Deck 9: Onhuman Primate Behavior

Question 1

Factors that determine the size of a primate group include:

A)terrestrial versus arboreal
B)diurnal versus nocturnal
C)frugivores versus folivores
D)all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

Like most lemurs,the dwarf lemur marks its territory with:

A)urine
B)feces
C)secretions from specialized glands
D)all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

Primatologists study primate behavior in:

A)natural populations
B)zoo populations
C)provisioned populations
D)all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

Models for why primates live in groups include:

A)resource defense model
B)predation model
C)mutual aid model
D)a and b
E)all of the above

Question 5

Primates who are active during the day are described as:

A)nocturnal
B)diurnal
C)dayurnal
D)light active

Question 6

Which types of primates are at the most risk from predators?

A)semiterrestrial
B)arboreal quadrupeds
C)arboreal semibrachiators and true brachiators
D)vertical clingers and leapers

Question 7

Which of the following is true about studies of captive colonies such as those in zoos?

A)the behavior of caged animals is much the same as their wild counterparts
B)behavior is apt to reflect some of the behavioral patterns of wild populations at a much lower intensity
C)behavior tends to be like that of a wild population,given adequate space and a good food supply
D)zoo animals are thoroughly domesticated and useless for study

Question 8

According to the resource defense model,primates exploiting what type of food source should live in the largest groups:

A)insects
B)fruit
C)leaves

Question 9

The act of grooming oneself is termed:

A)autogrooming
B)self-grooming
C)allogrooming
D)altruistic grooming

Question 10

Among marmosets and tamarins,two adult males may be present and help the female care for the infant,a situation known as a:

A)multimale group
B)polyandrous group
C)polygamous group
D)harem

Question 11

The social behavior of marmosets and tamarins is characterized by:

A)the production of twins
B)offspring carried around on their fathers
C)monogamous family units
D)all of the above

Question 12

Grooming functions to:

A)keep the fur clean
B)maintain adult male-female bonds
C)create bonds of solidarity among troop members
D)all of the above

Question 13

Harems and one-male groups characterize the:

A)gibbon
B)chimpanzee
C)gelada
D)hamadryas baboon

Question 14

A fission-fusion society is characterized by:

A)polyandry
B)changes in group size related to births and deaths
C)changes in group size related to activity of the group and season of the year
D)a and b

Question 15

A social group consisting of a male and female and their young is termed a:

A)multimale group
B)monogamous family group
C)one-male group
D)fission-fusion society

Question 16

Types of primate social groups include:

A)monogamous family groups
B)one-male groups
C)multimale groups
D)all of the above

Question 17

A monogamous family group is characteristic of the:

A)gibbon
B)chimpanzee
C)gelada
D)hamadryas baboon

Question 18

Intense,repetitive physical activity such as chasing,grappling,and pushing are part of:

A)courtship behavior
B)allogrooming behavior
C)play behavior
D)agonistic behavior

Question 19

The primate populations on Cayo Santiago are an example of:

A)natural populations
B)zoo populations
C)provisioned populations
D)all of the above

Question 20

A social group consisting of several males with several females and young is termed a:

A)multimale group
B)monogamous family group
C)one-male group
D)fission-fusion society

Question 21

Behavior involving fighting,threats,and fleeing is termed:

A)agonistic
B)antagonistic
C)allogrooming
D)play

Question 22

Gibbon territorial behavior is characterized by:

A)frequent fights leading to injury and death
B)little to no conflicts of any type between groups
C)daily conflicts expressed primarily by vocalization and display
D)daily conflicts but only between females of different groups

Question 23

The period of life between the time when the male reaches sexual maturity to the time when the canines are fully erupted is called:

A)adult
B)subadult
C)juvenile
D)infant

Question 24

Studies of the baboon are of special interest to students of human evolution because:

A)the common ancestor of humans and the apes was a baboonlike form
B)baboons make tools and hunt for meat
C)baboons occupy a habitat similar to that occupied by the early hominins
D)none of the above

Question 25

Geladas are:

A)monkeys found in Ethiopia
B)a subspecies of baboons
C)arboreal quadrupeds
D)Asiatic leaf-eating monkeys

Question 26

Geladas form:

A)one-male harems
B)all-male groups
C)herds
D)all of the above

Question 27

In addition to one-male harem groups,gelada society is also made up of:

A)small all-male groups
B)family units
C)nursery units
D)solitary adults

Question 28

The cohesiveness of the gelada one-male harem group seems to be derived primarily from the:

A)sexual attraction between the male and females
B)constant herding on the part of the male
C)close relationships among the adult females
D)these units are not very cohesive and are constantly changing

Question 29

Baboons:

A)range freely over very large areas
B)remain within a fixed home range which overlaps the home ranges of neighboring troops
C)remain within fiercely defended nonoverlapping territories
D)mix freely with other troops

Question 30

The savanna baboons of Nairobi Park live in:

A)social units very similar to those of the gelada
B)large multimale troops
C)associations of monogamous family units
D)a fission-fusion society

Question 31

Play behavior is important for:

A)development and refinement of physical skills
B)development of social skills and social bonds
C)learning about the physical world
D)all of the above

Question 32

Often,several harems will share a home range and are called a:

A)troop
B)band
C)multiharem group
D)cohort

Question 33

The basic unit of gelada societies is:

A)solitary animals
B)monogamous family groups
C)one-male harem groups
D)multimale groups

Question 34

The home ranges of baboons:

A)are defended by the males of the group
B)often cover as many as100 square miles
C)often overlap extensively with home ranges of neighboring troops
D)all of the above

Question 35

When a gibbon reaches about six years of age:

A)both males and females leave the group
B)he or she becomes integrated as an adult member of the group
C)males become integrated into the group but females leave
D)females become integrated into the group but males leave

Question 36

A gelada one-male harem group typically consists of one adult male and ____ adult females.

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)15

Question 37

Among geladas,__________ have a different color fur.

A)infants
B)adult males
C)females in estrus
D)pregnant females

Question 38

A territory is an area:

A)occupied by a primate group
B)used most intensively by a primate group
C)defended by a primate group
D)none of the above

Question 39

An example of a highly territorial animal is the:

A)gibbon
B)baboon
C)gelada
D)chimpanzee

Question 40

Because of fluctuations in available food supply,the size of the gelada social unit varies.The largest unit,composed of hundreds of individuals under very good grazing conditions,is the:

A)troop
B)herd
C)band
D)cohort

Question 41

In describing chimpanzee social organization,a gathering refers to a(n):

A)hunting party
B)unit consisting of a male,female,and young
C)group that contains more than half of the individuals of the community
D)all-male group

Question 42

The chimpanzee diet consists of:

A)fruits,leaves and seeds
B)meat
C)insects
D)all of the above

Question 43

When moving through the savanna the most dominant adult male baboons are found:

A)at the lead of the troop
B)in the middle of the troop
C)at the rear of the troop
D)a and c

Question 44

Which of the following statements is not true regarding baboon dominance hierarchies?

A)most aggression is expressed in terms of gesture
B)adult females form dominance hierarchies
C)dominance positions are unstable and change frequently
D)high-ranking males often are the offspring of high-ranking females

Question 45

Baboon males:

A)are constantly fighting for dominance positions
B)express most aggression and antagonism in terms of gesture
C)are responsible for the defense of territory
D)all of the above

Question 46

A chimpanzee social unit can consist of:

A)adult males,females,and young
B)adult females with young
C)all adult males
D)all of the above

Question 47

Core areas usually contain:

A)concentrations of sleeping trees
B)preferred food supplies
C)a source of water
D)all of the above

Question 48

In chimpanzee groups:

A)females migrate from one community to another
B)closely related males form close bonds
C)males groom each other about twice as long as males and females groom each other
D)all of the above

Question 49

A grooming cluster consists of:

A)adult females and their young
B)groups of juveniles of about the same age
C)small multimale units
D)all of the above

Question 50

Dominance interactions within the baboon troop often take the form of:

A)presenting and mounting
B)displacement
C)preference over choice food resources
D)all of the above

Question 51

Estrus in baboons:

A)is marked by a swelling of the sexual skin
B)will not occur during pregnancy or lactation
C)characterizes females at most times of their lives
D)a and b
E)all of the above

Question 52

Features which contribute to making an adult male baboon dominant include:

A)good physical condition
B)confidence and aggressiveness
C)having a high-ranking mother
D)all of the above

Question 53

Cohesion within the baboon troop results:

A)exclusively from interest between males and females in sex
B)from constant herding on the part of the male
C)from the defense of a common territory
D)none of the above

Question 54

A system of social ranking based on the relative dominance of animals within a social group is called a:

A)dominance hierarchy
B)dominance ranking
C)ascendancy ranking
D)power hierarchy

Question 55

The chimpanzee community consists of:

A)nursery units
B)all-male parties
C)consortship
D)all of the above

Question 56

The diet of the savanna baboon includes:

