Deck 2: Evolution of Clinical Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true of Philippe Pinel?

A)Pinel helped to establish compassionate treatment of the mentally ill in England.
B)Pinel advocated for institution staff to record a patient's case history and ongoing treatment notes.
C)Pinel wrote Treatise on Insanity,in which he argued for empathy for the mentally ill.
D)Pinel created institutions where patients were given healthy food and kind treatment.

Answer 1

Pinel helped to establish compassionate treatment of the mentally ill in England.

Question 2

Emil Kraepelin

A)is considered a pioneer in the diagnosis of mental illness.
B)authored an objective personality test that remains widely used among clinical psychologists today.
C)created the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
D)argued for humane treatment of the mentally ill in France.

Answer 2

is considered a pioneer in the diagnosis of mental illness.

Question 3

In 1800s Europe,mental illness was initially placed in one of two categories: _____,psychiatric symptoms,or _____,breaks from reality.

A)neuroses,psychoses
B)psychoses,neuroses
C)exogenous disorders,endogenous disorders
D)endogenous disorders,exogenous disorders

Answer 3

neuroses,psychoses

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Each edition of the DSM has included fewer pages and diagnoses than the previous edition.
B)Specific diagnostic criteria have been a characteristic of the DSM since its first edition.
C)DSM-II introduced a multiaxial diagnostic system.
D)DSM-5,published in May 2013,is the most recent version of the manual.

Question 5

Lightner Witmer originally defined clinical psychology as related to the disciplines of _____.

A)philosophy and pathology
B)sociology,physiology,and communication sciences
C)medicine,education,and social work
D)psychiatry and anthropology

Question 6

The first psychological clinic was founded by

A)Lightner Witmer.
B)Wilhelm Wundt.
C)James McKeen Cattell.
D)William Tuke.

Question 7

James receives his doctorate in psychology in the late 1800s.Upon graduation,he is most likely to find employment as

A)a clinician providing psychotherapy.
B)a clinician conducting psychological assessments.
C)a lecturer at a professional school of psychology that trains the next generation of practitioners.
D)a researcher in an academic setting.

Question 8

_____'s work directly resulted in the establishment of more than 30 state institutions for the mentally ill throughout the United States.

A)William Tuke
B)Philippe Pinel
C)Eli Todd
D)Dorthea Dix

Question 9

_____,a term coined by Emil Kraepelin,described a cluster of symptoms similar to what is now known as schizophrenia.

A)Dementia praecox
B)Paranoia
C)Depressive psychosis
D)Cyclothymic personality

Question 10

The discipline of clinical psychology did not come into existence until

A)around the turn of the 19ᵗʰ century.
B)around the turn of the 20ᵗʰ century.
C)the 1950s.
D)the 1980s.

Question 11

Eli Todd is most notable for

A)creating an inkblot personality test that is still used by many clinical psychologists.
B)advocating for humane treatment of the mentally ill in the United States.
C)coining the term clinical psychology.
D)creating the first widely used test of intelligence.

Question 12

Emil Kraepelin's two-category system of mental illness included _____,disorders caused by external factors,and _____,disorders caused by internal factors.

A)neuroses,psychoses
B)psychoses,neuroses
C)exogenous disorders,endogenous disorders
D)endogenous disorders,exogenous disorders

Question 13

The _____,a residential treatment center for the mentally ill in England,served as a model for humane treatment facilities that subsequently opened throughout Europe and the United States.

A)Pinel Institute
B)Hartford Retreat
C)York Retreat
D)Todd Institute

Question 14

The DSM is published by the

A)American Psychological Association.
B)National Association of Social Workers.
C)American Psychotherapy Association.
D)American Psychiatric Association.

Question 15

The journal founded by Lightner Witmer was titled

A)Treatment of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders.
B)The Psychological Clinic.
C)Behavior Change.
D)Psychology and Cognition.

Question 16

_____ was an early pioneer in the field of mental health who advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill in France.

A)Eli Todd
B)Edward Lee Thorndike
C)Phillippe Pinel
D)Hermann Rorschach

Question 17

_____ is credited with the first known publication in which the term clinical psychology was used.

A)Wilhelm Wundt
B)Lightner Witmer
C)Emil Kraepelin
D)Edward Lee Throndike

Question 18

At the first psychological clinic,the patients were primarily

A)children with school-related problems.
B)adults with personality disorders.
C)children and adults with depression.
D)couples experiencing relationship problems.

Question 19

_____ was an early pioneer in the field of mental health who advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill in England.

A)William Tuke
B)Phillippe Pinel
C)Eli Todd
D)Henry Murray

Question 20

The first edition of the DSM was published in _____.

A)1896
B)1926
C)1952
D)1980

Question 21

From roughly 1900 to 1950,the treatment of mental illness

A)did not exist.
B)was conducted primarily by clinical psychologists.
C)was conducted primarily by physicians.
D)was conducted primarily by counseling psychologists.

Question 22

_____,more than any other activity,characterized clinical psychology during the earliest years of the profession.

A)Cognitive psychotherapy
B)Behavioral psychotherapy
C)Motivational interviewing
D)Assessment of intelligence

Question 23

June believes there is one general intelligence that overlaps with many abilities.Which of the following theorists is most likely to agree with June?

