Deck 7: The Nervous System

Question 1

The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called ________.

A) synaptic clefts
B) axon terminals
C) nodes of Ranvier
D) myelin sheaths

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ________.

A) dendrite
B) cell body
C) synaptic cleft
D) axon

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Bundles of nerve fibers (neuron processes) running through the CNS are called ________, whereas in the PNS they are called ________.

A) tracts; nerves
B) gray matter; white matter
C) axons; dendrites
D) afferent neurons; efferent neurons

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________.

A) myelin sheaths
B) neuroglia
C) oligodendrocytes
D) microglia

Question 5

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The axon is indicated by ________.

A) Label B
B) Label F
C) Label H
D) Label I
E) Label A

Question 6

Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed ________.

A) Meissner's corpuscles
B) proprioceptors
C) lamellar corpuscles
D) association neurons

Question 7

________ cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS.

A) Satellite
B) Ependymal
C) Schwann
D) Nerve

Question 8

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The gaps between Schwann cells are indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label H
C) Label B
D) Label F
E) Label A

Question 9

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The axon terminals are indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label G
C) Label B
D) Label A
E) Label C

Question 10

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The metabolic center of the neuron is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label F
C) Label A
D) Label H
E) Label I

Question 11

The brain dysfunction where blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel, is called ________.

A) cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Huntington's disease
D) multiple sclerosis

Question 12

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the ________.

A) cerebellum
B) dicephalon (interbrain)
C) brain stem
D) cerebrum

Question 13

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The neural processes that convey incoming messages toward the cell body are indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label G
C) Label A
D) Label F
E) Label B

Question 14

The nervous system is structurally subdivided into two systems: ________ nervous system and ________ nervous system.

A) central; peripheral
B) somatic; autonomic
C) parasympathetic; sympathetic
D) autonomic; sympathetic

Question 15

The cell bodies of the ________ neurons are always located within the CNS.

A) proprioceptor
B) afferent
C) motor
D) sensory

Question 16

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.

A) sensory; motor
B) gray; white
C) motor; sensory
D) white; gray

Question 17

________ reflexes include the secretion of saliva, changes in the size of our pupils, and digestion involve the activities of smooth muscles.

A) Somatic
B) Voluntary
C) Autonomic
D) Sympathetic

Question 18

During repolarization, ________ ions are pumped out of the cell.

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) both sodium and potassium
D) calcium

Question 19

________ connect sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways and their cell bodies are typically located in the central nervous system.

A) Interneurons (association neurons)
B) Afferent
C) Efferent
D) Proprioceptors

Question 20

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The nucleus of the neuron is indicated by ________.

A) Label E
B) Label I
C) Label A
D) Label B
E) Label F

Question 21

Cranial nerve III is known as the ________ nerve.

A) optic
B) olfactory
C) oculomotor
D) trochlear

Question 22

The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.

A) corpus callosum
B) fornix
C) pons
D) thalamus

Question 23

Sweat glands that produce perspiration when stimulated are innervated only by the ________ fibers.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) afferent

Question 24

One of the major functions of the pons is to control ________.

A) breathing
B) hunger
C) thirst
D) consciousness

Question 25

The hypothalamus regulates the ________.

A) pineal gland
B) pituitary gland
C) pons
D) thalamus

Question 26

The ________ is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers.

A) epineurium
B) endoneurium
C) perineurium
D) perimysium

Question 27

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as ________.

A) choroid plexuses
B) arachnoid villi
C) ventricles
D) sinuses

Question 28

The largest nerve in the body, the sciatic nerve, belongs to the ________ nerve plexus.

A) lumbar
B) sacral
C) brachial
D) cervical

Question 29

The blood-brain barrier is formed by ________ junctions that nearly seamlessly bind capillaries in the brain.

A) gap
B) intercalated
C) desmosome
D) tight

Question 30

One of the last areas of the CNS to mature is the ________, which regulates body temperature.

A) hypothalamus
B) thalamus
C) cerebellum
D) cerebrum

Question 31

________ disease results from a degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the substantia nigra.

A) Parkinson's
B) Alzheimer's
C) Huntington's
D) Autoimmune

Question 32

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves and ________ pairs of spinal nerves in the peripheral nervous system.

A) 5; 7
B) 18; 34
C) 12; 31
D) 15; 25

Question 33

The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called ________.

A) ventricles
B) arachnoid villi
C) meninges
D) sinuses

Question 34

The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.

A) dura
B) arachnoid
C) periosteal
D) pia

Question 35

The fissure in the brain that separates the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.

A) transverse fissure
B) longitudinal fissure
C) sagittal fissure
D) tentorium cerebelli

Question 36

The portion of the diencephalon that acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling to the sensory cortex is the ________.

A) pons
B) pituitary gland
C) thalamus
D) hypothalamus

Question 37

The primary somatic sensory cortex is located in the ________ lobe of the cerebrum.

A) parietal
B) frontal
C) temporal
D) occipital

Question 38

The number of neurons involved in transmission of impulses in the autonomic nervous system is ________.

A) one
B) two
C) four
D) eight

Question 39

Hemiplegia and aphasia characterize those patients who have experienced a ________.

A) concussion
B) cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke
C) contusion
D) cerebral edema

Question 40

The only pair of cranial nerves to extend to the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the ________ nerves.

A) glossopharyngeal
B) oculomotor
C) vestibulocochlear
D) vagus

Question 41

Neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons (association neurons), are structurally classified as ________.

A) efferent
B) multipolar
C) afferent
D) bipolar
E) unipolar

Question 42

During the resting state, a neuron is ________.

A) polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell
B) propagating the action potential
C) depolarizing and generating an action potential
D) restoring the ionic conditions utilizing the sodium-potassium pump
E) repolarizing as potassium ions diffuse out of the cell

Question 43

The term central nervous system refers to the ________.

