Deck 19: The Heart

Question 1

The region between the right and left pleural cavities is the

A) pulmonary cavity.
B) peritoneal cavity.
C) pericardial cavity.
D) vertebral cavity.
E) mediastinum.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Figure 19.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the ligamentum arteriosum.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Figure 19.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left auricle.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 19.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae, comprised of cells from the myocardium.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Figure 19.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the tissue layer of the heart known as the epicardium.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Figure 19.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the aortic arch.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 19.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the location of the bundle branches.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

The heart chamber that receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle
E) left auricle

Question 9

The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle
E) right auricle

Question 10

Figure 19.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left atrioventricular valve.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Figure 19.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 19.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the thicker myocardial layer of the left ventricle.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

The internal C-shaped crest of the right atrium which indicates the openings for the Superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava is

A) ligamentum arteriosum.
B) crista terminalis.
C) trabeculae carneae.
D) pectinate muscles.
E) fossa ovalis.

Question 14

Heart valve with two cusps.

A) mitral valve
B) pulmonary semilunar valve
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) fossa ovalis
E) atrioventricular bundle

Question 15

Cells of the conducting system located between the AV node and bundle branches.

A) trabeculae carneae
B) pectinate muscles
C) crista terminalis
D) papillary muscles
E) atrioventricular bundle

Question 16

The accumulation of pericardial fluid due to inflammation or the accumulation of blood in the pericardial cavity can lead to

A) pericarditis.
B) pleuritis.
C) cardiac tamponade.
D) fasciae adherens.
E) mitral valve prolapse.

Question 17

Figure 19.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left coronary artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Contraction of these structures tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing valve prolapse.

A) trabeculae carneae
B) pectinate muscles
C) crista terminalis
D) papillary muscles
E) atrioventricular bundle

Question 19

The valve responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the lungs into the heart.

A) tricuspid valve
B) bicuspid valve
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) pulmonary semilunar valve
E) pectinate muscles

Question 20

Threadlike structures of the endocardium that prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.

A) ligamentum arteriosum
B) pectinate muscles
C) trabeculae carneae
D) chordae tendineae
E) fossa ovalis

Question 21

The cusps of the valves of the heart are covered by

A) epicardium.
B) myocardium.
C) endocardium.
D) modified pericardium.

Question 22

The superior corner of the right atrium of the heart is located at the

A) costal cartilage of the sixth rib, a finger's width lateral to the sternum.
B) costal cartilage of the third rib where it attaches to the sternum.
C) fifth intercostal space along a line extending inferiorly from the midpoint of the clavicle.
D) midpoint of the jugular notch.

Question 23

Coronary artery that supplies the left atrium.

A) circumflex artery
B) left anterior descending artery
C) marginal artery
D) posterior descending artery
E) pulmonary artery

Question 24

Large cardiac cells of the conducting system embedded in the ventricular walls between the endocardium and myocardium.

A) atrioventricular bundle
B) atrioventricular branches
C) subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)
D) sinoatrial node
E) atrioventricular node

Question 25

The auricles are

A) earlike flaps on the surface of the ventricles.
B) earlike flaps on the surface of the atria.
C) projections of the endothelium into the ventricles.
D) modifications of the pectinate muscles on the inner surface of the atria.

Question 26

Enlargement of the heart with progressive decline in pumping efficiency.

A) cardiac tamponade
B) congestive heart failure
C) heart block
D) myocardial infarction
E) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 27

Which of the following vessels does not carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart?

A) the superior vena cava
B) the inferior vena cava
C) the pulmonary vein
D) the coronary sinus

Question 28

Which structure develops from the embryological chamber called the bulbus cordis?

A) the left atrium
B) the right ventricle
C) the left ventricle
D) the sinoatrial node

Question 29

Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle?

A) the pectinate muscles
B) the mitral valve
C) the trabeculae carneae
D) the papillary muscles

Question 30

The pericardial cavity lies between

A) the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium.
B) the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium.
C) the serous pericardium and the epicardium.
D) the fibrous pericardium and the diaphragm.

Question 31

How did the sinoatrial (SA) node most likely get its name?

A) It is on the side of the atrium.
B) It lies at the opening of the coronary sinus.
C) It is damaged by sinus infections (head colds).
D) It develops from the sinus venosus and lies in an atrium.

