuss how juveniles obtained due process rights and the cases that provided them with those rights.