Deck 15: The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons

Question 1

The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the

A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Division that is dominant during exercise, excitement, or emergencies.

A) parasympathetic
B) enteric nervous system
C) inferior hypogastric plexus
D) sympathetic
E) cholinergic

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Short nerve branches that connect the ventral rami of spinal nerves to the sympathetic ganglia.

A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) medulla oblongata
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A descriptive term that identifies the type of neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers.

A) postganglionic neuron
B) adrenergic
C) medulla
D) cholinergic
E) none of the above

Question 5

Figure 15.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the cardiac plexus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Figure 15.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the aortic plexus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Adrenergic hormones are secreted into the bloodstream in this region of the adrenal gland.

A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) medulla oblongata
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Question 8

Figure 15.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the

A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Question 10

Division of the ANS most active during vigorous exercise describes the

A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Question 11

Figure 15.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the pelvic sympathetic trunk?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 15.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the left vagus nerve?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Sympathetic structures of the abdomen that lie anterior to the vertebral column.

A) collateral ganglia
B) rami communicantes
C) pre-ganglionic neuron
D) hypothalamus
E) medulla oblongata

Question 14

The overall integrating center for the ANS.

A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) medulla oblongata
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Question 15

Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the

A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Question 16

Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion.

A) parasympathetic
B) enteric nervous system
C) inferior hypogastric plexus
D) sympathetic
E) cholinergic

Question 17

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS.

A) collateral ganglia
B) rami communicantes
C) pre-ganglionic neuron
D) splanchnic nerves
E) post-ganglionic neuron

Question 18

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies within the CNS.

A) collateral ganglia
B) rami communicantes
C) pre-ganglionic neuron
D) splanchnic nerves
E) post-ganglionic neuron

Question 19

This division can also be called the craniosacral division.

A) parasympathetic division
B) sympathetic division
C) autonomic nervous system

Question 20

A class of preganglionic fibers present in both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

A) postganglionic neuron
B) adrenergic
C) medulla
D) cholinergic
E) none of the above

Question 21

The defecation and urination reflexes are integrated in the

A) brain stem.
B) cerebral cortex.
C) hypothalamus.
D) spinal cord.

Question 22

Which of these characteristics definitively distinguishes the autonomic nervous system from the somatic nervous system?

A) cell bodies outside the CNS
B) cell bodies within the CNS
C) cholinergic fibers
D) myelinated axons

Question 23

Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in skin?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) integumentary

Question 24

The gray and white rami communicantes attach to the

A) dorsal root ganglia.
B) ventral rami.
C) dorsal roots.
D) spinal nerves.

Question 25

Location in the brain of the cardiorespiratory and vasomotor control centers.

A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) medulla oblongata
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Question 26

Which division of the nervous system is characterized by highly branched postganglionic fibers that innervate multiple organs?

A) parasympathetic
B) somatic motor
C) sympathetic
D) visceral sensory

Question 27

Focusing the eye on a nearby object in the field of vision is a function of which division of the ANS?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) cranial

Question 28

Another name for the ANS is the

A) general visceral motor system.
B) general somatic motor system.
C) branchial motor system.
D) general peripheral nervous system.

Question 29

Which of these statements concerning the glossopharyngeal nerve is incorrect?

A) The preganglionic fibers originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus.
B) The pre- and postganglionic fibers travel in this nerve.
C) The pre- and postganglionic fibers synapse in the otic ganglion.
D) Stimulation induces secretion from the parotid gland.

Question 30

Sacral nerves carrying parasympathetic innervation to the pelvic organs.

A) pelvic splanchnic nerves
B) sacral splanchnic nerves
C) thoracic splanchnic nerves
D) vagus nerve
E) enteric nervous system

Question 31

Three-neuron reflex arcs that exist entirely within the walls of the digestive tract.

A) parasympathetic
B) enteric nervous system
C) inferior hypogastric plexus
D) sympathetic
E) cholinergic

Question 32

A nurse encountered a patient in a wheelchair 3 months after the patient had sustained a crushing injury to his cervical spinal cord at the level of C₆ in a motorcycle accident. Although the patient was paralyzed, his limbs were thrashing, his face was bright red, and he was sweating profusely. What was happening?

