Deck 14: The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

Question 1

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The salivary glands are indicated by ________.

A) Label J
B) Label L
C) Label M
D) Label N
E) Label O

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The liver is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label D
C) Label E
D) Label G
E) Label L

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The spleen is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label E
C) Label K
D) Label G
E) Label F

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The appendix is indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label F
C) Label D
D) Label G
E) Label H

Question 5

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The pharynx is indicated by ________.

A) Label N
B) Label F
C) Label K
D) Label M
E) Label L

Question 6

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The rectum is indicated by ________.

A) Label O
B) Label N
C) Label K
D) Label I
E) Label J

Question 7

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The esophagus is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label D
C) Label E
D) Label A
E) Label G

Question 8

Which sphincter, or valve, controls food movement from the stomach into the small intestine?

A) ileocecal
B) cardioesophageal
C) pyloric
D) anal

Question 9

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The anus is indicated by ________.

A) Label K
B) Label L
C) Label M
D) Label O
E) Label G

Question 10

The process of physically and chemically breaking food particles down is referred to as ________.

A) digestion
B) defecation
C) ingestion
D) absorption

Question 11

Which tissue layer contributes to the creation of the mesentery?

A) serosa
B) submucosa
C) mucosa
D) muscularis externa

Question 12

What anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its movements?

A) lingual frenulum
B) hard palate
C) uvula
D) vestibule

Question 13

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The large intestine is indicated by ________.

A) Label J
B) Label L
C) Label K
D) Label M
E) Label N

Question 14

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The pancreas is indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label E
C) Label G
D) Label M
E) Label L

Question 15

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The stomach is indicated by ________.

A) Label K
B) Label M
C) Label L
D) Label O
E) Label N

Question 16

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The tongue is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label D
C) Label B
D) Label A
E) Label C

Question 17

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The small intestine is indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label J
C) Label D
D) Label F
E) Label G

Question 18

The two intrinsic nerve plexuses serving the alimentary canal are the ________.

A) solar; sympathetic
B) submucosa; myenteric
C) autonomic; somatic
D) mucosa; submucosa

Question 19

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The gallbladder is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label E
C) Label D
D) Label F
E) Label I

Question 20

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The mouth (oral cavity) is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label D
C) Label E
D) Label B
E) Label A

Question 21

What is the first digestive process, which involves placing food in the mouth, to occur?

A) segmentation
B) mastication
C) peristalsis
D) ingestion

Question 22

The portion of the tooth embedded in the jawbone is the ________.

A) neck
B) enamel
C) crown
D) root

Question 23

What are the collections of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine?

A) parietal cells
B) Peyer's patches
C) villi
D) enteroendocrine cells

Question 24

How many baby teeth will a child have by 2 years of age?

A) 12
B) 20
C) 28
D) 32

Question 25

The process of eliminating indigestible residues from the GI tract is called ________.

A) deglutition
B) segmentation
C) mastication
D) defecation

Question 26

Bile is formed by the ________ and stored in the ________.

A) spleen; liver
B) liver; gallbladder
C) gallbladder; liver
D) pancreas; gallbladder

Question 27

Which reflex inhibits the stomach's activities and slows the emptying of the stomach?

A) rooting
B) enterogastric
C) sucking
D) defecation

Question 28

When feces are forced into the rectum by mass movements and the wall of the rectum becomes stretched, the ________ reflex is initiated.

A) defecation
B) sucking
C) enterogastric
D) rooting

Question 29

Which sphincter operates under voluntary control?

A) cardioesophageal sphincter
B) internal anal sphincter
C) pyloric sphincter
D) external anal sphincter

Question 30

What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine?

A) cecum, colon, rectum
B) duodenum, jejunum, ileum
C) cardiac, body, pylorus
D) ileum, cecum, rectum

Question 31

Which two hormones promote the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine?

A) secretin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
B) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP); histamine
C) somatostatin; secretin
D) gastrin; histamine

Question 32

Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen into its active protein-digesting form called ________.

A) pepsin
B) rennin
C) amylase
D) peptidase

Question 33

Jaundice indicates that bile has backed up into the ________ rather than entering the small intestine.