Question 32

A penetrating stab wound to the heart wall that causes blood to leak into the pericardial cavity would result in

A) cardiac tamponade.
B) myocardial infarction.
C) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
D) endocarditis.

Question 33

What structures anchor the chordae tendineae?

A) trabeculae carneae
B) papillary muscles
C) pectinate muscles
D) semilunar valves

Question 34

A condition in which the ventricles are unable to pump blood efficiently because of rapid, random contraction of cardiac muscle fibers is called

A) atrial fibrillation.
B) ventricular fibrillation.
C) pulmonary arterial hypertension.
D) congestive heart failure.

Question 35

Parasympathetic impulses to the SA node are transmitted on this cranial nerve.

A) Glossopharyngeal nerve
B) Accessory nerve-spinal part
C) Vagus nerve
D) Trigeminal nerve
E) Hypoglossal nerve

Question 36

The inner endothelial layer that lines the heart is the

A) epicardium.
B) pericardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

Question 37

Death of heart musculature due to lack of oxygen.

A) cardiac tamponade
B) valve insufficiency
C) heart block
D) myocardial infarction
E) ventricular fibrillation

Question 38

A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through which vessel?

A) a pulmonary vein
B) the inferior vena cava
C) the superior vena cava
D) the coronary sinus

Question 39

The right ventricle pumps blood into which vessel?

A) the aorta
B) the pulmonary vein
C) the pulmonary trunk
D) the superior vena cava

Question 40

Semilunar valves are located

A) between the atria and the ventricles.
B) between the ventricles and the great arteries.
C) between the great veins and the atria.
D) only between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Question 41

The crista terminalis can be used to locate all of the following structures except the

A) opening of the coronary sinus.
B) opening of the inferior vena cava.
C) opening of the pulmonary veins.
D) opening of the superior vena cava.

Question 42

Which of the following veins does not deliver blood directly to the right atrium?

A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) coronary sinus
D) the great cardiac veins

Question 43

Blood is carried to capillaries in the myocardium by way of the

A) coronary sinus.
B) fossa ovalis.
C) coronary arteries.
D) coronary veins.

Question 44

The term for pain caused by deficient blood delivery to the heart wall is

A) ischemia.
B) angina pectoris.
C) myocardial infarct.
D) pericarditis.

Question 45

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus is the

A) anterior interventricular artery/Left anterior descending artery (LAD).
B) middle cardiac vein.
C) coronary sinus.
D) circumflex artery.

Question 46

Stenosis of the mitral valve may cause blood to back up into the

A) venae cavae.
B) pulmonary circulation.
C) right ventricle.
D) coronary circulation.

Question 47

The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

Question 48

The epicardium is the same as the

A) visceral layer of serous pericardium.
B) pericardium.
C) endocardium.
D) fibrous pericardium.

Question 49

The artery that nourishes the walls of the left atrium is the

A) anterior interventricular.
B) circumflex.
C) posterior interventricular.
D) right coronary.

Question 50

The small cardiac vein is present on the

A) right ventricle.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) left atrium.

Question 51

Which vessel returns most of the venous blood from the heart to the right atrium?

A) the great cardiac vein
B) the coronary sinus
C) the anterior cardiac vein
D) the posterior interventricular vein

Question 52

Which structure develops from the embryological chamber called the sinus venosus?

A) sinoatrial (SA) node
B) the right ventricle
C) the left atrium
D) the pulmonary trunk

Question 53

During ventricular systole, blood is

A) flowing from the systemic and pulmonary circuits into both the atria and ventricles.
B) forced from the atria into the ventricles.
C) forced from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
D) not flowing into or out of the heart.

Question 54

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood around the systemic circuit is the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

Question 55

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the coronary sulcus is the

A) posterior interventricular artery.
B) right coronary artery.
C) small cardiac vein.
D) right marginal artery.

Question 56

At which corner point of the heart does one listen for the sound of the closing aortic semilunar valve?

A) superior right
B) inferior right
C) superior left
D) inferior left

Question 57

The desmosome-like structures that attach adjacent cardiac muscle cells are called

A) fasciae adherens.
B) gap junctions.
C) intercalated disks.
D) T tubules.

Question 58

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

Question 59

Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart and enters the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) left ventricle.
D) right ventricle.

Question 60

What is the effect of the parasympathetic fibers carried by the vagus nerve?

