Deck 18: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

Question 1

Match the following:

A) Internal iliac artery
B) Aorta
C) Renal artery
D) Inferior mesenteric artery
E) Common hepatic artery
Largest artery of the body.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
Capillary found in endocrine organs that allows hormones to gain rapid entry into the blood.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Figure 18.2
Using Figure 18.2, match the following:
Inferior mesenteric vein.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Match the following:

A) External iliac artery
B) Brachiocephalic trunk
C) Internal carotid artery
D) Celiac trunk
E) Radial artery
Common site to take the pulse.

Question 5

Match the following:

A) Internal iliac artery
B) Aorta
C) Renal artery
D) Inferior mesenteric artery
E) Common hepatic artery
Supplies pelvic structures.

Question 6

Match the following:

A) Internal iliac artery
B) Aorta
C) Renal artery
D) Inferior mesenteric artery
E) Common hepatic artery
Artery that does not anastomose.

Question 7

Figure 18.2
Using Figure 18.2, match the following:
Superior mesenteric vein.

Question 8

Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
Capillary that may contain Kupffer cells in the lining.

Question 9

Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
Capillary found where active capillary absorption of filtrate occurs.

Question 10

Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
Sinusoid capillary.

Question 11

Match the following:

A) Internal iliac artery
B) Aorta
C) Renal artery
D) Inferior mesenteric artery
E) Common hepatic artery
Supplies the kidney.

Question 12

Figure 18.2
Using Figure 18.2, match the following:
Right gastroepiploic vein.

Question 13

Figure 18.2
Using Figure 18.2, match the following:
Hepatic portal vein.

Question 14

Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
Capillary with intercellular clefts found in the skin and muscles.

Question 15

Match the following:

A) External iliac artery
B) Brachiocephalic trunk
C) Internal carotid artery
D) Celiac trunk
E) Radial artery
Supplies a lower limb.

Question 16

Match the following:

A) External iliac artery
B) Brachiocephalic trunk
C) Internal carotid artery
D) Celiac trunk
E) Radial artery
Major supply to the cerebral hemispheres.

Question 17

Match the following:

A) Internal iliac artery
B) Aorta
C) Renal artery
D) Inferior mesenteric artery
E) Common hepatic artery
Supplies the duodenum and stomach.

Question 18

Match the following:

A) Internal iliac artery
B) Aorta
C) Renal artery
D) Inferior mesenteric artery
E) Common hepatic artery
Supplies the distal areas of the large intestine.

Question 19

Match the following:

A) External iliac artery
B) Brachiocephalic trunk
C) Internal carotid artery
D) Celiac trunk
E) Radial artery
Gives rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian artery.

Question 20

Figure 18.2
Using Figure 18.2, match the following:
Splenic vein.

Question 21

Match the following:

A) Axillary artery
B) External jugular vein
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Superior vena cava
E) Subclavian vein
Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

Question 22

Match the following:

A) Axillary artery
B) External jugular vein
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Superior vena cava
E) Subclavian vein
Drains the scalp.

Question 23

Match the following:

A) Capillaries
B) Large veins
C) Arterioles
D) Large arteries
Site where the blood pressure is greatest.

Question 24

Match the following:

A) Axillary artery
B) External jugular vein
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Superior vena cava
E) Subclavian vein
Receives blood from all areas superior to the diaphragm, except the heart wall.

Question 25

Match the following:

A) Pulmonary vein
B) Great saphenous vein
C) Brachial artery
D) Superior mesenteric artery
E) Femoral artery
Vessel commonly used as a coronary bypass vessel.

Question 26

Match the following:

A) Capillaries
B) Large veins
C) Arterioles
D) Large arteries
Site where the velocity of blood flow is fastest.

Question 27

Match the following:

A) Pulmonary vein
B) Great saphenous vein
C) Brachial artery
D) Superior mesenteric artery
E) Femoral artery
Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.

Question 28

Match the following:

A) Circulatory shock
B) Cardiogenic shock
C) Hypovolemic shock
D) Vascular shock
Results from heart inability to sustain adequate circulation due to myocardial damage

Question 29

Match the following:

A) Pulmonary vein
B) Great saphenous vein
C) Brachial artery
D) Superior mesenteric artery
E) Femoral artery
Supplies the small intestine.

Question 30

Match the following:

A) Capillaries
B) Large veins
C) Arterioles
D) Large arteries
Site where exchanges of food and gases are made.

Question 31

Match the following:

A) Capillaries
B) Large veins
C) Arterioles
D) Large arteries
Site where resistance to blood flow is greatest.

Question 32

Match the following:

A) Pulmonary vein
B) Great saphenous vein
C) Brachial artery
D) Superior mesenteric artery
E) Femoral artery
Artery usually ausculated to take the blood pressure.

Question 33

Match the following:

A) Capillaries
B) Large veins
C) Arterioles
D) Large arteries
Site where blood pressure is lowest.

Question 34

Match the following:

A) Axillary artery
B) External jugular vein
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Superior vena cava
E) Subclavian vein
Drains an upper extremity, a deep vein.

Question 35

Match the following:

A) Capillaries
B) Large veins
C) Arterioles
D) Large arteries
Site where the velocity of blood flow is slowest.