A)grasses and seeds
B)hunted vertebrates
C)fruits and flowers
D)all of the above

Question 57

Fission-fusion societies are societies in which:

A)females form one-male harems during part of the year and multimale groups during other times
B)males and females form monogamous units during part of the year and exist in multimale troops during other times of the year
C)large groups break up into smaller units,and smaller units coalesce into larger ones
D)animals remain solitary except during the mating season

Question 58

Chimpanzees:

A)sleep on the ground at night
B)find most of their food on the ground
C)can be considered to be basically a terrestrial primate
D)none of the above

Question 59

The period of sexual receptivity is termed:

A)ovulation
B)estrus
C)availability
D)none of the above

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true about baboon sexual behavior?

A)the baboon female is always receptive to the advances of the male
B)mating is always initiated by the male
C)particular males and females will form consort pairs for short periods of time
D)none of the above

Question 61

Matching Questions
match the behavior with its description:

-mounting

A)one animal moving away from a sitting place for another animal
B)using hands to clean fur
C)one animal jumps on top of another animal from behind
D)intense,repetitive physical activity

Question 62

The chimpanzee has been observed in the wild to manufacture:

A)termite sticks
B)stone hammers
C)wood clubs
D)none of the above

Question 63

Matching Questions
match the behavior with its description:

-grooming

A)one animal moving away from a sitting place for another animal
B)using hands to clean fur
C)one animal jumps on top of another animal from behind
D)intense,repetitive physical activity

Question 64

Matching Questions
match the following primates with their type of social organization:

-chimpanzee

A)monogamous family group
B)one-male group
C)multimale troop
D)fusion-fission society
E)polyandrous

Question 65

Matching Questions
match the following primates with their type of social organization:

-tamarins

A)monogamous family group
B)one-male group
C)multimale troop
D)fusion-fission society
E)polyandrous

Question 66

The bonobo differs from the chimpanzee in many ways,including the fact that:

A)bonobos mate face-to-face
B)sex is initiated by males only
C)bonobos have a very restricted time of sexual receptivity
D)all of the above

Question 67

Matching Questions
match the following primates with their type of social organization:

-gelada

A)monogamous family group
B)one-male group
C)multimale troop
D)fusion-fission society
E)polyandrous

Question 68

Chimpanzees in the wild have been observed killing:

A)young bushbucks and bushpigs
B)baboons
C)arboreal monkeys
D)all of the above

Question 69

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-territory

A)area defended by a group
B)area occupied by a group
C)area within a range intensively occupied by a group

Question 70

Social interactions between adult male chimpanzees:

A)are characterized by a strict dominance hierarchy
B)are described by the terms dominance and submission
C)are usually very aggressive
D)occur only when a new male is trying to take over the group

Question 71

Matching Questions
match the following primates with their type of social organization:

-baboon

A)monogamous family group
B)one-male group
C)multimale troop
D)fusion-fission society
E)polyandrous

Question 72

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-core area

A)area defended by a group
B)area occupied by a group
C)area within a range intensively occupied by a group

Question 73

Which of the following describes some aspect of chimpanzee hunting?

A)hunting is primarily a male activity
B)chimpanzees will cooperate with one another in hunting
C)meat is shared
D)all of the above

Question 74

Matching Questions
match each behavior with its description:

-agonistic behavior

A)behavior involving fights,threats,and fleeing
B)intense,repetitive physical activity
C)pseudo-sexual behavior between males

Question 75

Matching Questions
match the behavior with its description:

-displacement

A)one animal moving away from a sitting place for another animal
B)using hands to clean fur
C)one animal jumps on top of another animal from behind
D)intense,repetitive physical activity

Question 76

Matching Questions
match the behavior with its description:

-play

A)one animal moving away from a sitting place for another animal
B)using hands to clean fur
C)one animal jumps on top of another animal from behind
D)intense,repetitive physical activity

Question 77

Chimpanzees form sharing clusters:

A)whenever they eat
B)to eat meat that has been hunted
C)only between mothers and children
D)to eat nuts that have been cracked open

Question 78

Tool manufacturing among wild chimpanzees is an example of:

A)innate behavior
B)learned behavior
C)imitation of human activity
D)none of these since chimpanzees do not manufacture tools in the wild

Question 79

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-range

A)area defended by a group
B)area occupied by a group
C)area within a range intensively occupied by a group

Question 80

Matching Questions
match the following primates with their type of social organization:

-gibbon

A)monogamous family group
B)one-male group
C)multimale troop
D)fusion-fission society
E)polyandrous