A) They speed up the heartbeat.
B) They increase the force of cardiac contractions.
C) They slow the heartbeat.
D) The heartbeat is not influenced by the vagus nerve.

Question 61

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right ventricular wall so that it can

A) accommodate a greater volume of blood.
B) expand the thoracic cage during diastole.
C) pump blood with greater pressure.
D) pump blood through a smaller valve.

Question 62

The semilunar valves are closed when

A) the ventricles are contracting.
B) the ventricles are relaxing.
C) the atrioventricular valves are closed.
D) atria are contracting.

Question 63

Cells of the subendocardial conducting network

A) are larger and have fewer myofilaments than other cardiac cells.
B) are nonconducting cells that electrically insulate the bundle branches of the interventricular septum.
C) are pacemaker cells located in the SA node that initiate each heartbeat.
D) are sensory cells that monitor the stretch of the myocardium to prevent overexpansion by high blood pressure.

Question 64

Of the three layers of the heart wall, the layer that contains the cardiac muscle is the

A) epicardium.
B) visceral layer of serous pericardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

Question 65

During left ventricular systole, blood exits the heart to enter the

A) aorta.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary vein.
D) venae cavae.

Question 66

Insertion of a stent to treat coronary artery disease (CAD)

A) involves grafting a portion of the saphenous vein that contains the stent into the occluded artery.
B) is accomplished by laparoscopic incision at the jugular notch.
C) occurs through a catheter inserted in the femoral artery.
D) requires open heart surgery.

Question 67

If the beating heart makes a "lub-dup" sound, the "dup" sound is caused by

A) the apex of the heart hitting the anterior chest wall.
B) a stenotic atrioventricular valve.
C) the large force of the contracting ventricles.
D) vibrations that result from the semilunar valves slamming shut.

Question 68

Pericarditis can lead to all of the following except

A) excess fluid in the pericardial cavity.
B) pericardial friction rub.
C) adhesions.
D) a myocardial infarction.

Question 69

Which of the following is not an age-related change in the heart?

A) thinning of the valve cusps
B) decline in cardiac reserve
C) fibrosis of cardiac muscle
D) atherosclerosis

Question 70

The atrioventricular node is located in the

A) right atrium, just inferior to the opening of the superior vena cava.
B) inferior part of the interatrial septum.
C) interventricular septum, near the heart base.
D) walls of the ventricles, with the other Purkinje fibers.

Question 71

There is a foramen ovale in the skull and another one in the heart. The foramen ovale in the heart gives rise to the

A) openings between the atria and ventricles.
B) openings between the ventricles.
C) fossa ovalis.
D) aortic semilunar valve.

Question 72

The base of the aorta derives from which of these "original" heart chambers in the embryo?

A) sinus venosus
B) atrium
C) ventricle
D) bulbus cordis

Question 73

Which of the following statements about fetal heart development is False?

A) The four heart chambers first develop during the third trimester.
B) The heart begins as a pair of tubes in the midline of the thorax.
C) The heart develops from mesodermal mesenchyme.
D) The two atria are connected by a foramen ovale until birth.

Question 74

The tricuspid valve is closed

A) while the ventricle is in diastole.
B) by movement of blood from atrium to ventricle.
C) while the atrium is contracting.
D) when the ventricle is in systole.

Question 75

Of the following heart chambers, which is most affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left ventricle
D) left atrium

Question 76

In the pericardial sac, the ________ lies directly deep to the fibrous pericardium.

A) pericardial cavity
B) visceral layer of serous pericardium
C) parietal layer of the serous pericardium
D) epicardium

Question 77

To listen for the aortic semilunar valve on the chest wall, one would place the stethoscope in the

A) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum.
B) second intercostal space to the left of the sternum.
C) fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple.
D) fifth right intercostal space.

Question 78

The "heartstrings" are

A) cusps of the atrioventricular valves.
B) chordae tendineae.
C) trabeculae carneae.
D) papillary muscles.

Question 79

Destruction of which structure will result in electrical signals traveling to only one ventricle?

A) atrioventricular bundle
B) bundle branch
C) internodal pathway
D) sinoatrial node

Question 80

Clinically, the posterior interventricular artery is referred to as the

A) left artery ascending.
B) left artery descending.
C) posterior descending artery.
D) posterior ascending artery.