Deck 3: Cells: the Living Units

Question 1

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Identification "tags" for the cell.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Site of synthesis of lipid and steroid molecules.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Hydrophilic portion of phospholipid.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Match the following:

A) Synthetase enzymes
B) Transfer RNA
C) Messenger RNA
D) ATP
E) Ribosomal RNA
Forms part of the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm.

Question 5

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Site of enzymatic breakdown of phagocytized material.

Question 6

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Packages proteins for insertion in the cell membrane or for exocytosis.

Question 7

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Glycocalyx.

Question 8

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Nonpolar region of phospholipid.

Question 9

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Forms the mitotic spindle.

Question 10

Match the following:

A) Synthetase enzymes
B) Transfer RNA
C) Messenger RNA
D) ATP
E) Ribosomal RNA
Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA.

Question 11

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Integral protein.

Question 12

Match the following:

A) Synthetase enzymes
B) Transfer RNA
C) Messenger RNA
D) ATP
E) Ribosomal RNA
May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm.

Question 13

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Polar region of phospholipid.

Question 14

Match the following:

A) Synthetase enzymes
B) Transfer RNA
C) Messenger RNA
D) ATP
E) Ribosomal RNA
Produced in the nucleus, this molecule specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made.

Question 15

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Replicate for cell division.

Question 16

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Source of cell autolysis.

Question 17

Match the following:

A) Synthetase enzymes
B) Transfer RNA
C) Messenger RNA
D) ATP
E) Ribosomal RNA
Provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions.

Question 18

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:
Peripheral protein.

Question 19

Match the following:

A) Synthetase enzymes
B) Transfer RNA
C) Messenger RNA
D) ATP
E) Ribosomal RNA
Act as "interpreter" molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide base sequences.

Question 20

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
Produces ATP aerobically.

Question 21

In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute concentration.

Question 22

Match the following:

A) Tight junctions
B) Desmosomes
C) Gap junctions
Communicating junction.

Question 23

Match the following:

A) Late prophase
B) Telophase
C) Metaphase
D) Early prophase
E) Anaphase
Chromosomal centromeres split and chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell.

Question 24

Match the following:

A) Ribosomes
B) Nucleoli
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Microtubules
E) Nucleus
Hollow cytoskeletal elements that act as organizers for the cytoskeleton.

Question 25

Match the following:

A) Late prophase
B) Telophase
C) Metaphase
D) Early prophase
E) Anaphase
Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate.

Question 26

Match the following:

A) Tight junctions
B) Desmosomes
C) Gap junctions
Type of anchoring junction.

Question 27

Match the following:

A) Tight junctions
B) Desmosomes
C) Gap junctions
Help prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells.

Question 28

Lipid rafts, found in the cell outer membrane surface, are concentrating platforms for certain receptor molecules or for protein molecules needed for cell signaling.

Question 29

Match the following:

A) Ribosomes
B) Nucleoli
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Microtubules
E) Nucleus
Plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins.

Question 30

Match the following:

A) Tight junctions
B) Desmosomes
C) Gap junctions
Abundant in tissues subjected to great mechanical stress.

Question 31

Introns represent a genome scrap yard that provides DNA segments for genome evolution and a variety of small RNA molecules.

Question 32

Match the following:

A) Late prophase
B) Telophase
C) Metaphase
D) Early prophase
E) Anaphase
Chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin.

Question 33

Match the following:

A) Ribosomes
B) Nucleoli
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Microtubules
E) Nucleus
The actual site of protein synthesis.

Question 34

Match the following:

A) Ribosomes
B) Nucleoli
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Microtubules
E) Nucleus
Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA.

Question 35

Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has exactly as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 36

Match the following:

A) Tight junctions
B) Desmosomes
C) Gap junctions
Present in electrically excitable tissues.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) Late prophase
B) Telophase
C) Metaphase
D) Early prophase
E) Anaphase
Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell.

Question 38

Match the following:

A) Ribosomes
B) Nucleoli
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Microtubules
E) Nucleus
Houses DNA and RNA.

Question 39

Final preparation for cell division is made during the cell life cycle subphase called G₂.

Question 40

Match the following:

A) Late prophase
B) Telophase
C) Metaphase
D) Early prophase
E) Anaphase
Chromosomes align on the spindle equator.

Question 41

Cholesterol helps to stabilize the cell membrane while decreasing the mobility of the phospholipids.

Question 42

There is only one cell type in the human body that has a flagellum.

Question 43

DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication.

