Deck 3: Cells and Tissues

Question 1

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ________.

A) organelles
B) cilia
C) flagella
D) microvilli

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ________ while cytosine pairs with ________.

A) adenine; cytosine
B) uracil; guanine
C) thymine; guanine
D) guanine; thymine

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ________.

A) mitosis
B) interphase
C) cytokinesis
D) meiosis

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
The illustration of skeletal muscle tissue is ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 5

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________.

A) facilitated diffusion
B) endocytosis
C) solute pumping
D) osmosis

Question 6

The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ________.

A) anaphase
B) interphase
C) metaphase
D) telophase

Question 7

What process results in the exact duplication of DNA?

A) metaphase
B) prophase
C) DNA replication
D) protein synthesis

Question 8

Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order.
1) The protein folds into its functional shape.
2) The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing.
3) The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle.
4) The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER.

A) 1, 3, 2, 4
B) 4, 1, 2, 3
C) 1, 3, 4, 2
D) 4, 1, 3, 2

Question 9

Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 10

The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ________.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) mitochondrion
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) lysosome

Question 11

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________.

A) gap junctions
B) tight junctions
C) desmosomes
D) microvilli

Question 12

Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
The illustration of cardiac muscle tissue is ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 13

What is required for filtration to occur?

A) ATP
B) solute pumps
C) pressure gradient
D) protein carriers

Question 14

The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

A) water-loving
B) hydrophilic
C) polar
D) hydrophobic

Question 15

________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
D) Cytoplasm

Question 16

Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
The illustration of simple squamous epithelium is ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 17

What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid?

A) nucleus
B) cytoskeleton
C) plasma membrane
D) mitochondrion

Question 18

The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________.

A) codon
B) gene
C) anticodon
D) amino acid

Question 19

Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
The illustration of stratified squamous epithelium is ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 20

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________.

A) nucleolus
B) cytoplasm
C) interstitial fluid
D) extracellular fluid

Question 21

Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ________.

A) desmosomes
B) gap (communicating) junctions
C) inclusions
D) microvilli
E) tight junctions

Question 22

The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, and bind together body tissues are classified as ________.

A) epithelial tissues
B) connective tissues
C) muscle tissues
D) nervous tissues

Question 23

The cell shown in Figure 3.2 has been placed into a(n) ________ solution.

A) hypertonic
B) hypotonic
C) isotonic
D) equilibrium

Question 24

Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of ________.

A) epithelial tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) loose connective tissue
D) dense connective tissue

Question 25

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

A) The activities of cells are determined by their structure, which determines function.
B) The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.
C) Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
D) The activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activities.
E) The continuity of life has a cellular basis.

Question 26

What are the three basic parts or regions of a cell?

A) cytosol, cytoplasm, and intracellular fluid
B) nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
C) nuclear envelope, DNA, and nuclear pores
D) nucleus, intracellular fluid, organelles
E) cytoplasm, plasma membrane, extracellular fluid

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?

A) mitochondrion
B) Golgi apparatus
C) flagellum
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) peroxisome

Question 28

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ________.

A) organs
B) organ systems
C) tissues
D) atoms

Question 29

Tendons and ligaments are classified as ________.

A) skeletal muscle tissue
B) loose connective tissue
C) areolar connective tissue
D) dense connective (fibrous) tissue

Question 30

________ tissue is commonly called fat.

A) Adipose
B) Bone
C) Reticular
D) Dense fibrous

Question 31

The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ________ and ________.

A) transcription; translation
B) replication; mitosis
C) mitosis; cytokinesis
D) transcription; replication

Question 32

The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ________.

A) mitochondrion
B) Golgi apparatus
C) cytoskeleton
D) peroxisome
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 33

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ________.

A) cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
B) cytosol, inclusions, and nucleoli
C) cytosol, organelles, and nucleoli
D) organelles, inclusions, and nucleoli
E) organelles, inclusions, and ribosomes

Question 34

The specific type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestine is ________.

A) simple columnar
B) simple cuboidal
C) pseudostratified columnar
D) simple squamous

Question 35

________ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces.

A) Endocrine
B) Adrenal
C) Thyroid
D) Exocrine

Question 36

The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ________.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) peroxisome
D) ribosome
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus?

A) nuclear envelope
B) nucleolus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) chromatin
E) nuclear pores

Question 38

________ muscle tissue has no visible striations and is found in the walls of hollow organs.

A) Smooth
B) Cardiac
C) Skeletal
D) Dense regular

Question 39

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ________.

A) nucleus
B) element
C) cytoplasm
D) cell
E) organelle

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark feature of epithelial tissues?

A) Epithelial tissues have a basement membrane.
B) Epithelial tissues have an apical surface.
C) Epithelial tissues fit closely to form continuous sheets.
D) Epithelial tissues are well vascularized.

Question 41

Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?

A) carbon dioxide
B) water
C) oxygen
D) fat-soluble vitamins
E) glucose

Question 42

DNA replication takes place during ________.

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 43

Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules?

A) facilitated diffusion and solute pumping
B) facilitated diffusion and vesicular transport
C) vesicular transport and osmosis
D) osmosis and filtration
E) filtration and exocytosis

Question 44

Some antibiotics inhibit tRNA from delivering amino acids to the ribosome. What process cannot be completed?

