Deck 7: Diagnosis and Classification Issues: DSM-5 and More

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a part of DSM-5's definition of a mental disorder?

A)It is clinically significant disturbance in cognition,emotion regulation,or behavior.
B)It is dysfunction in mental functioning.
C)It is usually associated with significant distress or disability.
D)It consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population.

Answer 1

It consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population.

Question 2

DSM-5 contains a list of "unofficial" disorders that are not yet diagnosable.In what section of DSM-5 are these proposed disorders listed?

A)Disorders for Further Consideration
B)Emerging Measures and Models?
C)Proposed Criteria Groups
D)Initial Disorders for Discovery

Answer 2

Emerging Measures and Models?

Question 3

DSM-III differed from its predecessors in all of the following significant ways EXCEPT that it

A)introduced a multiaxial diagnostic system.
B)listed specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders.
C)featured a greater reliance on empirical data rather than clinical consensus.
D)emphasized psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives.

Answer 3

emphasized psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives.

Question 4

The DSM is primarily authored by _____.

A)social workers
B)counselors
C)psychologists
D)psychiatrists

Question 5

According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders,when we try to determine what is abnormal,we should consider

A)scientific or evolutionary data,as well as social values that provide context for the behavior.
B)the social constructs that regulate behavior and thought.
C)cognitive contributions to irregular behaviors.
D)behavioral,as well as psychoanalytic,components of abnormality.

Question 6

The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology.This means that

A)each mental disorder is a by-product of a medical disorder centered in a part of the body other than the brain.
B)each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms.
C)medication is the only acceptable form of treatment for mental disorders.
D)psychotherapy cannot be expected to succeed unless it is accompanied by medication.

Question 7

During the late 1800s and early 1900s,the primary purpose of diagnostic categories was

A)the diagnosis of prisoners.
B)the collection of statistical and census data.
C)compliance with health insurance and managed care company policies.
D)to offer guidance toward particular forms of medication and psychotherapy.

Question 8

The harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders was developed by _____.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Jerome Wakefield
C)Emil Kraepelin
D)B)F.Skinner

Question 9

All editions of the DSM have been published by the _____.

A)American Psychiatric Association
B)American Psychological Association
C)American Psychological Society
D)American Counseling Association

Question 10

Disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome are not official diagnoses and are listed as _____ in DSM-5.

A)upcoming diagnoses
B)research disorders
C)proposed criteria sets
D)culture-bound syndromes

Question 11

Jerome Wakefield is the creator of the theory of _____.

A)harmful dysfunction
B)the unconscious
C)aberrant behavior
D)categorical disorders

Question 12

The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories that are:

A)psychoses,neuroses,and character disorders.
B)internalizing,externalizing,and mediating disorders.
C)primary,secondary,and tertiary disorders.
D)Freudian,Jungian,and undifferentiated disorders.

Question 13

DSM-III was published in _____.

A)1952
B)1968
C)1980
D)1994

Question 14

In the United States,what is the most up-to-date,prevailing diagnostic guide for mental health professionals?

A)International Classification of Diseases,9ᵗʰ Edition
B)International Classification of Diseases,10ᵗʰ Edition
C)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,5ᵗʰ Edition
D)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,6ᵗʰ Edition

Question 15

Hippocrates identified an imbalance in _____ as the source of abnormality.

A)the ego
B)spiritual harmony
C)bodily fluids
D)the unconscious

Question 16

Emil Kraepelin was a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders.Among the categories he identified were _____,which is similar to the current label of bipolar disorder,and _____,which is similar to the current label of schizophrenia.

A)manic-depressive psychosis,dementia praecox
B)anxiety neurosis,disorderly thought psychosis
C)dementia praecox,separation disorder
D)anxiety neurosis,separation disorder

Question 17

Attenuated psychosis syndrome

A)is not mentioned in the current DSM.
B)is listed as a proposed criteria set in the "Emerging Measures and Models" section of the current DSM.
C)is listed as an official disorder in the current DSM.
D)is included in the current DSM as a subtype of major depressive disorder.

Question 18

In the mid-1900s,_____ developed a classification system to treat World War II soldiers that had a significant influence on the creation of the first DSM.

A)NATO
B)the World Health Organization
C)the U.S.Army and Veterans' Administration
D)the European Psychiatric Association

Question 19

The first edition of the DSM was published in _____.

A)1914
B)1930
C)1952
D)1986

Question 20

DSM-I and DSM-II

A)were empirically based.
B)reflected a psychoanalytic orientation.
C)included lists of specific symptoms or criteria for each disorder.
D)offered significant generalizability and clinical utility.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Although many publications print the newest diagnostic manual's title as DSM-5,the correct printing requires a Roman numeral (DSM-V).
B)As with previous editions,the current edition of the DSM instructs clinicians to provide multiaxial diagnoses.
C)The current DSM requires a GAF score to accompany all diagnoses.
D)The current DSM eliminates the five axis diagnostic system.

Question 22

Recent editions of the DSM,including DSM-5,have received numerous criticisms.Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the criticisms discussed in the textbook?

