Deck 3: Culture

Question 1

As a part of human culture, religion is an example of

A) material culture.
B) nonmaterial culture.
C) culture shock.
D) human nature.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Values are broad principles that support ____________.

A) beliefs
B) norms
C) folkways
D) language

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following most closely conveys the point of the Sapir-Whorf thesis?

A) Language involves attaching labels to the real world.
B) People see the world through the cultural lens of their language.
C) Most words have the same meaning if spoken in different languages.
D) Every word exists in all known languages.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Looking all around the world, what we find everywhere is

A) the same ideas about what is right.
B) that people enjoy the same sports.
C) that people create cultural systems.
D) the same standards that define what is beautiful and ugly.

Question 5

The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society is referred to as

A) high culture.
B) material culture.
C) norms.
D) nonmaterial culture.

Question 6

Of the 60 Aboriginal languages spoken in Canada a hundred years ago, how many are NOT in danger of extinction today?

A) 4
B) 18
C) 30
D) 55

Question 7

The term Homo sapiens, the name of our species, comes from Latin meaning

A) "person of culture."
B) "thinking person."
C) "one who walks upright."
D) "person who evolves."

Question 8

Sociologists define a symbol as

A) anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture.
B) any material cultural trait.
C) any gesture that conveys insult to others.
D) social patterns that cause culture shock.

Question 9

Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that

A) relies on culture to ensure survival.
B) has patterned ways of living.
C) has biological instincts.
D) makes use of tools.

Question 10

Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called

A) folkways.
B) norms.
C) mores.
D) values.

Question 11

Cultural transmission refers to the process of

A) cultural patterns moving from one society to another.
B) using the oral tradition.
C) passing cultural patterns from one generation to another.
D) using writing to enshrine cultural patterns.

Question 12

As part of human culture, the Canadian constitution is an example of

A) material culture.
B) subculture.
C) culture shock.
D) nonmaterial culture.

Question 13

The fact that instant messaging is based on a new set of symbols shows us that

A) today's young people don't understand the sacred quality of symbols.
B) there are many ways to use symbols to communicate.
C) culture is immutable.
D) symbols hold no real meaning.

Question 14

Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life is called

A) nonmaterial culture.
B) culture shock.
C) cultural surprise.
D) freaking out.

Question 15

According to scientists, Homo sapiens first appeared on Earth about how long ago?

A) 2500 years
B) 25 000 years
C) 250 000 years
D) 250 million years

Question 16

One tradition that is central to the Canadian winter and the elusive Canadian identity is

A) skating.
B) tobogganing.
C) skiing.
D) hockey.

Question 17

Cars, computers, and iPhones are all examples of which of the following?

A) high culture
B) material culture
C) norms
D) nonmaterial culture

Question 18

The term _____ refers to a shared way of life, and the term ____ refers to a political entity.

A) culture; society
B) country; nation
C) nation; culture
D) culture; nation

Question 19

The language widely spoken by people in more nations of the world than any other is

A) Spanish.
B) Chinese.
C) English.
D) Hindi.

Question 20

What is the term for the beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects that together make up a people's way of life?

A) social structure
B) social system
C) culture
D) society

Question 21

Which of the following statements about technology is true?

A) Nations with more advanced technology are always superior to nations with less advanced technology.
B) Advanced technology improves life in some ways but also threatens it in other ways.
C) Access to technology is evenly distributed across any society's population.
D) Technology does not contribute to or detract from everyday life.

Question 22

Low-income countries have cultures that value which of the following?

A) economic survival
B) equal standing for women and men
C) self-expression
D) secular practices

Question 23

Subculture refers to

A) a part of the population lacking culture.
B) people who embrace popular culture.
C) cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population.
D) people who embrace high culture.

Question 24

The distinction between high culture and popular culture is based mostly on

A) how advanced the cultural pattern is.
B) how long the cultural pattern has existed.
C) the social standing of the people who display the cultural pattern.
D) There is no distinction; they overlap in most areas.

Question 25

Sociologists refer to tangible or physical human creations as

A) nonmaterial culture.
B) artifacts.
C) technology.
D) values.

Question 26

According to Seymour Martin Lipset, the traditional differences between Canadian and American values are

A) rooted in the past.
B) insignificant.
C) rooted in religion.
D) based on the languages spoken in each country.