Question 44

The speed of individual particle diffusion is influenced by temperature and particle size, not by concentration.

Question 45

Which of the following is False regarding the membrane potential?

A) In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential.
B) The resting membrane potential occurs due to active transport of ions across the membrane due to the sodium-potassium pump.
C) The resting membrane potential is determined mainly by the concentration gradients and differential permeability of the plasma membrane to K⁺ and Na⁺ions.
D) The resting membrane potential is maintained by solely by passive transport processes.

Question 46

Concentration differences cause ionic imbalances that polarize the cell membrane, and active transport processes.

Question 47

In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential ranging from -50 to about +50 millivolts.

Question 48

Aquaporins are believed to be present in red blood cells and kidney tubules, but not in any other cells in the body.

Question 49

Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.

Question 50

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules.

Question 51

Most organelles are bounded by a membrane that is quite different in structure from the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.

Question 52

The glycocalyx is often referred to as the "cell coat," which is somewhat fuzzy and sticky with numerous cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cell membrane.

Question 53

A process by which large particles may be taken into the protection of the body by invaders like bacteria, or for disposing of old or dead cells is called phagocytosis.

Question 54

Nitric oxide is known to be the first gas to act as a biological messenger.

Question 55

Facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein.

Question 56

Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages?

A) exocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) pinocytosis
D) intracellular vesicular trafficking

Question 57

The orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 58

Microtubules are hollow tubes made of subunits of the protein tubulin.

Question 59

Diffusion movement always occurs from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.

Question 60

Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein myosin.

Question 61

Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion?

A) The rate is independent of temperature.
B) The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate.
C) Molecular weight of a substance does not affect the rate.
D) The lower the temperature, the faster the rate.

Question 62

Mitosis ________.

A) is the formation of sex cells
B) is division of the nucleus
C) creates diversity in genetic potential
D) is always a part of the cell cycle

Question 63

Which of the following is not a factor that binds cells together?

A) glycoproteins in the glycocalyx
B) glycolipids in the glycocalyx
C) wavy contours of the membranes of adjacent cells
D) special membrane junctions

Question 64

Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane?

A) It is selectively permeable but permits water and gases to cross.
B) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell.
C) It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition.
D) It encloses the cell contents in such a way that water I the body is divided into separate compartments.

Question 65

In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in ________.

A) the smooth ER
B) the rough ER
C) both smooth and rough ER
D) the cytoplasm

Question 66

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?

A) a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell
B) a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma
C) a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell
D) a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae

Question 67

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?

A) The cells will swell and ultimately burst.
B) The cells will lose water and shrink.
C) The cells will shrink at first, but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution and return to their original condition.
D) The cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent.

Question 68

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?

A) TGCAA
B) ACGTT
C) UGCAA
D) GUACC

Question 69

Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to ________.

A) changes in the environment
B) specific tRNAs
C) specific codes from the DNA
D) the presence or absence of ubiquitins

Question 70

Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?

A) stereocilia
B) microvilli
C) primary cilia
D) flagella

Question 71

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?

A) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.
B) If the base sequence of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template will be UCCAGU.
C) There is exactly one specific type of mRNA for each amino acid.
D) rRNA is always attached to the rough ER.

Question 72

Which of the following would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane?

A) glycolipids
B) messenger RNA
C) glycoproteins
D) phospholipids

Question 73

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens?

A) A ribosome enters the vacuole and uses the amino acids in the "invader" to form new protein.
B) A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.
C) The vacuole remains separated from the cytoplasm and the solid material persists unchanged.
D) The phagocytized material is stored until further breakdown can occur.

Question 74

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of pinwheel array of 9 triplets of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a ________.

A) centrosome
B) centriole
C) chromosome
D) ribosome

Question 75

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is ________.

A) rRNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) ssRNA

Question 76

Which of these is an inclusion, not an organelle?

A) melanin
B) lysosome
C) microtubule
D) cilia

Question 77

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.

A) shrink
B) swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached
C) neither shrink nor swell
D) swell and burst

Question 78

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

A) circulating antibody
B) molecular transport through the membrane
C) forms a lipid bilayer
D) oxygen transport

Question 79

What moves cell organelles from one location to another inside a cell?

A) Motor proteins
B) Microtubules
C) Microfilaments
D) Intermediate filaments

Question 80

Which type of cell junction acts as anchors and distributes tension through a cellular sheet and reduces the chance of tearing when it is subjected to great mechanical stress?

A) gap junctions
B) desmosomes
C) connexons
D) tight junctions