Deck 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Question 1

Figure 11.2
Using Figure 11.2, match the following:
Synaptic vesicles.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Figure 11.1
Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
Which neuron would connect to a muscle?

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Figure 11.1
Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
Which neuron is common only in dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory ganglia of cranial nerves?

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Match the following:

A) Absolute refractory period
B) Repolarization
C) Action potential
D) Depolarization
E) Relative refractory period
The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability.

Question 5

Match the following:

A) Spatial summation
B) Threshold stimulus
C) Subthreshold stimulus
D) Temporal summation
Numerous nerve impulses arriving at a synapse at closely timed intervals exert a cumulative effect.

Question 6

Match the following:

A) Absolute refractory period
B) Repolarization
C) Action potential
D) Depolarization
E) Relative refractory period
The neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong.

Question 7

Figure 11.2
Using Figure 11.2, match the following:
Postsynaptic membrane.

Question 8

Figure 11.1
Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
Which neuron is never myelinated?

Question 9

Figure 11.1
Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
Which neuron is rare?

Question 10

Figure 11.1
Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
In a reflex arc, which neuron has its cell body inside the spinal cord?

Question 11

Figure 11.2
Using Figure 11.2, match the following:
Synaptic cleft.

Question 12

Figure 11.1
Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc?

Question 13

Match the following:

A) Absolute refractory period
B) Repolarization
C) Action potential
D) Depolarization
E) Relative refractory period
The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions.

Question 14

Match the following:

A) Spatial summation
B) Threshold stimulus
C) Subthreshold stimulus
D) Temporal summation
Stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by many terminals at the same time.

Question 15

Match the following:

A) Absolute refractory period
B) Repolarization
C) Action potential
D) Depolarization
E) Relative refractory period
Also called a nerve impulse transmitted by axons.

Question 16

Match the following:

A) Absolute refractory period
B) Repolarization
C) Action potential
D) Depolarization
E) Relative refractory period
An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response.

Question 17

Figure 11.1
Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
Which is by far the most common neuron type?

Question 18

Figure 11.2
Using Figure 11.2, match the following:
Ion channel.

Question 19

Figure 11.1
Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
Which neuron would be found in the retina of the eye?

Question 20

Figure 11.2
Using Figure 11.2, match the following:
Calcium ions.

Question 21

Match the following:

A) Reverberating circuit
B) Diverging circuit
C) Converging circuit
D) Parallel after-discharge circuit
May be involved in complex, exacting types of mental processing.

Question 22

Match the following:

A) Trigger zone
B) Receptive region
C) Conducting region
D) Secretory region
E) Secretory zone
Receives stimuli.

Question 23

During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.

Question 24

Match the following:

A) Trigger zone
B) Receptive region
C) Conducting region
D) Secretory region
E) Secretory zone
Plasma membrane exhibits voltage-gated Na⁺ and K⁺ channels.

Question 25

Match the following:

A) Reverberating circuit
B) Diverging circuit
C) Converging circuit
D) Parallel after-discharge circuit
Involved in control of rhythmic activities such as breathing.

Question 26

Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte.

Question 27

Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.

Question 28

Match the following:

A) Reverberating circuit
B) Diverging circuit
C) Converging circuit
D) Parallel after-discharge circuit
Different types of sensory input can have the same ultimate effect.

Question 29

Match the following:

A) Reverberating circuit
B) Diverging circuit
C) Converging circuit
D) Parallel after-discharge circuit
One incoming fiber triggers responses in ever-increasing numbers farther and farther along the circuit.

Question 30

The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place.

Question 31

Match the following:

A) Trigger zone
B) Receptive region
C) Conducting region
D) Secretory region
E) Secretory zone
Plasma membrane exhibits chemically gated ion channels.

Question 32

Match the following:

A) Trigger zone
B) Receptive region
C) Conducting region
D) Secretory region
E) Secretory zone
Axon terminals release neurotransmitters.

Question 33

Match the following:

A) Trigger zone
B) Receptive region
C) Conducting region
D) Secretory region
E) Secretory zone
Plasma membrane exhibits voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels.

Question 34

Match the following:

A) Trigger zone
B) Receptive region
C) Conducting region
D) Secretory region
E) Secretory zone
Area where nerve impulse is generated.