Question 27

Elements of social control in everyday life include

A) police surveillance.
B) imprisonment.
C) sanctions, including the response of other people.
D) trade sanctions.

Question 28

The fact that some married men and married women are sexually unfaithful to their spouses is an example of _____ culture, while the fact that most adults say they support the idea of sexual fidelity is an example of _____ culture.

A) high; low
B) low; high
C) ideal; real
D) real; ideal

Question 29

If you were to attend the opera, you would be experiencing

A) high culture.
B) popular culture.
C) cultural transmission.
D) virtual culture.

Question 30

Wrong-doing, such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity, is an example of violating cultural

A) mores.
B) symbols.
C) folkways.
D) control.

Question 31

As our society has entered a post-industrial, computer-based phase, which of the following have become more important?

A) gaining symbolic skills, including speaking, writing and computing
B) gaining mechanical skills using industrial machinery
C) knowing more about the past
D) gaining proficiency in resource extraction (primary industries)

Question 32

__________ are rules about everyday, casual living; __________ are rules with great moral significance.

A) Mores; folkways
B) Folkways; mores
C) Proscriptive norms; prescriptive norms
D) Proscriptive norms; prescriptive norms

Question 33

Between 1991 and 2001, more than half of immigrants to Canada came from

A) Europe.
B) the United States.
C) Asia and the Middle East.
D) Africa.

Question 34

An act of kindness, such as opening the door for an elderly man, illustrates conforming to

A) mores.
B) taboos.
C) folkways.
D) proscriptive norms.

Question 35

Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population are referred to as

A) high culture.
B) popular culture.
C) elite culture.
D) established culture.

Question 36

What is the term for the application of cultural knowledge to the task of living in an environment?

A) real culture
B) ideal culture
C) cultural transmission
D) technology

Question 37

The early U.S. sociologist who described the difference between folkways and mores was

A) Emile Durkheim.
B) William Graham Sumner.
C) Harriett Martineau.
D) George Herbert Mead.

Question 38

Hockey fans, homeless people, computer nerds, and jazz musicians all display _____ patterns.

A) high cultural
B) popular cultural
C) virtual cultural
D) subcultural

Question 39

Canada is very culturally diverse, compared to ______, whose historic isolation made it the most monocultural of industrial nations.

A) England
B) the United States
C) Japan
D) Iraq

Question 40

_____ distinguish between right and wrong; _____ distinguish between right and rude.

A) Mores; folkways
B) Taboos; mores
C) Folkways; mores
D) Prescriptive norms; proscriptive norms

Question 41

The claim that Canadian culture is dominated by European, and especially English, ways of life states that our culture is

A) ethnocentric.
B) Afrocentric.
C) Eurocentric.
D) culturally relative.

Question 42

Which of the following adds to the creation of a global culture?

A) the flow of goods from country to country
B) the Winter and Summer Olympic Games
C) cultural appropriation in mainstream media
D) European colonialism

Question 43

Which theoretical approach explains why the sexual "double standard" is found around the world?

A) the structural-functional approach
B) the social-conflict approach
C) the symbolic-interaction approach
D) the sociobiology approach

Question 44

Cultural universals are elements of culture that

A) have always been part of Canadian culture.
B) have diffused from the United States to other countries.
C) have come to Canada from elsewhere.
D) are part of every known culture.

Question 45

Cultural integration refers to the fact that

A) Canadian society contains many cultural patterns.
B) European cultural patterns dominate Canadian society.
C) change in one cultural pattern is usually linked to changes in others.
D) everyone in Canada shares most cultural values.

Question 46

Counterculture refers to

A) people who differ in some small way.
B) popular culture.
C) high culture.
D) cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held.

Question 47

Ethnocentrism refers to

A) people taking pride in their ethnicity.
B) claiming that another culture is better than your own.
C) judging another culture using the standards of your own culture.
D) understanding another culture using its own standards and values.

Question 48

Multiculturalism is defined as

A) efforts to encourage immigration to Canada.
B) efforts to establish English as the only official language of Canada.
C) social policy designed to encourage ethnic or cultural heterogeneity.
D) the idea that Canada should have a single one dominant culture.

Question 49

A Marxist analysis of Canadian culture suggests that our competitive and individualistic values reflect

A) the values of the "founding fathers."
B) trends in Western European history.
C) this nation's capitalist economy.
D) this nation's family system.

Question 50

About what percentage of people in Canada were born elsewhere?