A)The breadth of coverage of recent DSMs was expanded too much.
B)The cut-offs that separate those who qualify for disorders from those who do not are often arbitrary rather than empirically based.
C)Diagnoses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder demonstrate a significant reduction in DSM gender bias.
D)Nonempirical influences,such as political and social forces,may have too much influence on the decisions made by DSM authors.

Question 23

What is harmful dysfunction theory?

Question 24

Based on the textbook,which of the following is NOT a revision to a mental disorder that was included in DSM-5?

A)The "bereavement exclusion" included in the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode was dropped.
B)Asperger's disorder was expanded and can now be diagnoses as mild,moderate,or severe Asperger's disorder.
C)The age at which symptoms must first appear in individuals diagnosed with ADHD was changed from 7 to 12 years old.
D)The frequency of binges required for bulimia nervosa was decreased to once per week.

Question 25

DSM-5 was published in _____.

A)1980
B)1994
C)2001
D)2013

Question 26

Researchers who endorse the dimensional approach to diagnosis of mental problems most often recommend that _____ serve(s)as the basis for the dimensions.

A)the five-factor model of personality
B)cognitive thought distortion categories
C)Holland's typologies
D)the Myers-Briggs types

Question 27

The DSM reflects a _____ model of psychopathology.

Question 28

Where are disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome and Internet gaming disorder listed in DSM-5?

Question 29

DSM-5 was created by

A)soliciting and summarizing public opinion on which disorders in DSM-IV should be eliminated.
B)prominent researchers who were members of a Task Force and Work Groups.
C)the American Counseling Association.
D)the same organization that publishes the International Classification of Diseases.

Question 30

DSM-5 has received numerous criticisms.Which of the following is NOT a criticism discussed in the textbook?

A)DSM-5 was not expanded enough,and as a result the current edition includes approximately the same number of disorders as the original edition.
B)While developing DSM-5,the authors were selective and vague with information they shared with the general public.
C)The membership of Work Groups was composed primarily of researchers,not clinicians.
D)DSM-5's price is significantly higher than that of previous editions.

Question 31

All editions of the DSM have offered a _____ approach to diagnosis.

A)dimensional
B)symptom- or criteria-based
C)categorical
D)multiaxial

Question 32

Internet gaming disorder

A)is a new diagnosis included in DSM-5.
B)is listed in the Emerging Measures and Models section of DSM-5.
C)has diagnostic criteria that were revised from DSM-IV to DSM-5.
D)is diagnosed when an individual uses income from stolen goods to pay for online gaming memberships.

Question 33

DSM-III

A)contained less disorders than DSM-II.
B)was significantly longer in length that DSM-II.
C)emphasized psychoanalytic and psychodynamic perspectives.
D)introduced the General Adaptation Scale,which clinicians used to rate patients' health on a 100-point scale.

Question 34

Compared to the definition of generalized anxiety disorder in DSM-5 (2013),the definition of anxiety neurosis in DSM-II (1968)

A)contains more specific diagnostic criteria.
B)contains more terminology derived from psychoanalysis.
C)lists more specific quantities and timeframes.
D)is essentially the same;there is little difference between the two definitions.

Question 35

Essentially,a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an individual

A)either has or does not have a disorder.
B)has every disorder to some extent.
C)can only be diagnosed with one disorder at a single point in time.
D)can have multiple disorders at the same time only if those disorders fall within the same larger category,such as depressive disorders or anxiety disorders.

Question 36

In recent years,researchers have offered alternatives to the categorical approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders.Specifically,the _____ approach has received significant attention,especially regarding the _____ disorders.

A)dimensional,anxiety
B)dimensional,personality
C)multiaxial,mood
D)medical model,eating

Question 37

Categorical diagnosis of mental illness has many advantages,including that it

A)facilitates easier communication between professionals.
B)forces professionals to think categorically.
C)promotes sharper problem solving abilities.
D)is easily adapted into a dimensional model of diagnosis.

Question 38

What central feature of DSM-III,DSM-III-R,DSM-IV,and DSM-IV-TR was eliminated in DSM-5?

Question 39

_____,a new disorder in DSM-5,is described by some as frequent temper tantrums in children from 6 to 18 years of age.

A)Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
B)Mild neurocognitive disorder
C)Somatic symptom disorder
D)Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Question 40

Which edition of the DSM was the first to rely heavily on empirical data to determine which diagnoses to include?

Question 41

Compare and contrast the categorical and dimensional approaches to diagnosis.

Question 42

List one criticism of recent editions of the DSM.

Question 43

Briefly explain how the profession of the primary authors of the DSM,as well as its publisher,has influenced its approach to conceptualizing mental disorders.

Question 44

The _____ approach to diagnosis examines where on a continuum a client's symptoms fall.

Question 45

Compare and contrast Jerome Wakefield's definition of a mental disorder with the definition offered by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Question 46

List two of the new mental disorders introduced in DSM-5.

Question 47

Unlike its predecessors the "5" in DSM-5 is an Arabic numeral,not a Roman numeral (e.g. ,DSM-IV).Explain why the authors of the DSM made this change and what it suggests about the DSM.