A) autonomic and peripheral nervous systems
B) brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
C) brain and cranial nerves
D) spinal cord and spinal nerves
E) brain and spinal cord

Question 44

Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid ________.

A) sodium
B) chloride
C) calcium
D) potassium
E) magnesium

Question 45

An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell ________.

A) potassium
B) sodium
C) calcium
D) magnesium
E) both potassium and sodium

Question 46

The two major functional properties of neurons are ________.

A) cover and line body surfaces
B) contraction and movements
C) irritability and conductivity
D) connect and protect
E) lubricate and secrete

Question 47

Unmyelinated nerve fibers are known as ________.

A) white matter
B) sensors
C) myelin sheaths
D) receptors
E) gray matter

Question 48

Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called ________.

A) saltatory conduction
B) threshold
C) graded potential
D) sodium-potassium pump
E) all-or-none response

Question 49

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse?
1) the membrane becomes depolarized
2) sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward
3) the membrane becomes repolarized
4) potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell

A) 3, 2, 4, 1
B) 2, 1, 4, 3
C) 2, 1, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 4, 3
E) 4, 1, 3, 2

Question 50

Bipolar neurons are commonly ________.

A) motor neurons
B) called neuroglia
C) found in ganglia
D) found in the eye and nose
E) more abundant in adults than in children

Question 51

Which of these neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

A) astrocytes
B) oligodendrocytes
C) Schwann cells
D) ependymal cells
E) satellite cells

Question 52

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are ________.

A) motor
B) visceral sensory
C) somatic sensory
D) interneurons (association neurons)
E) parasympathetic

Question 53

The major role of the interneuron (association neuron) is to ________.

A) carry information from the central nervous system to muscles and/or the viscera
B) form a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons
C) transmit nerve impulses from the skin and organs to the central nervous system
D) connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways
E) detect the amount of stretch in skeletal muscles or tendons and their joints

Question 54

The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the ________.

A) dendrites
B) cell body
C) nucleus
D) axon
E) nodes of Ranvier

Question 55

The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called ________.

A) axons
B) dendrites
C) neurolemmas
D) Schwann cells
E) satellite cells

Question 56

Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes ________.

A) a reflex arc
B) the all-or-none response
C) repolarization
D) saltatory conduction
E) graded potential

Question 57

Each spinal nerve divides into a dorsal and a ventral ________.

A) ramus
B) tract
C) ganglion
D) plexus

Question 58

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division.

A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) afferent

Question 59

Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are ________.

A) myelinated
B) unmyelinated
C) sensory
D) motor
E) cerebral

Question 60

Ganglia are collections of ________.

A) nuclei
B) dendrites
C) cell bodies
D) axons
E) axon terminals

Question 61

The hypothalamus is the "emotional-visceral" center of the brain and, thus, is an important part of the ________.

A) posterior association area
B) reticular activating system
C) limbic system
D) Broca's area
E) anterior association area

Question 62

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

A) medulla oblongata
B) cerebellum
C) hypothalamus
D) thalamus
E) cerebrum

Question 63

Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges?

A) pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater
B) pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
C) arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
D) dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
E) dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 64

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________.

A) pons
B) medulla oblongata
C) midbrain
D) cerebrum
E) hypothalamus

Question 65

A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?

A) occipital lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) frontal lobe
D) parietal lobe
E) pyramidal tract

Question 66

The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called ________.

A) an ion
B) nerve glue
C) a neurotransmitter
D) the sodium-potassium pump
E) an action potential

Question 67

A special group of neurons in the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the ________.

A) thalamus
B) reticular activating system (RAS)
C) pineal gland
D) limbic system
E) cerebellum

Question 68

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________.

A) diencephalon
B) hypothalamus
C) brain stem
D) pineal gland
E) cerebellum

Question 69

Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the ________.

A) longitudinal fissure
B) gyrus
C) central sulcus
D) Broca's area
E) primary motor area

Question 70

Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed into venous blood in the dural sinuses via the ________.

A) cerebral aqueduct
B) hypothalamus
C) arachnoid villus
D) choroid plexus
E) pons

Question 71

Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon's membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next?

A) chlorine
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) calcium
E) magnesium

Question 72

Which type of reflex involves skeletal muscles?

A) parasympathetic
B) sympathetic
C) autonomic
D) somatic
E) visceral

Question 73

The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ________.

A) synaptic cleft
B) cell body
C) effector
D) Schwann cell
E) node of Ranvier

Question 74

Rick quickly pulled his hand away from the hot stove. This reflex is best known as a(n) ________.

A) two-neuron reflex
B) patellar reflex
C) knee-jerk reflex
D) withdrawal reflex
E) autonomic reflex

Question 75

The sensory homunculus is located in the primary somatic sensory area in the ________.

A) parietal lobe
B) occipital lobe
C) frontal lobe
D) temporal lobe
E) cerebellum

Question 76

Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the ________.

A) cerebrum
B) hypothalamus
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
E) midbrain

Question 77

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) subarachnoid space
B) corpus callosum
C) cerebral aqueduct
D) fourth ventricle
E) lateral ventricles

Question 78

What part of the brain stem houses reflex centers for vision and hearing?

A) pons
B) corpora quadrigemina
C) fourth ventricle
D) medulla oblongata
E) reticular formation

Question 79

Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?

A) effector, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, receptor
B) receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
C) effector, motor neuron, integration center, sensory neuron, receptor
D) receptor, motor neuron, integration center, sensory neuron, effector
E) receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, integration center, effector

Question 80

The cerebrospinal fluid ________.

A) is secreted by the arachnoid villi
B) enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space
C) is secreted mostly by the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles
D) is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
E) is identical in composition to whole blood