A) transcription
B) mitosis
C) replication
D) translation
E) cytokinesis

Question 45

What are two types of endocytosis?

A) cellular secretion and solute pumping
B) solute pumping and active transport
C) active transport and phagocytosis
D) phagocytosis and pinocytosis
E) pinocytosis and passive transport

Question 46

What is required for diffusion to occur?

A) protein carrier or channel
B) concentration gradient
C) ATP
D) solute pump
E) ribosomes

Question 47

Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called ________.

A) anticodons
B) deoxyribose sugars
C) codons
D) ribosomes
E) amino acids

Question 48

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell.

A) hypotonic
B) hypertonic
C) intravenous
D) isotonic
E) Ringer's lactate

Question 49

What is required for osmosis to occur?

A) pressure gradient
B) solute pump
C) aquaporins
D) sodium-potassium pump
E) vesicles

Question 50

If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________.

A) CAU-CGU
B) CAT-CGT
C) GAU-GCU
D) GAT-GCT
E) ACG-ATT

Question 51

The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________.

A) prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
B) prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphase
C) metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase
D) telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase
E) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 52

Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________.

A) utilize ATP
B) employ protein pumps
C) transport substances against their concentration gradients
D) do not require ATP
E) include exocytosis and endocytosis

Question 53

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell.

A) The cell will shrink.
B) The cell will not change in size or shape.
C) The cell will bloat.
D) The cell will rupture.
E) The cell will lyse.

Question 54

By what endocytosis process do some white blood cells engulf bacteria?

A) facilitated diffusion
B) phagocytosis
C) exocytosis
D) pinocytosis
E) filtration

Question 55

The process of transcription ________.

A) produces ATP from glucose and oxygen
B) transfers information from DNA into mRNA
C) occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
D) creates proteins from mRNA
E) translates nucleic acids into amino acids

Question 56

The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as ________.

A) interphase
B) mitosis
C) metaphase
D) prophase
E) cytokinesis

Question 57

What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?

A) ATP
B) protein carrier or channel
C) lysosomes
D) aquaporins
E) solute pumps

Question 58

Which of the following represents a segment of RNA?

A) AUGUCA
B) ATGCTA
C) TGCGTT
D) CTGTGG
E) GTCATA

Question 59

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ________.

A) ATP
B) messenger RNA (mRNA)
C) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
D) DNA
E) transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 60

During transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed molecule of RNA?

A) thymine
B) adenine
C) uracil
D) cytosine
E) guanine

Question 61

A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. Which phase is directly affected?

A) prophase
B) telophase
C) anaphase
D) metaphase
E) interphase

Question 62

Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ________.

A) muscle tissue
B) loose connective tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) dense connective tissue
E) nervous tissue

Question 63

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________.

A) cardiac muscle
B) skeletal muscle
C) smooth muscle
D) both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle
E) both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle

Question 64

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) sebaceous
D) ceruminous
E) sudoriferous

Question 65

Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses via cells called neurons?

A) epithelial tissue
B) muscle tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) connective tissue
E) dense tissue

Question 66

Which type of connective tissue is avascular?

A) adipose
B) bone
C) cartilages
D) areolar
E) reticular

Question 67

Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?

A) ribosomes
B) smooth ER
C) flagella
D) peroxisomes
E) cytoplasm

Question 68

What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?

A) presence of striations
B) long, slow contractions
C) presence of intercalated discs
D) involuntary contractions
E) presence of short, branching cells

Question 69

Which type of tissue is most likely to repair itself if injured?

A) cardiac muscle tissue
B) dense connective tissue
C) skeletal muscle tissue
D) nervous tissue
E) epithelial tissue

Question 70

The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ________.

A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) muscle tissue
E) brain tissue

Question 71

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

A) simple cuboidal epithelium
B) stratified squamous epithelium
C) simple squamous epithelium
D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
E) transitional epithelium

Question 72

Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow.

A) adipose tissue
B) dense connective tissue
C) areolar tissue
D) reticular connective tissue
E) osseous tissue

Question 73

Bone is best described as ________.

A) dense connective tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) adipose tissue
D) areolar tissue
E) osseous tissue

Question 74

Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected?

A) hyperplasia
B) neoplasm
C) atrophy
D) benign
E) malignant

Question 75

The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ________.

A) adipose
B) cartilage
C) bone
D) blood
E) areolar

Question 76

Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as ________.

A) inflammation
B) regeneration
C) fibrosis
D) scarring
E) clotting

Question 77

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ________.

A) simple squamous epithelium
B) simple columnar epithelium
C) simple cuboidal epithelium
D) stratified squamous epithelium
E) transitional epithelium

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue?

A) bone
B) hyaline cartilage
C) blood
D) skeletal muscle
E) loose adipose

Question 79

Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?

A) blood
B) scar tissue
C) transitional epithelium
D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
E) simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 80

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?

A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) simple squamous epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
D) simple cuboidal epithelium
E) stratified squamous epithelium