Deck 17: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Pancreatic cell type that produces glucagon.

A) alpha cells
B) beta cells
C) delta cells
D) gamma cells
E) PP cells

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a brain region (diencephalon) producing releasing and inhibiting hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Gland of the posterior diencephalon.

A) neurohypophysis
B) adneohypophysis
C) pineal gland
D) thymus gland
E) parathyroid gland

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes melatonin.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a "master gland" that secretes at least nine hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that regulates circadian rhythms.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Region of the hypophysis that releases hormones stored in neurosecretory bodies in axon terminals.

A) tuber cinerum
B) neurohypophysis
C) infundibulum
D) pars tuberalis
E) adenohypophysis

Question 8

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Secretes hormones that control blood sugar levels.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Immune organ that also secretes endocrine hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells.

A) thyroid gland
B) thymus gland
C) gonadal cells of the ovaries/testes
D) adrenal gland
E) pancreas

Question 11

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the hypophysis, which consists of an anterior and posterior lobe.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes hormone that controls metabolic rate.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Figure 17.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a myelinated axon tract representative of a commissure connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Largest purely endocrine gland in the body.

A) pancreas
B) hypophysis
C) adrenal gland
D) thyroid gland
E) thymus gland

Question 15

Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm.

A) tuber cinerum
B) neurohypophysis
C) infundibulum
D) pars tuberalis
E) adenohypophysis

Question 16

Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.

A) alpha cells
B) beta cells
C) delta cells
D) gamma cells
E) PP cells

Question 17

Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function.

A) mineralocorticoids
B) glucocorticoids
C) androgens
D) gonadotrophins
E) amino acid-based hormones

Question 18

The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as

A) tuber cinerum.
B) neurohypophysis.
C) infundibulum.
D) pars tuberalis.
E) adenohypophysis.

Question 19

Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children.

A) parathyroid hormone
B) calcitonin
C) thyroxine
D) catecholamines
E) oxytocin

Question 20

Figure 17.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes corticosteroids.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

Cells of the thyroid that produce calcitonin.

A) follicular cells
B) parafollicular cells
C) parathyroid cells
D) oxyphil cells
E) pituicytes

Question 22

Which of the following is a major source of steroid hormones in the body?

A) the gonads
B) the adrenal medulla
C) the thyroid
D) the pituitary

Question 23

Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA.

A) zona glomerulosa
B) zona fasiculata
C) zona reticularis
D) tuber cinerum
E) chrommafin cells

Question 24

Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone?

A) iodine
B) calcium
C) iron
D) copper

Question 25

Which of the following is not part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) pars distalis
B) pars intermedia
C) pars tuberalis
D) pars nervosa

Question 26

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pars distalis does not regulate the function of other endocrine glands?

A) MSH
B) TSH
C) ACTH
D) FSH

Question 27

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) LH
B) ADH
C) glucagon
D) adrenaline

Question 28

Jellylike substance found in the thyroid follicles containing high concentrations of stored thyroglobulin.

A) brain sand
B) colloid
C) acinar
D) cortisol

Question 29

The hormone produced by the heart

A) decreases urine output.
B) increases calcium levels in the blood.
C) is secreted in response to low blood volumes.
D) increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.

Question 30

Which endocrine gland stands out in X-ray images and helps radiologists get oriented in the brain?

A) the pineal gland
B) the pituitary gland
C) the hypothalamus
D) the thyroid gland

Question 31

Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months?

A) the pituitary
B) the thyroid
C) the pancreas
D) the ovary

Question 32

Somatostatin

A) increases the release of insulin.
B) increases the release of glucagon.
C) inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon.
D) inhibits the exocrine activity of the pancreas.

Question 33

Which of the following hormones indirectly increases the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?

A) ACTH
B) renin
C) TSH
D) corticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 34

Class of hormones that regulates secretions of other endocrine glands.

A) acidophilic
B) basophilic
C) tropic
D) atrial naturetic peptide
E) renin

Question 35

Which of the following statements concerning the endocrine glands is incorrect?

A) They are a group of ductless glands.
B) They secrete messenger molecules called hormones.
C) The hormones they secrete travel more quickly than nerve impulses.
D) The hormones they secrete regulate processes such as growth and metabolism.

Question 36

Which arrangement of endocrine cells does not allow for maximum contact with blood capillaries?

A) branching networks
B) clusters
C) cords
D) ducts

Question 37

The action of the parathyroid hormone is counteracted by

A) thyroxin.
B) calcitonin.
C) oxytocin.
D) GH.

Question 38

The adrenal medulla secretes

A) aldosterone.
B) cortisol.
C) epinephrine and norepinephrine.
D) glucocorticoids.

Question 39

Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function.

A) neurohypophysis
B) adneohypophysis
C) pineal gland
D) thymus gland
E) parathyroid gland

Question 40

Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx?

A) anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary
B) thyroid and parathyroids
C) pineal
D) adrenal medulla

Question 41

Erythropoietin is produced in the

A) kidney.
B) heart.
C) bone marrow.
D) thymus.

Question 42

The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the

A) pars nervosa.
B) infundibulum.
C) tuber cinereum.
D) pars intermedia.

Question 43

The secretion of hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary is controlled by the

A) pars distalis.
B) pancreatic islets.
C) hypothalamus.
D) atria of the heart.

Question 44

The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormone is

A) hormonal.
B) humoral.
C) nervous.
D) calcium.

Question 45

Which of the following hormones is secreted into the primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system?

A) growth hormone-releasing hormone
B) growth hormone
C) ADH
D) oxytocin

Question 46

The hypophyseal pouch is involved in the formation of the

A) thyroid gland.
B) thymus.
C) pineal gland.
D) pituitary gland.