A) Horner's syndrome
B) vagotomy
C) mass reflex
D) Raynaud's disease

Question 33

Which of these is not innervated by the ANS?

A) cardiac muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) skeletal muscle
D) glands

Question 34

Ganglia of this structure are connected to the ventral rami of spinal nerves through the rami communicantes.

A) collateral ganglia
B) sympathetic trunk
C) pre-vertebral ganglia
D) inferior hypogastric plexus
E) celiac ganglion

Question 35

Which of these is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division?

A) branched fibers
B) cholinergic fibers
C) intramural ganglia
D) myelinated fibers

Question 36

Which of the following cranial nerves does not supply parasympathetic fibers to the head?

A) oculomotor
B) facial
C) vagus
D) glossopharyngeal

Question 37

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic fibers within the facial nerve?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) CNS

Question 38

Only about half a dozen parasympathetic ganglia have specific names. Two of these are the

A) celiac and superior mesenteric.
B) inferior and superior hypogastric.
C) ciliary and pterygopalatine.
D) chain and prevertebral.

Question 39

All of the following have only sympathetic innervation except the

A) blood vessels.
B) sweat glands.
C) arrector pili.
D) salivary glands.

Question 40

Network of autonomic axons giving rise to nerves of the pelvic organs.

A) aortic plexus
B) pulmonary plexus
C) inferior hypogastric plexus
D) stellate ganglion
E) dorsal root ganglion

Question 41

What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones?

A) postganglionic sympathetic neurons
B) preganglionic sympathetic neurons
C) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
D) postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Question 42

Which of these statements is not a characteristic of collateral ganglia of the sympathetic division?

A) They lie in the abdomen and pelvis.
B) They are paired and segmented.
C) They lie anterior to the vertebral column.
D) They are located mostly on the abdominal aorta.

Question 43

Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the

A) dorsal root ganglia.
B) intramural ganglia.
C) lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
D) sympathetic trunk.

Question 44

The part of the brain that exerts more control over autonomic functioning than any other part is the

A) hypothalamus.
B) thalamus.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) cerebellum.

Question 45

The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the

A) thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.
B) higher brain centers.
C) chain and prevertebral ganglia.
D) brain stem and the sacral region of the cord.

Question 46

Which of these statements concerning the sympathetic division is incorrect?

A) The preganglionic cell bodies form the lateral gray horn in some areas of the spinal cord.
B) There is a sympathetic trunk ganglion for each of the 31 spinal nerves.
C) There is approximately one chain ganglion for each spinal nerve.
D) It is more complex than the parasympathetic system because it supplies more structures than the parasympathetic system.

Question 47

Cranial parasympathetic outflow is contained in all of the following cranial nerves except the

A) accessory.
B) facial.
C) glossopharyngeal.
D) vagus.

Question 48

Which of the following autonomic plexi does not lie on the aorta or on the main branches of the aorta?

A) celiac
B) superior mesenteric
C) inferior mesenteric
D) inferior hypogastric

Question 49

Which autonomic division increases heart rate?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) cranial

Question 50

The sympathetic system causes

A) decreased blood glucose and peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.
B) increased blood glucose and peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure.
C) increased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and decreased peristalsis.
D) decreased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and increased peristalsis.

Question 51

The trunk ganglia contain what kind of cell bodies?

A) preganglionic parasympathetic
B) postganglionic parasympathetic
C) preganglionic sympathetic
D) postganglionic sympathetic

Question 52

Parasympathetic ganglia that are located within the walls of the innervated organs are called

A) collateral ganglia.
B) dorsal root ganglia.
C) intramural ganglia.
D) paravertebral ganglia.

Question 53

Postganglionic neurons in the pterygopalatine ganglion

A) are very active when you cry.
B) are adrenergic.
C) run from the head to the abdomen.
D) are primarily sympathetic fibers.

Question 54

All of the following plexi contain fibers from the vagus nerve except

A) the otic.
B) the esophageal.
C) the celiac.
D) the superior mesenteric.

Question 55

Which of these statements concerning gray rami communicantes is incorrect?

