Deck 5: Music and Memory

Question 1

Which of the following statements about the process of creating a song by setting a new text to an existing melody is true?

A)It results in a song called a contrafactum.
B)It helps ensure that the new words can be easily remembered.
C)It is used in many musical traditions.
D)It is a songwriting technique that has a long history.
E)All of the above are true.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

A ballad,such as the Mexican corrido,usually does NOT:

A)tell a story.
B)use strophic form.
C)have an elaborate melody.
D)transmit detailed memories in the lyrics.
E)convey a historical narrative.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which instrument plays an important role in signaling transitional moments in a jazz funeral?

A)The snare drum
B)The tambourine
C)The saxophone
D)The sousaphone
E)All of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In Arab music,a category of melodies that share pitch content,range,and ornaments is called a:

A)layali.
B)maqam.
C)pizmon.
D)darabukkah.
E)muwashshah.

Question 5

Which of the following is a sacred song used for worship?

A)A dirge
B)A hymn
C)A layali
D)A lament
E)A muwashshah

Question 6

Maqam nahawand was especially memorable and attractive to Arab immigrants to the New World because it:

A)sounds similar to the major scale of Western music.
B)sounds similar to the minor scale of Western music.
C)sounds completely different from Western music.
D)was strongly associated with longing and nostalgia for the homeland.
E)was strongly associated with concepts of pride and honor.

Question 7

The pizmon Mifalot Elohim (The Works of God)uses:

A)triple meter and a brisk tempo.
B)A B A form,called ternary form.
C)the melody of a popular Italian song,Santa Lucia.
D)a newly composed melody written by Moses Ashear.
E)maqam ajam,which sounds like the Western minor scale.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the melody of the corrido Gregorio Cortez makes it easy to perform the long lyrics?

A)It is highly repetitive.
B)It uses a very narrow range.
C)It uses mainly conjunct motion.
D)It is supported by complex harmonies.
E)It is set to the lyrics in mostly syllabic text setting.

Question 9

The New Orleans jazz band developed from all of the following types of bands EXCEPT:

A)jug bands.
B)tonk bands.
C)brass bands.
D)dance bands.
E)society bands.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the phonograph era is NOT true?

A)It lasted from 1888 to 1940.
B)It produced technology for recording and playing wax cylinders and 78-rpm discs.
C)It fed an ethnic recordings market.
D)It primarily affected North America and Europe.
E)It enabled immigrants to bring recordings,as well as memories,of music to their new homelands.

Question 11

Which of the following types of music is often written and composed to transmit specific memories of people,places,and events?

A)The hymn
B)The corrido
C)The muwashshah
D)The pizmon
E)The spiritual

Question 12

Which of the following types of music is NOT typically performed in the first half of a jazz funeral?

A)Hymns
B)Dirges
C)Spirituals
D)Lively marches
E)Slow or medium-tempo marches

Question 13

Which of the following corridos exemplifies the transformation of the corrido genre in response to changing political,social,and cultural conditions?

A)The victim corrido
B)The revolutionary corrido
C)The narco-corrido
D)The Ballad of Osama bin Laden
E)All of the above

Question 14

What musical aspect of a corrido helps the singer recall its long,detailed texts?

A)Rhythm
B)Texture
C)Harmony
D)Timbre
E)Melody

Question 15

Pizmonim with Hebrew texts are typically performed in all of the following settings EXCEPT:

A)prayer services.
B)social gatherings.
C)celebrations of life-cycle occasions.
D)an afternoon Sebet.
E)an evening haflah.

Question 16

Attah El Kabbir (You,God,Are Mighty)demonstrates the use of:

A)polyphonic texture.
B)triple meter.
C)strophic form.
D)an introductory layali.
E)maqam ajam.

Question 17

When the Saints Go Marching In begins with a drum passage called a:

A)call.
B)double time.
C)half time.
D)half cadence.
E)marching cadence.

Question 18

The drum commonly used in the Arab Middle East is called the:

A)'ud.
B)qanun.
C)darabukkah.
D)rebab.
E)nay.

Question 19

Pizmonim have been sung to the melody of a(n):

A)school song.
B)Christmas song.
C)popular Italian song.
D)Arab muwashshah.
E)All of the above

Question 20

In Arab vocal music,a layali is typically:

A)lengthy.
B)improvised.
C)in duple meter.
D)sung to vocables.
E)sung after a muwashshah.

Question 21

Attah El Kabbir (You,God,Are Mighty)is a ________,which is a hymn with a Hebrew text set to a preexisting melody.

