Deck 3: Current Controversies in Clinical Psychology

Question 1

Advantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include

A)an increase in unique,idiosyncratic forms of therapy created by individual psychotherapists.
B)increased reliance on the clinical judgment of each psychotherapist.
C)the establishment of minimal levels of competence for the field.
D)enhanced autonomy for clinicians as they deliver psychotherapy services.

Answer 1

the establishment of minimal levels of competence for the field.

Question 2

An example of a manualized psychotherapy with empirical evidence for its efficacy is

A)exposure plus response prevention for bulimia.
B)exposure plus response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder.
C)dialectical behavior therapy for depression.
D)dialectical behavior therapy for antisocial personality disorder.

Answer 2

exposure plus response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder.

Question 3

The use of technology,particularly the Internet,by clinical psychologists is often referred to as _____.

A)conference therapy
B)digital therapy
C)cybertherapy
D)techpsychology

Answer 3

cybertherapy

Question 4

A book entitled A Guide to Treatments That Work was published in _____ and represented a significant step in the _____ movement.

A)1960,humanistic psychotherapy
B)1990,prescription privileges
C)1998,evidence-based practice
D)2005,psychotherapy via videoconferencing

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Most health insurance and managed care companies will pay for psychotherapy whether or not the therapist assigns a DSM diagnosis to the client.
B)Recent surveys of psychologists have indicated that the way a client is diagnosed is affected by the client's method of payment.
C)Studies refute the idea that psychologists' diagnostic decisions are influenced by how a client pays for therapy.
D)Most managed care companies will pay for psychotherapy even if a client does not receive a DSM diagnosis;however,health insurance companies require a diagnosis.

Question 6

Opponents of prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite all of the following EXCEPT _____ as support for their argument.

A)the need for further training during or after graduate school
B)the possibility that the practice of psychotherapy would decline
C)professional autonomy and identification for clinical psychologists
D)questions about the type and length of required training

Question 7

Currently,_____ have passed legislation that grants prescription privileges to appropriately trained psychologists.

A)all 50 states
B)31 states
C)3 states
D)no states

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of prescription privileges for clinical psychologists?

A)Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists have made the argument that other nonphysicians have been granted prescription privileges.
B)The American Society for the Advancement of Pharmacotherapy was created,in part,to promote prescription privileges for psychologists.
C)Psychopharmacology training programs are available for psychologists in the U.S.military.
D)Missouri,New Mexico,and Alabama currently allow appropriately trained clinical psychologists to prescribe.

Question 9

Some studies of manualized therapy have found that therapists who demonstrate flexibility while using a manual

A)produce better client outcomes and are more successful in getting clients engaged in therapy.
B)produce worse client outcomes and are less successful in getting clients engaged in therapy.
C)cause irreparable harm to clients.
D)are subject to malpractice lawsuits.

Question 10

_____'s 1950s assertion that therapy had no positive outcome helped to jumpstart what has evolved into the evidence-based practice movement.

A)Raymond Cattell
B)Hans Eysenck
C)William F.Buckley
D)Patrick H.DeLeon

Question 11

Websites such as psychologicaltreatments.org and effectivechildtherapy.org best illustrate

A)the continued growth of and focus on evidence-based practice in clinical psychology.
B)the ever-increasing presence of the Internet in individuals' lives.
C)a trend toward providing psychotherapy services online,rather than in person.
D)the APA's commitment to release all of its major publications online.

Question 12

Based on current reviews and meta-analyses,we can say that cybertherapy generally appears to work

A)about as well as in-person forms of psychotherapy.
B)far worse than in-person forms of psychotherapy.
C)far better than in-person forms of psychotherapy.
D)We cannot compare cybertherapy and in-person psychotherapy because no studies exist on this topic.

Question 13

The number of health insurance/managed care companies that pay for psychotherapy services has

A)decreased since the earliest days of psychotherapy.
B)remained constant throughout the history of psychotherapy.
C)increased since the earliest days of psychotherapy.
D)not yet occurred,but is expected to begin within the next decade.

Question 14

Robert is paying for psychotherapy services with his health insurance.Anne is paying for psychotherapy services out-of-pocket (i.e. ,with a personal check).Robert is told by his clinical psychologist,Dr.Honores,that he has "several symptoms associated with depression." Anne receives the same diagnostic information.Based on your textbook's discussion of current controversies,which of the following is MOST likely to occur?