A) 21
B) 39
C) 51
D) 80

Question 51

The theoretical approach that highlights the link between culture and social inequality is the

A) structural-functional approach.
B) social-conflict approach.
C) symbolic-interaction approach.
D) sociobiology approach.

Question 52

Which of the following statements is a good example of cultural lag?

A) gaining the ability to modify genetic patterns before understanding the possible social consequences of this kind of work
B) a slowing in the rate of invention in the computer industry
C) older people trying to make younger people respect tradition
D) virtual culture replacing traditional culture

Question 53

Which theoretical approach is linked to the philosophical doctrine of materialism?

A) the structural-functional approach
B) the social-conflict approach
C) the symbolic-interaction approach
D) the sociobiology approach

Question 54

Which theoretical approach states that the stability of Old Order Mennonite society rests on core values shared by most people?

A) the structural-functional approach
B) the social-conflict approach
C) the symbolic-interaction approach
D) the sociobiology approach

Question 55

Cultural change is set in motion in three general ways. What are they?

A) invention, discovery, and diffusion
B) invasion, invention, and experiment
C) immigration, imagination, and innovation
D) adaptation, integration, and immigration

Question 56

A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as "backward" for tilling his fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractor is displaying

A) ethnocentrism.
B) cultural relativism.
C) cultural diffusion.
D) cultural integration.

Question 57

The practice of understanding another culture on its own terms and using its own standards is called

A) ethnocentrism.
B) cultural relativism.
C) cultural diffusion.
D) cultural integration.

Question 58

George Murdock pointed to many cultural universals. Which of the following is NOT an example of a cultural universal?

A) belief in a heavenly afterlife
B) funeral rites
C) the family
D) telling jokes

Question 59

The spread of cultural traits from one society to another is called

A) immigration.
B) cultural transmission.
C) popular culture.
D) diffusion.

Question 60

The term cultural lag refers to the fact that

A) the rate of cultural change has been slowing.
B) some societies advance faster than others do.
C) some people are more cultured than others.
D) some cultural elements change more quickly than others.

Question 61

Who, of the following, would be most likely to say that "culture is a system of behaviour that is partly shaped by human biology"?

A) a structural functionalist
B) a conflict theorist
C) a sociobiologist
D) a symbolic interactionist

Question 62

The Sapir-Whorf thesis states that the language we use shapes the reality we perceive.

Question 63

Cultural transmission cannot take place unless people have a written language.

Question 64

Culture acts as a constraint, limiting human freedom because

A) much culture is habit, which people repeat again and again.
B) humans cannot create new culture for themselves.
C) culture always discourages change.
D) cultural universals prevent any kind of excessive deviation.

Question 65

Culture refers to values, beliefs, behaviour, and material things that form a way of life.

Question 66

The emergence of computer-based instant messaging shows how new symbols are being created all the time.

Question 67

An example of nonmaterial culture would be the types of vehicles people use to get around.

Question 68

Certain ways of life are biologically "natural" to humans everywhere.

Question 69

Only four Aboriginal languages spoken in Canada are not on the brink of extinction.

Question 70

For at least 12 000 years, humans have used culture as a strategy for survival.

Question 71

Gestures such as "thumbs up" are used in most societies of the world to signify that something is very good.

Question 72

Culture is a source of human freedom because

A) culture does not guide behaviour.
B) all culture changes very quickly.
C) as cultural creatures, humans make and remake the world for themselves.
D) all humans are able to choose their own subculture.

Question 73

All cultures have some common elements.

Question 74

Symbols allow people to make sense of their surroundings.

Question 75

English is the official language of about 5 percent of humanity, and it has become the preferred second language in most of the world.

Question 76

Who, of the following, would be most likely to say that "cultural patterns are rooted in a society's system of economic production"?

A) a structural functionalist
B) a conflict theorist
C) a sociobiologist
D) a symbolic interactionist

Question 77

Experiencing an unfamiliar culture can generate culture shock.

Question 78

Who, of the following, would be most likely to say that "cultural patterns are rooted in a society's core values and beliefs"?

A) a structural functionalist
B) a conflict theorist
C) a sociobiologist
D) a symbolic interactionist

Question 79

Symbols refer to anything that carries meaning recognized by people who share culture.

Question 80

People around the world have much the same outward appearance, wearing the same clothing and bodily decoration.