Deck 18: Families

Question 1

The chapter-opening story of Rosa Yniguez, who came from Mexico to live and raise her three children in California, makes the point that:

A) family patterns often change among immigrants to this country.
B) Hispanic women avoid forming families.
C) today's Latinas are having more and more children.
D) All of the above are correct.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A system of marriage that unites two partners is called:

A) polygyny.
B) polygamy.
C) polyandry.
D) monogamy.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The concept "patrilocality" refers to:

A) rule of men over women.
B) a residential pattern by which a married couple lives near the husband's family.
C) a system of tracing descent through males.
D) a family composed of only males.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A family composed of one or two parents and their children is called:

A) a nuclear family.
B) an extended family.
C) a family of affinity.
D) a consanguine family.

Question 5

A system of marriage that unites one woman with two or more men is called:

A) polygyny.
B) polygamy.
C) polyandry.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 6

Matrilineal descent is typically found in which type of societies?

A) hunting and gathering, where women gather vegetation
B) horticultural, where women are the main food producers
C) industrial, where women enter the workplace
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 7

David Popenoe's research suggests that the weakest families on Earth may be found in:

A) the United States.
B) Japan.
C) Sweden.
D) Great Britain.

Question 8

The concept "endogamy" refers to marriage between:

A) people of the same sex.
B) people of different social categories.
C) people of the same social category.
D) people related by birth.

Question 9

The incest taboo:

A) exists only in industrial societies.
B) is found in all societies.
C) is found among all living species.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 10

The family is a social institution that is found in:

A) most, but not all, societies.
B) about half of human societies in the world today.
C) high-income nations, but not in most low-income nations.
D) every society.

Question 11

Following the structural-functional approach, the family:

A) operates to perpetuate social inequality.
B) is important enough to be called the backbone of society.
C) encourages patriarchy.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 12

Assume you were visiting a society in which people traced family ties only through women. This society would correctly be called:

A) patrilocal.
B) matrilineal.
C) matrilocal.
D) polygynous.

Question 13

To which region of the world would you travel if you wanted to visit many countries where the law permits polygamy?

A) both Africa and Asia
B) North America
C) South America
D) Scandinavia

Question 14

Which of the following are traits of marriage?

A) a legally approved relationship
B) sexual activity and childbearing
C) economic cooperation
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 15

Celebrity couples that we see in the mass media illustrate the fact that:

A) nuclear families have changed little in recent decades.
B) most people live in extended families.
C) families take many, diverse forms.
D) fewer and fewer people want to live in families.

Question 16

Which of the following are counted among the functions of the family?

A) socialization of the young
B) regulation of sexual activity
C) social placement
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 17

Typically, high-income societies make use of which of the following systems to trace ancestry?

A) bilateral descent
B) matrilineal descent
C) patrilineal descent
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 18

People include as "kin" others linked by:

A) having the same ancestors.
B) marriage.
C) adoption.
D) All of the above are a basis for kinship.

Question 19

The U.S. Census Bureau defines the "family" as:

A) people who live together.
B) people who engage in economic cooperation.
C) people living together who are linked by blood, marriage, or adoption.
D) people who consider themselves to be a family.

Question 20

A family that includes parents and children, as well as other kin, is called:

A) a nuclear family.
B) an extended family.
C) a family of affinity.
D) a conjugal family.

Question 21

In the United States, romantic love:

A) is the reason most people expect to marry.
B) is not a very stable foundation for marriage.
C) may contribute to a high divorce rate.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 22

In traditional regions of many lower-income countries, such as Sri Lanka, marriage:

A) has little to do with romantic love.
B) is unknown.
C) is delayed until the people reach their thirties.
D) almost always ends in divorce.

Question 23

In the United States, a recent trend involving parenting is that:

A) women are having more children.
B) women are marrying earlier in life.
C) more adults are delaying having children or choosing to remain childless.
D) most men are now marrying before age twenty.

Question 24

A social-exchange analysis of family life is likely to consider:

A) how families keep society as a whole operating.
B) how families perpetuate social inequality.
C) how individuals select partners who offer about as much as they do.
D) how families regulate sexual activity.

Question 25

The most difficult transition in married life is typically:

A) the birth of a first child.
B) the death of a spouse.
C) the last child leaving home.
D) retirement.

Question 26

What is the effect of industrialization on the number of children in a typical family?

A) Families have more children.
B) Families have the same number of children.
C) Families have fewer children.
D) Families no longer care about how many children they have.

Question 27

In today's high-income nations, children are:

A) an economic asset.
B) an economic liability.
C) able to earn more than what parents spend to raise them.
D) leaving home to go to work earlier in life than ever before.

Question 28

An important consideration leading many parents to limit the number of children they have is:

A) the fear of an "empty nest" later on.
B) the high cost of raising children.
C) the approval of extended family members.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 29

The recent trend in racially mixed marriages has been:

A) upward-the numbers are increasing.
B) stable-the numbers are holding steady.
C) downward-the numbers are falling.
D) rising in good economic times, and falling in bad economic times.

Question 30

Which of the following categories of the U.S. population has the greatest share of female-headed households?

A) Hispanics
B) African Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) white, non-Hispanics

Question 31

The term "empty nest" refers to:

A) families whose children have grown and left home.
B) women who choose to remain single.
C) women who marry, but choose to remain childless.
D) couples who are unable to have a child.