A)Edward Lee Thorndike
B)Charles Spearman
C)Alfred Binet
D)Lewis Terman

Question 24

In the early 1900s,_____ created a test of intelligence to help the French school system determine if students should qualify for special services.

A)Lewis Terman
B)David Wechsler
C)Alfred Binet
D)Harland Stanford

Question 25

Currently,the most popular singular psychotherapy orientation among clinical psychologists is the _________ orientation.

A)behavioral
B)cognitive
C)psychodynamic
D)humanistic

Question 26

_____ are the authors of the TAT.

A)Christiana Morgan and Henry Murray
B)Lewis Terman and Alfred Binet
C)Edward Thorndike and Charles Spearman
D)Herman Rorschach and James Cattell

Question 27

Which approach to psychotherapy that arose in the 20ᵗʰ century emphasized empirical methodology and the study and treatment of measurable,observable symptoms?

A)Psychodynamic
B)Behavioral
C)Humanistic
D)Cognitive

Question 28

_____ is a proposed criteria set in the current DSM that involves cutting,burning,or otherwise intentionally hurting one's own body without the intent to kill oneself.

A)Internet gaming disorder
B)Attenuated psychosis syndrome
C)Persistent complex bereavement
D)Nonsuicidal self-injury

Question 29

The current edition of the DSM contains "proposed criteria sets." These sets are

A)descriptions of proposed disorders that may become official disorders in a future DSM edition.
B)lists of disorders that will be eliminated in a future version of the DSM.
C)diagnostic aids to assist clinicians in distinguishing between disorders with similar presentations.
D)a new classification system for personality disorders.

Question 30

Psychotherapy began to play a significant role in the history of clinical psychology around _____.

A)1900-1910
B)1940-1950
C)1970-1980
D)1990-2000

Question 31

At the 1896 convention of the American Psychological Association,when Lightner Witmer encouraged his colleagues to "throw light upon the problems that confront humanity," he meant that they should

A)develop a diagnostic manual.
B)open psychological clinics.
C)convince local politicians to improve the conditions of inpatient facilities for the seriously mentally ill.
D)organize and lobby for the right to prescribe medication.

Question 32

The _____ has patients tell stories in response to cards that depict interpersonal scenes.

A)Rorschach Inkblot Method
B)Thematic Apperception Test
C)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
D)Wechsler Adult Story Scale

Question 33

_____ tests assume that people reveal their personalities by their responses to ambiguous stimuli,while _____ tests offer straightforward scoring and interpretation guidelines and are often in multiple-choice or true-false format.

A)Projective intelligence,objective intelligence
B)Objective intelligence,projective intelligence
C)Projective personality,objective personality
D)Objective personality,projective personality

Question 34

The result of the Boulder conference was an agreement among clinical psychology training directors that

A)PhD clinical psychology training should focus on clinical practice.
B)research was the most essential facet of PhD clinical psychology training.
C)both practice and research were important parts of PhD clinical psychology training.
D)PhD clinical psychology training standards should be revised at least every 10 years.

Question 35

The MMPI

A)is an objective test of personality.
B)was created prior to the Rorschach Inkblot test.
C)is a projective test of personality.
D)is modeled after the Thematic Apperception Test.

Question 36

Which of the following assessment methods was created most recently?

A)MMPI
B)Thematic Apperception Test
C)NEO-PI-R
D)Rorschach Inkblot Method

Question 37

The Rorschach Inkblot Method is best identified as

A)a projective intelligence test.
B)an objective intelligence test.
C)a projective personality test.
D)an objective personality test.

Question 38

David Wechsler created

A)an inkblot test of personality.
B)a popular objective questionnaire measuring symptoms of depression.
C)a test of intelligence.
D)the MMPI.

Question 39

The historic Boulder conference took place in _____.

A)1896
B)1921
C)1949
D)1969

Question 40

Clinical psychology's major contribution to World War I was

A)the creation of tests to measure the intelligence of recruits.
B)treatment for returning veterans with "shell shock."
C)development of effective interrogation techniques.
D)coaching of newly trained fighter pilots.

Question 41

Briefly explain the fundamental differences between projective personality tests (e.g. ,Rorschach,TAT)and objective personality tests (e.g. ,MMPI,MMPI-2,and NEO-PI-R).

Question 42

Briefly summarize three of the ways in which war has influenced the history of clinical psychology.

Question 43

Briefly explain how the size and scope of the DSM have changed since its original edition.

Question 44

What population and what problems were addressed in the first psychological clinic?

Question 45

What historical event elevated psychotherapy to become one of the most common activities of clinical psychologists?

Question 46

What organization is the author of the DSM-5?

Question 47

David Wechsler is most famous for creating _____.

Question 48

Internet gaming disorder,attenuated psychosis syndrome,persistent complex bereavement,and nonsuicidal self-injury are discussed in the text as "proposed criteria sets" in DSM-5.First,explain what is meant by proposed criteria sets.Second,select one of the disorders and briefly describe its symptoms.

Question 49

The Rorschach Inkblot Method and the Thematic Apperception Test are both examples of _____.

Question 50

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is an example of a(n)_____ personality test.

Question 51

What historical event led psychologists to create the Army Alpha and Beta intelligence tests?

Question 52

Who founded the first psychological clinic?

Question 53

Who is considered the "father of descriptive psychiatry?"