Question 36

Match the following:

A) Capillaries
B) Large veins
C) Arterioles
D) Large arteries
Site where the blood volume is greatest.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) Axillary artery
B) External jugular vein
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Superior vena cava
E) Subclavian vein
Runs through the armpit area, giving off branches to the axillae, chest wall, and shoulder girdle.

Question 38

Match the following:

A) Pulmonary vein
B) Great saphenous vein
C) Brachial artery
D) Superior mesenteric artery
E) Femoral artery
Major artery of the thigh.

Question 39

Match the following:

A) Capillaries
B) Large veins
C) Arterioles
D) Large arteries
Site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance.

Question 40

Match the following:

A) External iliac artery
B) Brachiocephalic trunk
C) Internal carotid artery
D) Celiac trunk
E) Radial artery
Large unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies the liver, stomach, and spleen.

Question 41

Match the following:

A) Circulatory shock
B) Cardiogenic shock
C) Hypovolemic shock
D) Vascular shock
Due to large-scale blood loss

Question 42

An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart.

Question 43

The adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirements at any point in time is termed autoregulation.

Question 44

A precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries.

Question 45

Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction.

Question 46

Match the following:

A) Circulatory shock
B) Cardiogenic shock
C) Hypovolemic shock
D) Vascular shock
Due to inadequate blood flow to meet tissue needs

Question 47

Match the following:

A) Circulatory shock
B) Cardiogenic shock
C) Hypovolemic shock
D) Vascular shock
Normal blood volume but poor circulation due to extreme vasodilation

Question 48

The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain, whereas the aortic reflex is more concerned with maintaining adequate blood pressure in the systemic circuit as a whole.

Question 49

Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg.

Question 50

Arteries supplying the same territory are often merged with one another, forming arterial anastomoses.

Question 51

An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance.

Question 52

Osmotic pressure is created by the presence in a fluid of small diffusible molecules that easily move through the capillary membrane.

Question 53

The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is an arterial anastomosis.

Question 54

The pulmonary circulation does not directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues.

Question 55

The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima.

Question 56

The azygos vein originates in the abdomen.

Question 57

Every minute, about
1.5 ml of fluid leaks out of the capillaries.

Question 58

The pancreas is an example of an organ with arteries that do not anastomose.

Question 59

The thick-walled arteries close to the heart are called muscular arteries.

Question 60

Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in the systemic circulation because of its proximity to the heart.

Question 61

Peripheral resistance ________.

A) decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel
B) increases as blood vessel diameter increases
C) increases as blood viscosity increases
D) is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals

Question 62

Which statement best describes arteries?

A) All carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
B) All carry blood away from the heart.
C) All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
D) Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.

Question 63

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.

A) arterioles
B) arteries
C) veins
D) capillaries

Question 64

Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?

A) Their prime function is the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells.
B) The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.
C) They distribute blood to various parts of the body.
D) They contain a large quantity of elastic tissue.

Question 65

Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock?

A) hypovolemic, caused by increased blood volume
B) cardiogenic, which results from any defect in blood vessels
C) vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone
D) circulatory, where blood volume is normal and constant

Question 66

Blood flow to the skin ________.

A) is controlled mainly by decreasing pH
B) increases when environmental temperature rises
C) increases when body temperature drops so that the skin does not freeze
D) is not an important source of nutrients and oxygen for skin cells

Question 67

Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?

A) neural controls
B) baroreceptor-initiated reflexes
C) chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes
D) renal regulation

Question 68

Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?

A) cardiac output
B) peripheral resistance
C) emotional state
D) blood volume

Question 69

The pulse pressure is ________.

A) systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure
B) systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
C) systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure
D) diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure)

Question 70

Whereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid, bulk flow is more important for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.

Question 71

The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________.

A) elastic arteries
B) muscular arteries
C) arterioles
D) capillaries

Question 72

Brain blood flow autoregulation ________.

A) is less sensitive to pH than to a decreased oxygen level
B) causes constriction of cerebral blood vessels in response to a drop in systemic blood pressure
C) is abolished when abnormally high CO₂ levels persist
D) is controlled by cardiac centers in the pons

Question 73

Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?

A) cold, clammy skin
B) increased heart rate
C) rapid, thready pulse
D) rapidly falling blood pressure

Question 74

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

A) Blood will be diverted to the digestive organs.
B) The skin will be cold and clammy.
C) Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.
D) Blood flow to the kidneys increases.

Question 75

Aldosterone will ________.

A) promote an increase in blood pressure
B) promote a decrease in blood volume
C) result in a larger output of urine
D) decrease sodium reabsorption

Question 76

Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?

A) hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
B) hydrostatic pressure only
C) blood volume and viscosity
D) plasma and formed element concentration

Question 77

Which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is False?

A) It carries nutrients, toxins, and microorganisms to the liver for processing.
B) Its major vessels are the superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and splenic veins.
C) It consists of a vein connecting two capillary beds together.
D) It branches off of the inferior vena cava.

Question 78

Which of the following is True about veins?

A) Venous valves are formed from the tunica media.
B) Up to 35% of total body blood is in venous circulation at any given time.
C) Veins have a small lumen in relation to the thickness of the vessel wall.
D) Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs.

Question 79

Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?

A) ADH
B) atrial natriuretic peptide
C) angiotensin II
D) nitric acid

Question 80

The most common type of blood capillary is the ________.

A) sinusoidal capillary
B) continuous capillary
C) fenestrated capillary
D) distributing capillary