Deck 9: Muscles and Muscle Tissue

Question 1

Match the following:

A) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
B) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
Have very fast-acting myosin ATPases and depend upon anaerobic metabolism during contraction.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Match the following:

A) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
B) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
A relatively high percentage are found in successful marathon runners.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Match the following:

A) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
B) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
Depends on oxygen delivery and aerobic mechanisms.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Match the following:

A) Tetanus
B) Muscle tone
C) Maximal stimulus
D) Wave summation
E) Multiple motor unit summation
The stimulus above which no stronger contraction can be elicited, because all motor units are firing in the muscle.

Question 5

Match the following:

A) Tetanus
B) Muscle tone
C) Maximal stimulus
D) Wave summation
E) Multiple motor unit summation
Continued sustained smooth contraction due to rapid stimulation.

Question 6

Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:
Connective tissue covering the exterior of a muscle organ.

Question 7

Match the following:

A) Tetanus
B) Muscle tone
C) Maximal stimulus
D) Wave summation
E) Multiple motor unit summation
The situation in which contractions become stronger due to stimulation before complete relaxation occurs.

Question 8

Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:
I band.

Question 9

Match the following:

A) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
B) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
Abundant in muscles used to maintain posture.

Question 10

Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:
Bundle of muscle cells surrounded by a perimysium

Question 11

Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:
A band.

Question 12

Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:
Connective tissue surrounding muscle fiber bundles

Question 13

Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:
H zone.

Question 14

Match the following:

A) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
B) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
Contain abundant amounts of glycogen.

Question 15

Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:
Connective tissue sheath surrounding individual muscle fibers

Question 16

Match the following:

A) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers
B) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
Red fibers, the smallest of the fiber types.

Question 17

Match the following:

A) Tetanus
B) Muscle tone
C) Maximal stimulus
D) Wave summation
E) Multiple motor unit summation
Determined by alternating motor units of a muscle organ even when the muscle is at rest.

Question 18

Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:
Individual muscle fiber.

Question 19

Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:
Z disc.

Question 20

Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:
M line.

Question 21

Match the following:

A) I band
B) Myosin
C) Z discs
D) A band
The thicker filaments are the ________ filaments.

Question 22

Match the following:

A) Acetylcholine
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Creatine phosphate
D) Sodium ions
E) Calcium ions
Used to convert ADP to ATP by transfer of a high-energy phosphate group. A reserve high-energy compound.

Question 23

Match the sport to the energy system primarily used to perform the activity:

A) Aerobic pathway
B) Direct phosphorylation
C) Anaerobic pathway
25 meter swim

Question 24

Match the following:

A) Acetylcholine
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Creatine phosphate
D) Sodium ions
E) Calcium ions
Destroys ACh.

Question 25

The force of muscle contraction is controlled by multiple motor unit summation or recruitment.

Question 26

Match the following:

A) I band
B) Myosin
C) Z discs
D) A band
A sarcomere is the distance between two ________.

Question 27

Once a motor neuron has fired, all the muscle fibers in a muscle contract.

Question 28

Match the following:

A) Acetylcholine
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Creatine phosphate
D) Sodium ions
E) Calcium ions
A neurotransmitter released at motor end plates by the axon terminals.

Question 29

Match the following:

A) Acetylcholine
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Creatine phosphate
D) Sodium ions
E) Calcium ions
Diffusion across the cell membrane results in depolarization.

Question 30

The thin filaments (actin) contain a polypeptide subunit G actin that bears active sites for myosin attachment.

Question 31

Match the following:

A) I band
B) Myosin
C) Z discs
D) A band
Both actin and myosin are found in the ________.

Question 32

Match the following:

A) Acetylcholine
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Creatine phosphate
D) Sodium ions
E) Calcium ions
Activate synaptic vesicles in axon terminals.

Question 33

Match the sport to the energy system primarily used to perform the activity:

A) Aerobic pathway
B) Direct phosphorylation
C) Anaerobic pathway
Marathons

Question 34

A motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as a motor end plate.

Question 35

Match the following:

A) Tetanus
B) Muscle tone
C) Maximal stimulus
D) Wave summation
E) Multiple motor unit summation
How a smooth increase in muscle force is produced.

Question 36

Match the following:

A) Acetylcholine
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Creatine phosphate
D) Sodium ions
E) Calcium ions
Serves as the actual "trigger" for muscle contraction by removing the inhibition of the troponin molecules.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) I band
B) Myosin
C) Z discs
D) A band
The ________ contains only the actin filaments.

Question 38

Match the sport to the energy system primarily used to perform the activity:

A) Aerobic pathway
B) Direct phosphorylation
C) Anaerobic pathway
Weight lifting

Question 39

Match the following:

A) I band
B) Myosin
C) Z discs
D) A band
The myosin filaments are located in the ________.

Question 40

Eccentric contractions are more forceful than concentric contractions.

Question 41

Muscle contraction will always promote movement of body parts regardless of how they are attached.

Question 42

During isometric contraction, the energy used appears as movement.

Question 43

Excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following substances?

A) Ca²⁺ and ATP
B) Ca²⁺ only
C) ATP only
D) ATP and glucose

Question 44

A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric contraction.