Question 47

Prolactinoma is the most common tumor of the

A) pineal gland.
B) thyroid.
C) adrenal medulla.
D) pituitary gland.

Question 48

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the placenta?

A) estrogens
B) testosterone
C) progesterone
D) hCG

Question 49

Which of the following is not part of the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) infundibular stalk
B) median eminence
C) pars intermedia
D) pars nervosa

Question 50

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is produced by

A) corticotropic cells.
B) gonadotropic cells.
C) somatotropic cells.
D) thyrotropic cells.

Question 51

Individuals with type 2 diabetes

A) have an absolute requirement for insulin injections.
B) have normal concentrations of glucose in their blood.
C) may often control their disease by diet and exercise.
D) have pancreases that produce and secrete very little insulin.

Question 52

The major stimulus for the release of the amine hormones of the adrenal gland is

A) hormonal.
B) humoral.
C) nervous.
D) adrenaline.

Question 53

Which of the following hormones is secreted by cardiac muscle cells?

A) ADH
B) FSH
C) atrial natriuretic hormone
D) epinephrine

Question 54

Which of the following statements concerning the supraoptic nucleus is False?

A) It is part of the hypothalamus.
B) It gets its name because it is superior to the optic chiasma.
C) It is a brain nucleus rather than a cell nucleus.
D) It produces the hormone oxytocin.

Question 55

Of the following endocrine organs, which does not migrate away from its original site of formation in the embryo?

A) thymus
B) parathyroid glands
C) thyroid gland
D) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 56

Compared to most other organs in the body, endocrine organs are

A) well vascularized.
B) poorly vascularized.
C) have an average amount of vascularization.
D) mainly epithelial cells.

Question 57

The target of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is

A) the gonads.
B) the parathyroid.
C) the thymus.
D) the thyroid.

Question 58

Which of the following hormones is secreted by neurons?

A) oxytocin
B) thyroid hormone
C) growth hormone
D) insulin

Question 59

Vitamin D is synthesized and secreted by

A) bone cells.
B) the brain.
C) the epithelium of the small intestine.
D) the epidermis.

Question 60

The condition in which a neoplasm leads to hypersecretion of amine hormones by the adrenal medulla is called

A) Graves' disease.
B) pheochromocytoma.
C) myxedema.
D) acromegaly.

Question 61

The beta type of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets secretes a hormone that

A) lowers blood sugar levels.
B) raises blood sugar concentrations.
C) targets liver cells.
D) inhibits secretion by the exocrine pancreas.

Question 62

Androgens are secreted and directly converted to estrogens and testosterone by the

A) pituitary gland.
B) peripheral reproductive cells.
C) gonadotropic cells.
D) interstitial cells.

Question 63

The cells that secrete parathyroid hormone are called

A) parafollicular cells.
B) oxyphil cells.
C) parathyroid cells.
D) follicular cells.

Question 64

The primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system is located in

A) the hypothalamus.
B) the infundibular stalk.
C) the median eminence.
D) the pars tuberalis.

Question 65

Cells that manufacture and secrete aldosterone are located in the

A) zona glomerulosa.
B) renal cortex.
C) pars distalis.
D) pars nervosa.

Question 66

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland?

A) melatonin
B) melanocyte-stimulating hormone
C) prolactin-inhibiting hormone
D) oxytocin

Question 67

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pars distalis is a tropic hormone?

A) MSH
B) LH
C) prolactin
D) growth hormone

Question 68

Cells of the adrenal medulla are most closely allied with

A) the exocrine acinar cells of the pancreas.
B) the pinealocytes.
C) the sympathetic neurons.
D) the T lymphocytes of the immune system.

Question 69

The artery that supplies most of the pituitary gland (but not the pars nervosa) is the

A) primary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system.
B) basilar artery on the brain stem.
C) superior hypophyseal artery.
D) hypophyseal branch of the external carotid artery.

Question 70

A cell type in the pars distalis that secretes two major kinds of hormones instead of one is the

A) somatotropic cell.
B) gonadotropic cell.
C) thyrotropic cell.
D) prolactin cell.

Question 71

The thyroid gland is located

A) anterior to the aortic arch.
B) immediately inferior to the larynx.
C) on the superior aspect of the kidneys.
D) posterior to the sternum.

Question 72

Parathyroid hormone causes all of the following except

A) activation of vitamin D.
B) decreased secretion of calcium by the kidney.
C) increase in plasma calcium.
D) inhibition of osteoclasts.

Question 73

Cells that manufacture and secrete ACTH are located in the

A) adrenal cortex.
B) adrenal medulla.
C) pituitary gland.
D) heart.

Question 74

Pituitary disorders include all of the following except

A) gigantism.
B) acromegaly.
C) pituitary dwarfism.
D) Graves' disease.

Question 75

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by trauma to the

A) posterior pituitary gland.
B) pancreas.
C) gonads.
D) kidney.

Question 76

Which cells produce the thyroid hormone precursor thyroglobulin?

A) parathyroid cells
B) follicular cells
C) oxyphil cells
D) parafollicular cells

Question 77

Cells that manufacture and secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone are located in the

A) thyroid gland.
B) hypothalamus.
C) pars distalis.
D) adrenal cortex.

Question 78

Which region of the adrenal cortex consists of cells arranged in parallel cords?

A) zona fasciculata
B) zona glomerulosa
C) zona pellucia
D) zona reticularis

Question 79

Endocrine cells that secrete steroids have all of the following cytoplasmic features except

A) abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B) secretion via diffusion.
C) lipid droplets.
D) secretory granules.

Question 80

Cells that manufacture and secrete androgens are located in the

A) bone tissue.
B) pituitary gland.
C) zona reticularis.
D) nonpregnant uterus.