Deck 5: The Skeletal System

Question 1

The head of the humerus fits into the ________ of the scapula.

A) acromion process
B) glenoid cavity
C) suprascapula notch
D) coracoid process

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:
The periosteum, a connective tissue covering on the diaphysis, is represented by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label A
C) Label G
D) Label B
E) Label F

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________.

A) canaliculi
B) perforating (Volkmann's) canals
C) central (Haversian) canals
D) perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What bones protect the spinal cord?

A) ribs
B) sternum
C) vertebrae
D) coxal bones

Question 5

Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________.

A) fracture
B) hematoma
C) articulation (joint)
D) marrow cavity

Question 6

Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.

A) flat
B) long
C) short
D) irregular

Question 7

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:
The area that causes the lengthwise growth of a long bone is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label D
C) Label A
D) Label E
E) Label C

Question 8

An incomplete bone break, known as a(n) ________ fracture, is commonly seen in children.

A) spiral
B) greenstick
C) impacted
D) comminuted

Question 9

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:
The proximal epiphysis is represented by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label C
C) Label A
D) Label B
E) Label F

Question 10

The temporal bones are joined with the parietal bones at the ________ sutures.

A) coronal
B) sagittal
C) squamous
D) lambdoid

Question 11

The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the ________.

A) occipital condyle
B) vertebral foramen
C) intervertebral foramen
D) foramen magnum

Question 12

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:
The diaphysis is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label C
C) Label G
D) Label A
E) Label H

Question 13

The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ________ skeleton.

A) appendicular
B) central
C) axial
D) main

Question 14

Blood cell formation is called ________.

A) ossification
B) hematopoiesis
C) homeostasis
D) metabolism

Question 15

The shin bone is called the ________.

A) tibia
B) fibula
C) femur
D) radius

Question 16

Bone-destroying cells known as osteoclasts are activated by the hormone ________.

A) calcitonin
B) parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) insulin
D) growth hormone

Question 17

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:
The area that serves as a storage area for fat in adults is indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label F
C) Label A
D) Label G
E) Label B

Question 18

The process of bone formation is known as ________.

A) hematopoiesis
B) hemostasis
C) metabolism
D) ossification

Question 19

The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________.

A) epiphyseal line
B) bony callus
C) hematoma
D) fibrocartilage callus

Question 20

Using Figure 5.1, identify the following:
The area that contains glassy hyaline cartilage that provides a smooth slippery surface which decreases friction is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label H
C) Label E
D) Label B
E) Label A

Question 21

What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?

A) yellow marrow
B) endosteum
C) spongy bone
D) periosteum
E) articular cartilage

Question 22

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A) marrow cavity
B) epiphyseal plate
C) articular cartilage
D) periosteum
E) endosteum

Question 23

The most important minerals stored in bones are ________.

A) calcium and iron
B) sodium and phosphorus
C) sodium and potassium
D) calcium and phosphorus
E) calcium and potassium

Question 24

The arrangement of bone tissue shown in Figure 5.3 consists of ________.

A) osteons (Haversian systems)
B) yellow marrow
C) trabeculae
D) neurons
E) red marrow

Question 25

Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The fibula is indicated by ________.

A) Label Q
B) Label X
C) Label R
D) Label T
E) Label W

Question 26

The bone cells that respond to parathyroid hormone (PTH) to destroy bone matrix and release calcium into the blood are called ________.

A) osteocytes
B) chondrocytes
C) erythrocytes
D) osteoclasts
E) osteoblasts

Question 27

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ________.

A) bone is dead
B) bone length is no longer increasing
C) bone diameter is increasing
D) bone diameter is decreasing
E) bone length is increasing

Question 28

Which of the following is only found associated with a child's bone?

A) diaphysis
B) marrow cavity
C) epiphyseal plate
D) periosteum
E) articular cartilage

Question 29

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________.

A) store adipose tissue
B) form blood cells
C) store calcium and phosphorus
D) promote lengthwise growth in long bones
E) decrease friction at joint surfaces

Question 30

Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The manubrium and xiphoid process are markings on the bone indicated by ________.

