Deck 15: Population, Urbanization, and Environment

Question 1

The crude birth rate in North America is lower than that for Asia.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The crude death rate is the most widely used measure of a society's population decline.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

People's movement out of a territory is called immigration.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Demography is the study of the size and composition of a society's population.

Question 5

In many low-income nations, parents value sons more than daughters, which explains why the age-sex ratio in these nations may be higher than 100.

Question 6

The planet's population first reached 1 billion about the year 1500.

Question 7

Fecundity is a simple and useful way to measure population increase.

Question 8

Sex ratios are usually greater than 100 because men typically outlive women.

Question 9

Demographic transition theory states that humanity must act now to reduce fertility if we are to save the planet.

Question 10

Thomas Robert Malthus expected population to increase according to an arithmetic progression.

Question 11

To calculate a crude birth rate, divide the number of live births in a year into the total population and multiply the result by 1,000.

Question 12

The forced transport of 10 million slaves from Africa to the Americas is an example of involuntary migration.

Question 13

The infant mortality rate for African Americans is more than twice as high as it is for white people.

Question 14

The average life expectancy for U.S.children born today is about sixty years.

Question 15

In general, low-income countries grow as much from immigration as from natural increase.

Question 16

It would be fair to say that Malthus was a pessimist about the future of the world.

Question 17

Most people migrate due to a combination of "push" and "pull" factors.

Question 18

An annual growth rate of about 2 percent will cause a society's population to double in about thirty-five years.

Question 19

An age-sex pyramid is useful, in part, because it helps predict the demographic future of a society.

Question 20

The crude death rate for the United States is very high by world standards.

Question 21

In general, Snowbelt cities are larger in physical size than Sunbelt cities.

Question 22

For decades, China has regulated fertility with a "one-child" policy.

Question 23

In 2013, the world is home to about how many people?

A) 7 billion
B) 4 billion
C) 1 billion
D) 700 million

Question 24

At the present rate of loss, almost all of the rain forests will be gone by the end of this century.

Question 25

The University of Chicago's sociology department had an early focus on cities and urban life.

Question 26

The limits to growth thesis states that humans can expect to solve whatever environmental problems come along.

Question 27

Environmental racism is a pattern by which environmental hazards are greatest for the poor, especially poor minorities.

Question 28

Durkheim's concept of mechanical solidarity parallels Tönnies's concept of Gemeinschaft.

Question 29

More than eighty nations have a birth rate below the zero population growth point.

Question 30

In general, the way of life of people living in low-income nations causes much more harm to the environment than the way of life of people living in high-income nations does.

Question 31

During the last decade, there has been a rebound in the rural population of the United States.

Question 32

Global warming could cause the level of the oceans to fall by two to three feet during this century.

Question 33

Today, the three or four largest cities contain as many people as did the entire world some 12,000 years ago.

Question 34

As societies gain technological power, more population, and affluence they have a greater and greater effect on the natural environment.

Question 35

Georg Simmel claimed that urbanites are so interested in each other's lives that there is little privacy in cities.

Question 36

A metropolis is a large city that socially and economically dominates an urban area.

Question 37

Protecting the rain forests is vital to maintaining the Earth's biodiversity.

Question 38

Currently, about how many people are added to the world's population each year?

A) 840,000
B) 8.4 million
C) 84 million
D) 840 million

Question 39

"Zero population growth" refers to cases in which no more people are born.

Question 40

Because our planet is mostly covered with oceans, there is no shortage of fresh water.

Question 41

Throughout most of human history, families had many children because

A) children were a source of needed labor.
B) birth control was not reliable.
C) high death rates meant that many children did not reach adulthood.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 42

If a nation has a sex ratio of 108, as India does, it is very likely that parents there

A) value sons more than daughters.
B) value daughters more than sons.
C) value children of both sexes equally.
D) place little value on children.

Question 43

Which of the following concepts refers to the number of live births in a given year for every thousand people in a population?

A) fertility
B) refined birth rate
C) crude birth rate
D) fecundity

Question 44

Which of the following four statements about migration is NOT True?

A) Migration can be voluntary or involuntary.
B) Movement into a territory is called immigration.
C) Movement out of a territory is called emigration.
D) Migration has little or no effect on population size.

Question 45

In terms of migration within the United States, the region of the country most often left behind is

A) the heartland or Great Plains, from North Dakota down to Texas.
B) the South.
C) the West Coast, from Washington down to California.
D) the Southeast.

Question 46

Among which of the following categories of the U.S.population is fertility low?

A) Hispanics
B) Amish people
C) Asian Americans
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 47

Which of the following concepts refers to the maximum possible childbearing for women?

A) the crude birth rate
B) fertility
C) fecundity
D) the refined birth rate

Question 48

Looking at countries around the world, what is the relationship between average income level and rate of population increase?

A) The lower the average income, the greater the population increase.
B) All nations are increasing at about the same rate.
C) The higher the average income, the greater the population increase.
D) Poor nations are holding steady, rich nations are decreasing.

Question 49

If you were studying countries with very low infant mortality, in which of the following global regions would you be most likely to look?

A) Latin America
B) Africa
C) Europe
D) Asia

Question 50

If you were to examine an age-sex pyramid for a low-income nation, you would expect to see which of the following patterns?