A) large intestine
B) liver
C) stomach
D) esophagus

Question 34

Which set of salivary glands are situated anterior to the ear?

A) lacrimal glands
B) submandibular glands
C) sublingual glands
D) parotid glands

Question 35

What are the fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase the absorptive surface area?

A) haustra
B) cilia
C) villi
D) rugae

Question 36

Large wrinkle-like folds in the stomach lining, present when the stomach is empty, that allow for expansion when the stomach is filling are called ________.

A) villi
B) haustra
C) microvilli
D) rugae

Question 37

Intrinsic factor, produced by cells in the stomach, is necessary for the absorption of vitamin ________ in the small intestine.

A) B₉
B) B₃
C) B₆
D) B₁₂

Question 38

What organs are targeted by the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) to release pancreatic juice and bile into the small intestine for digestion?

A) gallbladder, stomach, liver
B) liver, spleen, esophagus
C) stomach, spleen, large intestine
D) pancreas, gallbladder, liver

Question 39

The hormone responsible for promoting the release of pepsinogens, mucus, and hydrochloric acid in the stomach is called ________.

A) insulin
B) cholecystokinin (CCK)
C) gastrin
D) secretin

Question 40

Deep folds of both the mucosa and submucosa in the small intestine that increase surface are known as ________.

A) circular folds (plicae circulares)
B) microvilli
C) haustra
D) villi

Question 41

What do the enteroendocrine cells of the stomach produce?

A) pepsin
B) hydrochloric acid
C) intrinsic factor
D) gastrin
E) gastric juice

Question 42

Which one of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal?

A) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
B) mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
C) pharynx, mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
D) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
E) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, stomach, large intestine

Question 43

What are the three main metabolic pathways involved in cellular respiration?

A) gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, glycogenolysis
B) anaerobic, aerobic, and fermentation
C) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain
D) lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation, glycolysis

Question 44

The total amount of kilocalories the body must consume to fuel all ongoing activities, which increases dramatically during physical exertion, is called the ________.

A) total metabolic rate (TMR)
B) homeostasis
C) basal metabolic rate (BMR)
D) body mass index (BMI)

Question 45

The submucosal and myenteric nerve plexuses that help regulate the mobility and secretory activity of the GI tract organs are both part of the ________.

A) somatic nervous system
B) autonomic nervous system
C) sympathetic nervous system
D) fight-or-flight mechanism
E) central nervous system

Question 46

________ refers to all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life.

A) Digestion
B) Metabolism
C) Homeostasis
D) Nutrition

Question 47

The energy value of foods is measured in units called ________.

A) BMI
B) Hertz
C) kilocalories (kcal) or Calories
D) Joules

Question 48

A stabbing victim sustained a perforation to his large intestine. From the outermost layer to the innermost layer, what is the order in which the knife penetrated his intestine?

A) serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa
B) serosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, mucosa
C) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
D) submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa
E) mucosa, muscularis external, submucosa, serosa

Question 49

What region is the terminal part of the stomach?

A) cardia
B) fundus
C) greater curvature
D) pylorus
E) body

Question 50

The area in the mouth contained by the teeth is known as ________.

A) vestibule
B) uvula
C) labia
D) oral cavity proper
E) lingual frenulum

Question 51

The reflex that helps babies hold onto a breast (or bottle) and swallow is the ________ reflex.

A) flexor
B) rooting
C) enterogastric
D) sucking

Question 52

Which one of the following is continuous with the esophagus?

A) nasopharynx
B) oropharynx
C) linguopharynx
D) laryngopharynx
E) esophagopharynx

Question 53

The process of making glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as fats and proteins, is known as ________.

A) glycogenolysis
B) gluconeogenesis
C) glycolysis
D) glycogenesis

Question 54

How are sugars and starches classified?

A) nucleic acids
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates

Question 55

The major fuel for making ATP in most cells of the body is a type of carbohydrate known as ________.

A) cellulose
B) glucose
C) starch
D) saturated fat

Question 56

Which lipoprotein transports cholesterol and other lipids to body cells?