A) Label O
B) Label N
C) Label A
D) Label K
E) Label B

Question 31

Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The patella is indicated by ________.

A) Label E
B) Label G
C) Label I
D) Label U
E) Label A

Question 32

Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The radius bone is indicated by ________.

A) Label T
B) Label R
C) Label F
D) Label S
E) Label Q

Question 33

Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The mandible is indicated by ________.

A) Label N
B) Label W
C) Label M
D) Label C
E) Label B

Question 34

The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________.

A) compact bones
B) irregular bones
C) flat bones
D) long bones
E) sesamoid bones

Question 35

Each complex of central canal and matrix rings in compact bone is known as ________.

A) a perforating (Volkmann's) canal
B) the epiphysis
C) a canaliculus
D) a central (Haversian) canal
E) an osteon (Haversian system)

Question 36

Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The parietal bone is indicated by ________.

A) Label M
B) Label O
C) Label A
D) Label H
E) Label P

Question 37

Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________.

A) diarthroses
B) synarthroses
C) amphiarthroses
D) symphyses

Question 38

Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The greater tubercle and trochlea are bone markings situated on the bone marked by ________.

A) Label O
B) Label I
C) Label E
D) Label Y
E) Label A

Question 39

Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The carpals are indicated by ________.

A) Label N
B) Label X
C) Label J
D) Label I
E) Label T

Question 40

Using Figure 5.2, identify the following:
The ilium, pubis, and ischium fuse to form the bone marked by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label G
C) Label T
D) Label H
E) Label I

Question 41

Bone growth that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely ________.

A) endochondrial growth
B) none since bones do not grow after adolescence
C) appositional growth
D) occurring at the epiphyseal lines
E) occurring at the epiphyseal plates

Question 42

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains ________.

A) cartilage and lamellae
B) osteoclasts and osteoblasts
C) yellow marrow and perforating, or Sharpey's, fibers
D) blood vessels and nerve fibers
E) red marrow

Question 43

A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a(n) ________.

A) impacted fracture
B) compression fracture
C) spiral fracture
D) depressed fracture
E) simple fracture

Question 44

What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?

A) osteocyte
B) erythrocyte
C) chondrocyte
D) osteoblast
E) osteoclast

Question 45

The factor(s) that determine where bone matrix is to be remodeled is (are) ________.

A) sex hormones
B) growth hormone
C) stress of gravity and pull of muscles on the skeleton
D) parathyroid hormone (PTH)
E) calcium level of the blood

Question 46

Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton?

A) femur
B) sternum
C) radius
D) metatarsals
E) scapula

Question 47

There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages?
1) bony callus formation
2) bone remodeling
3) fibrocartilage callus formation
4) hematoma formation

A) 4, 3, 2, 1
B) 4, 3, 1, 2
C) 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 3, 4, 2
E) 1, 3, 2, 4

Question 48

The small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes are found are called ________.

A) lacunae
B) perforating (Volkmann's) canals
C) central (Haversian) canals
D) trabeculae
E) lamellae

Question 49

The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are ________.

A) alveolar margins
B) sinuses
C) palates
D) crista galli
E) fontanels

Question 50

What feature is uniquely associated with cervical vertebrae?

A) spinous processes
B) transverse processes
C) vertebral foramina
D) transverse foramina
E) pedicles

Question 51

A bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is a ________.

A) compound fracture
B) simple fracture
C) comminuted fracture
D) compression fracture
E) greenstick fracture

Question 52

The axial skeleton contains ________.
1) skull
2) scapula
3) True and false ribs
4) vertebrae
5) phalanges

A) 1, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 2, 5
D) 2, 3, 4, 5
E) 1, 2, 3, 5

Question 53

Which of these bones is associated with the hand?

A) talus
B) calcaneus
C) metatarsals
D) tarsals
E) metacarpals

Question 54

Which of these bone markings is a projection that serves as a site for muscle or ligament attachment?

A) meatus
B) fossa
C) foramen
D) fissure
E) tubercle

Question 55

The physician knew her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the X-ray revealed a(n) ________.