A) They carry postganglionic fibers to peripheral structures.
B) Their fibers are unmyelinated.
C) They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain.
D) They are associated with sympathetic trunk ganglia.

Question 56

Which of these descriptions is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

A) production of goose bumps
B) constriction of the pupils
C) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
D) contraction of the bladder wall in urination

Question 57

Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel within the

A) accessory nerve.
B) facial nerve.
C) trigeminal nerve.
D) vestibulocochlear nerve.

Question 58

The micturition (urination) reflex is controlled by a parasympathetic reflex pathway in which

A) the preganglionic neurons are in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in the brain.
B) the preganglionic cell bodies are in the wall of the bladder.
C) the preganglionic axons occur in pelvic splanchnic nerves.
D) the postganglionic axons occur in the celiac plexus.

Question 59

In which autonomic division do nerve cell bodies lie closest to the organs being innervated?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) visceral sensory
D) somatic motor

Question 60

The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by

A) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers.
B) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and long postganglionic fibers.
C) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and short postganglionic fibers.
D) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and long postganglionic fibers.

Question 61

Another name for a chain ganglion is

A) sympathetic trunk.
B) paravertebral ganglion.
C) prevertebral ganglion.
D) intramural ganglion.

Question 62

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following except

A) constriction of most blood vessels.
B) dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles.
C) increase in heart rate and force.
D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera.

Question 63

The ANS stimulates cardiac muscle as well as smooth muscle and glands. Which of the following nerves carries autonomic fibers that increase the rate of cardiac muscle contraction?

A) phrenic nerves
B) sympathetic nerves from the lower half of the thoracolumbar spinal cord
C) vagus nerves
D) sympathetic nerves from the middle and inferior cervical ganglion

Question 64

The adrenal medulla is stimulated by preganglionic neurons localized to gray matter of the spinal cord

A) in the cervical region.
B) in the upper thoracic region.
C) in the lower thoracic region.
D) in the lower lumbar region.

Question 65

Which one of these is solely innervated by the parasympathetic division?

A) adipose tissue
B) arrector pili muscle of the hair follicle
C) ciliary muscle of the eye
D) sweat glands

Question 66

Which of the following disorders of the sympathetic division does not involve a problem with blood vessels?

A) mass reflex reaction
B) congenital megacolon
C) Raynaud's disease
D) hypertension

Question 67

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs?

A) constriction
B) dilation
C) decreased secretion of mucus
D) no effect

Question 68

Preganglionic fibers are myelinated, whereas postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.

Question 69

Control of temperature, of autonomic nervous reflexes, of hunger, and of sleep are functions associated with the

A) medulla.
B) cerebellum.
C) hypothalamus.
D) thalamus.

Question 70

The cell bodies of postganglionic neurons that stimulate secretion of the parotid gland are in the

A) superior cervical ganglion.
B) submandibular ganglion.
C) otic ganglion.
D) sphenopalatine ganglion.

Question 71

Parasympathetic impulses to the stomach pass through the

A) celiac plexus.
B) esophageal plexus.
C) inferior hypogastric plexus.
D) superior mesenteric plexus.

Question 72

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.

Question 73

Identify the pathway that correctly traces the movement of preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

A) dorsal root to gray ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion
B) dorsal root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to gray ramus communicans
C) ventral root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to white ramus communicans
D) ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion

Question 74

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of

A) parasympathetic innervation.
B) sympathetic stimulation.
C) vagus nerve activity.
D) reflex control.

Question 75

Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the

A) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.
B) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.
C) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.
D) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

Question 76

Visceral pain results from all the following except

A) cutting of an organ.
B) chemical irritation of an organ.
C) excessive stretch of an organ.
D) inflammation of an organ.

Question 77

This organ contains modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons that lack nerve processes.

A) adrenal medulla
B) collateral ganglia
C) stellate ganglion
D) sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 78

Over 90% of all preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are in cranial nerve

A) III.
B) V.
C) VII.
D) X.

Question 79

Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?

A) in the head
B) in the cervical region
C) in the armpit
D) alongside the vertebral column

Question 80

Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the

A) dorsal root ganglia.
B) intramural ganglia.
C) lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
D) sympathetic trunk.