Question 35

Match the following:

A) Reverberating circuit
B) Diverging circuit
C) Converging circuit
D) Parallel after-discharge circuit
Involved in activating fibers of a skeletal muscle such as the biceps muscle.

Question 36

Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system.

Question 37

Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups.

Question 38

Match the following:

A) Spatial summation
B) Threshold stimulus
C) Subthreshold stimulus
D) Temporal summation
An insufficient stimulus.

Question 39

Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers.

Question 40

Match the following:

A) Spatial summation
B) Threshold stimulus
C) Subthreshold stimulus
D) Temporal summation
Any stimulus below this intensity will result in no response in a neuron.

Question 41

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?

A) support and brace neurons
B) anchor neurons to blood vessels
C) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability
D) control the chemical environment around neurons
E) provide the defense for the CNS

Question 42

The action potential is caused by permeability changes in the plasma membrane.

Question 43

Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity.

Question 44

A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons.

Question 45

The overlapping functions of the nervous system are sensory input, integration, and motor output.

Question 46

Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes.

Question 47

Bipolar neurons are commonly ________.

A) motor neurons
B) called neuroglial cells
C) found in ganglia
D) found in the retina of the eye

Question 48

Which of the choices below describes the ANS?

A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
B) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
C) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS
D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract

Question 49

The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes.

Question 50

Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine.

Question 51

Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase.

Question 52

The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons.

Question 53

What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?

A) ependymal cells
B) Schwann cells
C) oligodendrocytes
D) astrocytes

Question 54

Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers.

Question 55

Some neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the receptor.

Question 56

In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier.

Question 57

A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane.

Question 58

The autonomic nervous system is under voluntary control; whereas, the somatic nervous system is involuntary.

Question 59

What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus?

A) origin of the stimulus
B) type of stimulus receptor
C) frequency of action potentials
D) size of action potentials

Question 60

If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them.

Question 61

An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________.

A) cell body
B) synapse
C) receptor
D) effector

Question 62

Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________.

A) ependymal cells
B) microglia
C) oligodendrocytes
D) astrocytes

Question 63

A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________.

A) efferent neuron
B) afferent neuron
C) association neuron
D) glial cell

Question 64

Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle?

A) cholinesterase
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) gamma aminobutyric acid

Question 65

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________.

A) nuclei
B) nerves
C) ganglia
D) tracts

Question 66

Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?

A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract
B) innervation of cardiac muscle
C) innervation of glands
D) innervation of skeletal muscle

Question 67

The term central nervous system refers to the ________.

A) peripheral and spinal nerves
B) brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
C) brain and spinal cord
D) spinal cord and spinal nerves

Question 68

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

A) act as a transmitting agent
B) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh
C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings
D) stimulate the production of acetylcholine

Question 69

Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________.

A) the myelin sheath
B) large nerve fibers
C) diphasic impulses
D) erratic transmission of nerve impulses

Question 70

Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials?

A) mechanically gated channel
B) voltage-gated channel
C) leakage channel
D) ligand-gated channel

Question 71

Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons?

A) They conduct impulses.
B) They have extreme longevity.
C) They are mitotic.
D) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate.

Question 72

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________.

A) axon
B) dendrite
C) neurolemma
D) Schwann cell

Question 73

Select the correct statement regarding synapses.

A) Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses.
B) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled.
C) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells.
D) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.

Question 74

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________.

A) resting period
B) repolarization
C) depolarization
D) absolute refractory period

Question 75

Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters?

A) acetycholine
B) amino acid
C) biogenic amine
D) ATP and other purines
E) nucleic acid

Question 76

Which of the following correctly describes a graded potential?

A) long distance signaling
B) amplitude of various sizes
C) voltage stimulus to initiate
D) voltage regulated repolarization

Question 77

Which of the following is False or incorrect?

A) An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold.
B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal.
C) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs if the inhibitory effect is greater than the excitatory, causing hyperpolarization of the membrane.

Question 78

The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________.

A) ion
B) cholinesterase
C) neurotransmitter
D) biogenic amine

Question 79

Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?

A) senses changes in the environment
B) analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions
C) responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction

Question 80

Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________.

A) astrocytes
B) oligodendrocytes
C) microglia
D) Schwann cells