A) a wide base, indicating a high birth rate
B) a square shape, indicating a low birth rate
C) a bulge in the middle, indicating a "baby boom"
D) None of the other responses is correct.

Question 51

When in history did global population begin to spike upward?

A) 1500
B) 1750
C) 1900
D) 1975

Question 52

One region of the world has both the highest birth rate and the highest infant mortality rate.Which is it?

A) Latin America
B) Africa
C) Europe
D) Asia

Question 53

When did the world's population reach 1 billion?

A) 1600
B) 1700
C) 1800
D) 1900

Question 54

Why are sex ratios usually below 100?

A) Because many societies abort male fetuses.
B) Because more women than men are born.
C) Because women typically outlive men.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 55

In global perspective, the crude birth rate of high-income nations such as the United States is

A) much higher than average.
B) slightly higher than average.
C) about equal to the average.
D) below average.

Question 56

The United States is a high-income country therefore, we would expect population increase to result from which of the following?

A) both immigration and natural increase
B) natural increase only
C) immigration only
D) emigration only

Question 57

Assume a country has a population of 400 million people and in a given year has 4 million births.What is this country's current crude birth rate?

A) .1
B) 1
C) 10
D) 4 million

Question 58

The demographic measure called the "sex ratio" refers to

A) how easily couples conceive children.
B) the number of males for every 100 females in the population.
C) the number of females for every 100 males in the population.
D) the ratio of children to adults in a population.

Question 59

Fertility refers to

A) life expectancy for a nation's population.
B) norms that encourages people to have children.
C) the maximum number of children a woman can have.
D) the incidence of childbearing in a nation's population.

Question 60

Demography is defined as the study of

A) democratic political systems.
B) human population.
C) changes in human culture.
D) the natural environment.

Question 61

Which of the following statements correctly describes societies at the postindustrial level of technological development?

A) Birth rates are low.
B) Death rates are steady.
C) Both A and B are True.
D) None of the other responses is correct.

Question 62

In what year was half the U.S.population living in urban places for the first time?

A) 1880
B) 1920
C) 1960
D) 1985

Question 63

Which of the following nations would you expect to be most concerned about declining population?

A) a landlocked country such as Chad
B) a large country such as Brazil
C) a high-income country such as Japan
D) a low-income country such as Bangladesh

Question 64

In low-income countries, increasing opportunities available to women are likely to

A) stimulate the economy, raising economic output.
B) lower the birth rate.
C) result in more schooling for women.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 65

Most historians agree that the first city was

A) Ur.
B) Uruk.
C) Jericho.
D) London.

Question 66

In the United States, the birth rate is currently

A) at the replacement level.
B) below the replacement level.
C) slightly above the replacement level.
D) well above the replacement level.

Question 67

Urban decentralization has led to

A) an expansion of suburbs.
B) the development of vast urban regions.
C) the growth of edge cities.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 68

With the Industrial Revolution, how did the physical design of cities change?

A) Cities took on a new focus on business.
B) Winding streets gave way to broad and straight boulevards.
C) Urban populations became much larger.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 69

In most poor nations of the world today, what is the average number of children born to a woman?

A) ten
B) eight
C) six
D) three

Question 70

About when did urban centralization-the industrial metropolis-reach its peak in the United States?

A) 1900
B) 1925
C) 1950
D) 1975

Question 71

The Industrial Revolution had what effect on U.S.cities?

A) Buildings became much taller.
B) Cities became much larger geographically and had many more people.
C) Cities stood at the center of an expanding urban region.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 72

Currently, about how much of the global population increase is taking place in low-income nations?

A) 33 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 98 percent

Question 73

Thomas Robert Malthus claimed that

A) the world could sustain an ever-larger population.
B) population increase would eventually bring chaos to the world.
C) industrialization would reduce the birth rate.
D) population decrease threatened the world in the future.

Question 74

How much did the world's population increase during the twentieth century?

A) Not at all-it stayed about the same.
B) It doubled.
C) It tripled.
D) It quadrupled.

Question 75

About how long ago in history did the first cities emerge?

A) 10,000 years ago
B) 4,000 years ago
C) 2,000 years ago
D) 1,000 years ago

Question 76

Malthus argued that

A) population would increase in geometric progression.
B) food and other resources would increase in arithmetic progression.
C) people would reproduce to a point beyond what the planet could support.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 77

The concept "zero population growth" refers to the level of reproduction that

A) produces a perfect age-sex pyramid.
B) keeps the sex ratio steady at 100.
C) maintains population at a steady level.
D) will take the population steadily downward to zero.

Question 78

In medieval cities of Europe, what was found at the city's center?

A) a central business district
B) the ghetto
C) government buildings
D) the cathedral

Question 79

The basic idea behind demographic transition theory is

A) population patterns reflect a society's level of technological development.
B) population increase will outstrip the planet's ability to support us.
C) population increase is now mostly in high-income nations.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 80

In the preindustrial stage of technological development, population

A) increases very slowly, with a high birth rate offset by a high death rate.
B) increases rapidly due mostly to natural increase.
C) increases rapidly due entirely to immigration.
D) decreases very rapidly.