Question 45

Muscle tone is the small amount of tautness or tension in the muscle due to weak, involuntary contractions of its motor units.

Question 46

Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases?

A) motor units with the longest muscle fibers
B) many small motor units with the ability to stimulate other motor units
C) large motor units with small, highly excitable neurons
D) motor units with larger, less excitable neurons

Question 47

Smooth muscles relax when intracellular Ca²⁺ levels drop but may not cease contractions.

Question 48

What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?

A) Tropomyosin is the chemical that activates the myosin heads.
B) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules.
C) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on the myosin molecules.
D) Tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter.

Question 49

The effect of a neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its ion permeability properties temporarily.

Question 50

When a muscle fiber contracts, the I bands diminish in size, the H zones disappear, and the A bands do not diminish in length.

Question 51

The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by ________.

A) increasing stimulus above the threshold
B) increasing stimulus above the treppe stimulus
C) increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus
D) recruiting small and medium muscle fibers

Question 52

Peristalsis is characteristic of smooth muscle.

Question 53

One of the functions of skeletal muscle contraction is production of heat.

Question 54

Muscle cells store more creatine phosphate than ATP resulting in the muscle having a reserve source of energy.

Question 55

Although there are no sarcomeres, smooth muscle still possesses thick and thin filaments.

Question 56

An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops.

Question 57

A resting potential is caused by a difference in the concentration of certain ions inside and outside the cell.

Question 58

Cells of unitary smooth muscle are found in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the intestine.

Question 59

Most skeletal muscles contain ________.

A) muscle fibers of the same type
B) a mixture of fiber types
C) a predominance of slow oxidative fibers
D) a predominance of fast oxidative fibers

Question 60

Fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of ________.

A) intense exercise of long duration
B) intense exercise of short duration
C) slow exercise of long duration
D) slow exercise of short duration

Question 61

The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to ________.

A) make and store phosphocreatine
B) synthesize actin and myosin myofilaments
C) provide a source of myosin for the contraction process
D) regulate intracellular calcium concentration

Question 62

Which of the following is a factor that affects the velocity and duration of muscle contraction?

A) number of muscle fibers stimulated
B) size of the muscle fibers stimulated
C) load on the fiber
D) muscle length

Question 63

Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?

A) perimysium
B) endomysium
C) epimysium
D) fascicle

Question 64

What produces the striations of a skeletal muscle cell?

A) a difference in the thickness of the sarcolemma
B) the arrangement of myofilaments
C) the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) the T tubules

Question 65

Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period during which the neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, diffuses across the synaptic cleft, and binds to its receptors.

A) contraction
B) relaxation
C) latent
D) refractory

Question 66

The term aponeurosis refers to ________.

A) the bands of myofibrils
B) a sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal element
C) the rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) the tropomyosin-troponin complex

Question 67

Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by ________.

A) forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin
B) forming a chemical compound with actin
C) inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments
D) storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP

Question 68

What is the primary function of wave summation?

A) produce smooth, continuous muscle contraction
B) increase muscle tension
C) prevent muscle relaxation
D) prevent muscle fatigue

Question 69

What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?

A) sarcoplasmic reticulum
B) mitochondria
C) intermediate filament network
D) myofibrillar network

Question 70

The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is ________.

A) hemoglobin
B) ATP
C) myoglobin
D) immunoglobin

Question 71

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called?

A) a sarcomere
B) a myofilament
C) a myofibril
D) the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 72

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?

A) form hydroxyapatite crystals
B) reestablish glycogen stores
C) bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition
D) increase levels of myoglobin

Question 73

Myoglobin ________.

A) breaks down glycogen
B) is a protein involved in the direct phosphorylation of ADP
C) stores oxygen in muscle cells
D) produces the end plate potential

Question 74

Rigor mortis occurs because ________.

A) the cells are dead
B) sodium ions leak into the muscle causing continued contractions
C) no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules
D) proteins are beginning to break down, thus preventing a flow of calcium ions

Question 75

What does excess postexercise oxygen consumption represent?

A) amount of oxygen needed for aerobic activity to accomplish the same amount of work
B) the difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used
C) the amount of oxygen equal to the oxygen already used
D) the amount of oxygen taken into the body immediately after the exertion

Question 76

Which of the following is not a connective tissue sheath that wraps individual muscle fibers?

A) endomysium
B) perimysium
C) epimysium
D) aponeurosis

Question 77

What is the functional role of the T tubules?

A) stabilize the G and F actin
B) enhance cellular communication during muscle contraction
C) hold cross bridges in place in a resting muscle
D) synthesize ATP to provide energy for muscle contraction

Question 78

The contractile units of skeletal muscles are ________.

A) microtubules
B) mitochondria
C) T tubules
D) myofibrils

Question 79

During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?

A) myosin filaments
B) actin filaments
C) Z discs
D) thick filaments

Question 80

Which of the choices below does not describe how excess postexercise oxygen consumption (oxygen deficit) restores metabolic conditions?

A) converts lactic acid back into glycogen stores in the liver
B) resynthesizes creatine phosphate and ATP in muscle fibers
C) increases the level of lactic acid in the muscle
D) replaces the oxygen removed from myoglobin