A)Robert will receive a formal diagnosis of major depressive disorder;Anne will not.
B)Anne will receive a formal diagnosis of major depressive disorder;Robert will not.
C)Both Robert and Anne will receive a formal diagnosis of major depressive disorder.
D)Neither Robert nor Anne will receive a formal diagnosis of major depressive disorder.

Question 15

Disadvantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include

A)strengthening of the relationship or alliance between therapist and client.
B)the fact that many clients have relatively simple problems that easily fit into diagnostic categories.
C)restriction of clinicians to use only empirically supported treatments.
D)irrefutable criteria for determining which treatments should be identified as empirically supported.

Question 16

Patrick DeLeon,Morgan Sammons,and Robert McGrath are best known as advocates

A)for evidence-based psychotherapies.
B)for computer-based psychotherapies.
C)for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists.
D)against evidence-based psychotherapies.

Question 17

Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite _____ as support for their argument.

A)an excess of psychiatrists,especially in rural areas,
B)convenience for clients
C)the opportunity to work collaboratively with physicians
D)the ability to replace psychotherapy with medication

Question 18

The term evidence-based practice includes

A)the psychological treatment for a disorder.
B)factors related to the people providing and receiving the psychological service.
C)both the psychological treatment of a disorder and factors related to the people providing and receiving the psychological service.
D)neither the psychological treatment of a disorder nor factors related to the people providing and receiving the psychological service.

Question 19

Evidence-based practice has also been referred to as _____.

A)empirically researched interventions
B)empirically supported treatments
C)dialectical behavior therapy
D)exposure plus response prevention

Question 20

According to surveys of psychologists in private practice (e.g. ,Murphy et al. ,1998),managed care companies have

A)generally had a positive impact on the quality of psychotherapy they provide.
B)exerted too much control over clinical decisions.
C)had no effect on confidentiality issues.
D)allowed psychologists to provide appropriate,ethical services.

Question 21

_____ is the use of technology,particularly the Internet,by clinical psychologists to provide professional services.

Question 22

When psychotherapy outcome researchers seek clients on whom to conduct psychotherapy in a study,they typically seek clients who

A)are "textbook cases" of the diagnosis the therapy intends to treat.
B)are simultaneously taking medication for their psychological problems.
C)have advanced knowledge about psychological disorders.
D)have previous experience as "test subjects" in clinical research.

Question 23

Unlike the other 47 states,New Mexico,Louisiana,and Illinois grant _____ to appropriately trained psychologists.

Question 24

Compared to traditional,in-person forms of psychotherapy,how well does cybertherapy work?

Question 25

The first list of empirically supported treatments was published in _____.

A)1905
B)1935
C)1965
D)1995

Question 26

_____ stated (incorrectly)that psychotherapy does not work.

Question 27

List two advantages of evidence-based practice.

Question 28

List two disadvantages of evidence-based practice.

Question 29

In which of the following states do clinical psychologists currently have prescription privileges?

A)Missouri,Indiana,and Texas
B)New York,New Jersey,and Wisconsin
C)Oregon,Nevada,and California
D)Louisiana,New Mexico,and Illinois

Question 30

According to Cummings (2007),_____% of prescriptions written for psychoactive medications come from primary-care physicians.

A)under 10
B)30
C)50
D)over 80

Question 31

How can the way a client pays (out of pocket vs.managed care/health insurance)influence diagnosis?

Question 32

Define evidence-based practice.

Question 33

Briefly summarize two advantages of evidence-based practice and two disadvantages of evidence-based practice.

Question 34

In 1952,_____ made the (now refuted)claim that there was no proof that psychotherapy was efficacious.

A)Dianne Chambless
B)Hans Eysenck
C)John Watson
D)Lightner Witmer

Question 35

The first list of empirically validated treatments was published in _____.

Question 36

List two applications of technology in clinical psychology.

Question 37

Briefly summarize two arguments for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists and two arguments against prescription privileges for clinical psychologists.

Question 38

Guidelines regarding the use of new technologies by clinical psychologists include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Obtain informed consent from clients about the services they may receive,the technologies that may be used to provide them,and the confidentiality of the communication.
B)Ensure client confidentiality as much as possible by using encryption or similar methods.
C)Be knowledgeable about emergency resources in any community from which your clients may seek services.
D)Offer clients the option of using secure methods for conducting therapy sessions online.