A) high-density lipoprotein or HDL
B) low-density lipoprotein or LDL
C) vitamin D
D) cortisol

Question 57

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the GI tract that lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) visceral peritoneum
D) muscularis externa
E) parietal peritoneum

Question 58

Fat oxidation products can acidify the blood, a condition known as ________.

A) cirrhosis
B) alkalosis
C) acidosis or ketoacidosis
D) hepatitis

Question 59

What protects the anterior opening of the mouth?

A) uvula
B) nares
C) labia
D) teeth
E) salivary glands

Question 60

Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen to ________.

A) acid
B) rennin
C) pepsin
D) rugae
E) gastrin

Question 61

The majority of which accessory digestive organ is situated retroperitoneal?

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) salivary glands
D) pancreas
E) spleen

Question 62

The process by which food within the small intestine is mixed with digestive juices by backward and forward movement across the internal wall of the organ is called ________.

A) peristalsis
B) segmentation
C) defecation
D) digestion
E) absorption

Question 63

The propulsive process that moves food from one organ to the next is called ________.

A) ingestion
B) peristalsis
C) digestion
D) mastication
E) absorption

Question 64

What ceramic-like substance covers the crown of a tooth?

A) cement
B) root
C) enamel
D) pulp
E) dentin

Question 65

Which one of the following is NOT a modification designed to increase surface area for absorption within the small intestine?

A) microvilli
B) villi
C) Peyer's patches
D) circular folds
E) plicae circulares

Question 66

What is one of the main functions of the small intestine?

A) absorption of nutrients
B) absorption of water
C) waste secretion
D) vitamin conversion
E) mineral secretion

Question 67

What organ stores bile when food digestion is not occurring?

A) liver
B) pancreas
C) gallbladder
D) spleen
E) the body has no capacity for bile storage

Question 68

What is the purpose of mastication?

A) to eliminate undigested food wastes from the body
B) to propel food from one digestive organ to the next
C) to transport nutrients into the blood and lymph
D) to chew, grind and tear food into smaller pieces while in the mouth
E) to move food back and forth along the walls of the small intestine

Question 69

Which of the following features is NOT characteristic of the small intestine?

A) Peyer's patches
B) rugae
C) villi
D) circular folds (plicae circulares)
E) lacteals

Question 70

Which one of the following is NOT a subdivision of the large intestine?

A) cecum
B) appendix
C) duodenum
D) colon
E) rectum

Question 71

What organs release secretions into the duodenum of the small intestine?

A) pancreas, gallbladder and spleen
B) appendix and Peyer's patches
C) liver, gallbladder and pancreas
D) cecum and appendix
E) spleen, gallbladder and liver

Question 72

Which tube brings bile directly back into the gallbladder for storage?

A) common bile duct
B) main pancreatic duct
C) cystic duct
D) accessory pancreatic duct
E) common hepatic duct

Question 73

Which organ is responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination of feces?

A) stomach
B) large intestine
C) small intestine
D) pancreas
E) liver

Question 74

Enzymes and bile are carried by the hepatopancreatic ampulla into the ________.

A) duodenum
B) jejunum
C) ileocecal valve
D) ileum
E) large intestine

Question 75

We do NOT have the enzymes to digest ________.

A) cellulose
B) sucrose
C) lactose
D) maltose
E) starch

Question 76

Where does protein digestion begin?

A) pancreas
B) mouth
C) large intestine
D) pharynx
E) stomach

Question 77

What does salivary amylase digest?

A) protein
B) starch
C) fat
D) vitamins
E) minerals

Question 78

The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes is called ________.

A) ingestion
B) propulsion
C) mechanical breakdown
D) digestion
E) absorption

Question 79

The anterior chisel-shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting are called ________.

A) incisors
B) canines
C) premolars
D) molars
E) wisdom teeth

Question 80

The small intestine extends from the ________.

A) cardioesophgeal sphincter to the pyloric sphincter (valve)
B) pyloric sphincter (valve) to the ileocecal valve
C) ileocecal valve to the appendix
D) appendix to the sigmoid colon
E) gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter to ileocecal valve