Question 22

A maqam is a basic scale divided into two sections of four pitches each,called ________.

Question 23

Music enhances memory because it helps us recall aspects of our life experience.

Question 24

A two-headed drum with snares stretched across the bottom is called a ________ ________.

Question 25

During the street procession from the cemetery in a jazz funeral,onlookers join the ________ ________,which follows behind the band and mourners.

Question 26

After the popularity of hero corridos declined in the early twentieth century,a new type of corrido called the victim corrido became popular.

Question 27

Each subsequent hearing of a piece of music,like Auld Lang Syne,adds new layers of associations that alter our musical memory over time.

Question 28

Music performed in a jazz funeral is typically used to transmit detailed memories about the deceased person.

Question 29

A song that is created by writing new lyrics to a preexisting melody is called a ________.

Question 30

In Jewish religious tradition,setting a sacred Hebrew text to a non-Jewish melody is believed to bring out the melody's "holy spark."

Question 31

The ethnic recordings market emerged in the late twentieth century along with digital recording technology.

Question 32

Pizmonim are performed unaccompanied at a Sebet because Jewish law prohibits playing instruments on the Sabbath.

Question 33

The corrido Gregorio Cortez is an example of a ________ corrido,which portrays larger-than-life figures.

Question 34

Most pizmonim borrow their tunes from Jewish songs.

Question 35

The corrido emerged in the first half of the twentieth century as a song genre shaped by conflict between Mexicans and Anglo-Americans in the Mexico/US border region.

Question 36

Before the burial at the cemetery,the band in a jazz funeral plays upbeat songs to set the initial tone of celebration.

Question 37

The classic New Orleans ________ ________ was typically comprised of five to fourteen wind,string,and percussion instruments playing music suited to outdoor performance.

Question 38

The Mexican ________ is a type of song that is designed to convey memories of particular places,people,and events.

Question 39

In Arab music,a mode or scale is called a ________.

Question 40

The jazz funeral emerged from the nineteenth-century New Orleans custom of funeral societies sponsoring funerals,which included music by a brass band.

Question 41

If hearing the sounds of an orchestra caused you to see blue and green colors or smell sweet aromas,you would be experiencing ________.

Question 42

MATCHING
Match each item to the correct description below.
a.dirge
b.narco-corrido
c.mode
d.tetrachord
e.hymn
Four pitches that make up one section of a scale

Question 43

Match each item to the correct description below.
a.layali
b.pizmon
c.muwashshah
d.haflah
e.contrafactum
An improvised vocal introduction that establishes a maqam

Question 44

Match each item to the correct description below.
a.layali
b.pizmon
c.muwashshah
d.haflah
e.contrafactum
An evening party,such as an anniversary celebration,in the Syrian Jewish community

Question 45

MATCHING
Match each item to the correct description below.
a.dirge
b.narco-corrido
c.mode
d.tetrachord
e.hymn
A category of melody distinguished by its pitch content

Question 46

How does a jazz funeral use several different types or genres of music to commemorate the deceased person in both a solemn and celebratory way?

Question 47

MATCHING
Match each item to the correct description below.
a.dirge
b.narco-corrido
c.mode
d.tetrachord
e.hymn
A sacred song used for worship

Question 48

How does the pizmon Ramach Evarai (Let My Whole Being Testify)demonstrate music's ability to convey various significances and memories for a family,a religious community,and a larger Middle Eastern community?

Question 49

MATCHING
Match each item to the correct description below.
a.dirge
b.narco-corrido
c.mode
d.tetrachord
e.hymn
A Mexican ballad about powerful drug lords

Question 50

Match each item to the correct description below.
a.layali
b.pizmon
c.muwashshah
d.haflah
e.contrafactum
A hymn with a Hebrew text set to a melody borrowed from a non-Jewish source

Question 51

Match each item to the correct description below.
a.layali
b.pizmon
c.muwashshah
d.haflah
e.contrafactum
An Arab song form composed in three parts (A B A)

Question 52

Using several corridos mentioned in this chapter as examples,explain how music can transmit detailed memories of people,places,and events.

Question 53

MATCHING
Match each item to the correct description below.
a.dirge
b.narco-corrido
c.mode
d.tetrachord
e.hymn
An instrumental lament played at a slow tempo

Question 54

Match each item to the correct description below.
a.layali
b.pizmon
c.muwashshah
d.haflah
e.contrafactum
A song created by writing a new text to a preexisting melody