A) impacted fracture
B) compression fracture
C) comminuted fracture
D) greenstick fracture
E) open fracture

Question 56

An open, or compound, fracture can be described as when ________.

A) the bone is crushed
B) the broken bone ends are forced into each other
C) the broken bone is exposed to the outside
D) the bone is broken into many fragments
E) adjacent bones fracture simultaneously

Question 57

The hyoid bone is unique because it ________.

A) is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone
B) is an irregular bone
C) belongs to both the axial and appendicular skeletons
D) has no specific function
E) largely consists of cartilage

Question 58

The suture situated anteriorly between the parietal bones and occipital bone is the ________.

A) squamous suture
B) lambdoid suture
C) sagittal suture
D) coronal suture
E) both the squamous suture and the sagittal suture

Question 59

Identify the bones that do NOT house a paranasal sinus ________.

A) frontal bones
B) maxillary bones
C) ethmoid bones
D) sphenoid bones
E) zygomatic bones

Question 60

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

A) elastic connective tissue
B) dense fibrous connective tissue
C) fibrocartilage
D) hyaline cartilage
E) loose fibrous connective tissue

Question 61

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called ________.

A) amphiarthroses; synarthroses
B) synarthroses; amphiarthroses
C) diarthroses; amphiarthroses
D) amphiarthroses; diarthroses
E) diarthroses; synarthroses

Question 62

The atlas is the ________.

A) last lumbar vertebra
B) first thoracic vertebra
C) part of the sacrum
D) second cervical vertebra
E) first cervical vertebra

Question 63

The type of joint shown in Figure 5.4 is ________.

A) a suture
B) a fibrous joint
C) an amphiarthrotic joint
D) a cartilaginous joint
E) a synovial joint

Question 64

A closed, or simple, fracture is one that penetrates through the skin's surface.

Question 65

Four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same anatomical area. Select the exception.

A) humerus
B) radius
C) scapula
D) fibula
E) clavicle

Question 66

You examine an articulated skeleton in the laboratory and determine the skeleton to be a female since ________.

A) the angle of the female pubic arch is smaller than in a male
B) the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than in a male
C) the distance between the female ischial tuberosities is less than in a male
D) the female iliac bones are less flared than in a male
E) the female pelvis as a whole is deeper, and the bones are heavier and thicker than in a male

Question 67

The arrangement of lamellae around central (Haversian) canals forms osteons (Haversian systems).

Question 68

Which two bones constitute the forearm?

A) radius and humerus
B) humerus and scapula
C) fibula and tibia
D) ulna and radius
E) femur and fibula

Question 69

Articular cartilage covers the diaphysis of long bones.

Question 70

How many True ribs do humans have?

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) twelve
E) fifteen

Question 71

The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the ________.

A) ischium, ilium, coccyx
B) pubis, ischium, ilium
C) manubrium, body, xiphoid process
D) jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphisternal joint
E) True ribs, manubrium, xiphoid process

Question 72

The wrist bones are actually ________.

A) tarsals
B) metacarpals
C) phalanges
D) metatarsals
E) carpals

Question 73

Which of these bones articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone?

A) femur
B) patella
C) fibula
D) sacrum
E) tibia

Question 74

The elbow is classified as a(n) ________.

A) plane joint
B) hinge joint
C) pivot joint
D) saddle joint
E) condylar joint

Question 75

A structure found on the femur is the ________.

A) anterior crest
B) trochlea
C) lateral malleolus
D) intercondylar fossa
E) medial malleolus

Question 76

Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.

Question 77

The dens is a process projecting from the ________.

A) sacrum
B) coccyx
C) intervertebral discs
D) atlas
E) axis

Question 78

The tailbone is the ________.

A) ischium
B) sacrum
C) pubis
D) coccyx
E) patella

Question 79

Which is the correct order of ribs, from superior to inferior?

A) floating ribs, True ribs, false ribs
B) floating ribs, false ribs, True ribs
C) True ribs, false ribs, floating ribs
D) True ribs, floating ribs, false ribs
E) false ribs, floating ribs, True ribs

Question 80

Hypercalcemia promotes the deposition of calcium to bones.