Question 32

Among American Indians who migrate from reservations to cities, a common pattern is:

A) strong extended kinship.
B) a fluid, or changing, household.
C) starting to use kin terms for unrelated people who live together.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 33

Patterns that describe many Latino families include:

A) strong extended kinship.
B) rather conventional gender roles.
C) parental control over children's courtship.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 34

The concept "homogamy" means that:

A) people marry because they benefit from being married.
B) women usually marry older men.
C) people marry others who are socially like themselves.
D) most marriages are based on romantic love.

Question 35

Social conflict and feminist analysis explains that families perpetuate social inequality in U.S. society through:

A) inheritance of private property.
B) encouraging patriarchy.
C) passing on racial and ethnic inequality.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 36

Describing the lives of working-class women, Lillian Rubin reported that the typical woman said she wanted a husband who:

A) would confide in her.
B) was handsome.
C) had a steady job and was not violent.
D) was rich.

Question 37

Today's baby boomers are often called the "sandwich generation" because:

A) of their love of fast food.
B) they do not easily mix family and work responsibilities.
C) their families rarely eat meals together.
D) they spend time caring for both children and aging parents.

Question 38

Jessie Bernard claimed that marriage:

A) benefits women more than men.
B) benefits both women and men equally.
C) benefits men more than women.
D) is harmful to both women and men.

Question 39

In the United States, the average (median) number of children per family is now about:

A) four.
B) three.
C) two.
D) one.

Question 40

Regardless of race, families headed by single women are:

A) at high risk for poverty.
B) much larger than other family types.
C) much smaller than other family types.
D) likely to experience greater upward social mobility.

Question 41

In the United States, family violence is:

A) considered a private, family matter.
B) a serious, often criminal problem.
C) no longer considered a serious issue the way it was in past decades.
D) mostly harmful to men.

Question 42

Kinship is based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption.

Question 43

Exogamy means that parents of similar social position pass on their standing to their children.

Question 44

Around the world, most marriages have been polygamous.

Question 45

Another name for the extended family is the conjugal family.

Question 46

Almost all adults who abuse children typically have what in common?

A) They are middle class.
B) They are women.
C) They were abused themselves as children.
D) They were married at a very young age.

Question 47

Based on the text, which of the following categories of people would you expect to have the highest risk of divorce?

A) young people who marry after a short courtship
B) a couple facing a wanted and expected pregnancy
C) a couple whose parents never experienced divorce
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 48

Mounting research suggests that cohabitation:

A) strengthens a couple's commitment to one another.
B) may actually discourage marriage.
C) increases the financial security of children.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 49

Most people in the United States who divorce:

A) remain single.
B) experience a rising standard of living.
C) remarry within five years.
D) have experienced family violence.

Question 50

Parents and children form an extended family.

Question 51

A larger share of children in the United States are born to unmarried parents than in Sweden.

Question 52

Research shows that growing up in a single-parent family:

A) is beneficial to children.
B) has no effect on children.
C) can disadvantage children.
D) is beneficial to boys, but harmful to girls.

Question 53

Which of the following are reasons for the rise in divorce rates in the United States?

A) rising individualism
B) romantic love often fades.
C) more women are less economically dependent on men
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 54

In 1989, which country became the first to permit legal same-sex partnerships with many of the benefits of marriage?

A) Denmark
B) Canada
C) Sweden
D) the United States

Question 55

Looking ahead twenty years in the United States, we can predict with confidence that:

A) the divorce rate will drop dramatically.
B) most people will not marry.
C) family life will be diverse.
D) women will play an ever-smaller role in child rearing.

Question 56

Endogamy refers to the pattern of people marrying partners socially like themselves.

Question 57

Compared to what it was a century ago, the U.S. divorce rate is now:

A) about the same.
B) half as high.
C) twice as high.
D) about ten times higher.

Question 58

Looking for evidence about how much the traditional family is eroding, you might point to the fact that:

A) singlehood is up.
B) the divorce rate is up.
C) more children are born to single mothers.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 59

Polyandry unites one female with two or more males in marriage.

Question 60

The dominant residential form in the United States is neolocality.

Question 61

In traditional societies, parents may arrange the marriages of their very young children.

Question 62

Most research suggests that growing up in a one-parent family disadvantages children.

Question 63

Feminist analysis links the operation of the family to patriarchy.

Question 64

African Americans and Asian Americans show significant differences in typical family form.

Question 65

Jessie Bernard claimed that women would be happier in marriage if men did not expect them to do almost all the housework.

Question 66

The structural-functional approach points out how family perpetuates social inequality.

Question 67

Romantic love is the basis of marriage in preindustrial societies.

Question 68

One reason for today's high divorce rate in the United States is that women are more economically dependent on men.

Question 69

In the United States, two-thirds of the children of working mothers receive care at a day-care facility.

Question 70

Research indicates that a majority of U.S. married males are unfaithful to their wives at some point in their marriage.

Question 71

Grandmothers have an especially important role in African American families.

Question 72

Bilateral descent is found in societies that have a relatively high level of gender equality.

Question 73

Social class affects what women expect in a husband.

Question 74

Most cases of family violence involve men as both victims and offenders.

Question 75

People in the United States today are more accepting of divorce than they were a century ago.

Question 76

Most adults in the United States say they want at least three children, although most do not go on to have this many.

Question 77

Four out of five people in the United States who divorce remarry at some point.

Question 78

Before they reach the age of eighteen, half of U.S. children live with only one parent for some period of time.

Question 79

The trend in the United States is toward more racially mixed marriages.

Question 80

In most African nations, the law permits a man to have more than one wife.