Deck 14: Early Species of the Genus Homo

Question 1

Fossilized remains of Homo erectus have been found in:

A)Europe
B)Asia
C)Africa
D)all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

Generally,the dentition of Homo is ____________ Australopithecus.

A)the same as
B)larger than
C)smaller than
D)characterized by larger molars and smaller incisors than

Answer 2

smaller than

Question 3

The first specimens of Homo habilis were discovered at:

A)Hadar
B)Laetoli
C)Olduvai Gorge
D)East Lake Turkana

Answer 3

Olduvai Gorge

Question 4

Paleoanthropologists use the word "human" as a technical term to refer to:

A)Homo sapiens only
B)H.sapiens and H.neandertalensis only
C)all members of the genus Homo
D)none of the above;"human" is not a technical term

Question 5

The first Homo erectus find in Africa was made by:

A)Louis Leakey at Olduvai Gorge
B)Tim White at Olduvai Gorge
C)Richard Leakey at Lake Turkana
D)Eugene Dubois at Ngandong

Question 6

The thickest bones of the braincase and the largest brow ridges are found in:

A)Australopithecus
B)Paranthropus
C)Aegyptopithecus
D)Homo

Question 7

The first Homo erectus find was made by:

A)Eugene Dubois
B)Mary and Louis Leakey
C)Richard Leakey
D)Tim White

Question 8

The species of Homo predating H.erectus is:

A)Homo africanus
B)Homo robustus
C)Homo habilis
D)Homo presapiens

Question 9

The oldest member of the genus Homo was found in ___________ and is dated to around ___________.

A)East Africa,2.3 million B.P.
B)East Africa,1.8 million B.P.
C)South Africa,2.8 million B.P.
D)South Africa,2.1 million B.P.

Question 10

The earliest hominins which are classified as Homo erectus date to as far back as about:

A)3.8 million years
B)2.4 million years
C)1.8 million years
D)800,000 years

Question 11

The best known specimens of Homo habilis fall between:

A)2.5 and 2.3 million B.P.
B)1.9 and 1.6 million B.P.
C)1.5 and 1.3 million B.P.
D)1.2 and 1.0 million B.P.

Question 12

Which of the following is the earliest species of the genus Homo?

A)Homo sapiens
B)Homo habilis
C)Homo neandertalensis
D)Homo erectus

Question 13

Some paleoanthropologists see the specimens that make up Homo habilis as really belonging to two separate species,H.habilis and:

A)H.rudolfensis
B)H.ergasteri
C)H.leakyi
D)H.erectus

Question 14

The average cranial capacity (as indicated from the specimens listed in Table 14-2)for Homo habilis probably lies somewhere between:

A)500-700 cubic centimeters
B)700-900 cubic centimeters
C)900-1000 cubic centimeters
D)above 1000 cubic centimeters

Question 15

Homo is different from Australopithecus in that Homo is characterized by:

A)bones of braincase being thin
B)relatively small facial skeleton
C)marked postorbital constriction
D)enclosed eye socket

Question 16

The earliest species to be found outside of the African continent is:

A)Paranthropus robustus
B)Homo habilis
C)Homo erectus
D)Homo sapiens

Question 17

Homo is different from Australopithecus in that Homo is characterized by:

A)larger body size
B)less sexual dimorphism
C)larger cranial capacity
D)all of the above

Question 18

The first specimens of Homo habilis were discovered by:

A)Louis and Mary Leakey
B)Tim White
C)Donald Johanson
D)F.Clark Howell

Question 19

Historically,the first Homo erectus find was made in:

A)China
B)Japan
C)Java
D)India

Question 20

The genus Homo differs from the australopithecines in several ways,including:

A)greater cranial capacity and no sagittal crests
B)smaller premolars and molars
C)erect bipedalism
D)a and b
E)all of the above

Question 21

Finds of the species Homo heidelbergensis date from between:

A)1.5 and 1.3 million years ago
B)1.2 to 1.0 million years ago
C)800,000 and 250,000 years ago
D)200,000 and 100,000 years ago

Question 22

The earliest recognized Neandertal fossils were discovered:

A)a few years before the publication of Darwin's On the Origin of Species
B)around the year 1900
C)in the year 1924
D)only about 35 years ago

Question 23

A thickening of the bone along the top of the skull forming a bony ridge is called a(n):

A)sagittal keel
B)postorbital ridge
C)mandibular torus
D)occipital torus

Question 24

In the 1990s researchers at the site of Gran Dolina in Spain identified a new hominin species:

A)Homo erectus
B)Homo heidelbergensis
C)Homo antecessor
D)Homo floresiensis

Question 25

A platycephalic skull with a sagittal keel and occipital torus is characteristic of:

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo heidelbergensis
D)Homo neandertalensis

Question 26

The first hominin to have a body size similar to those of modern humans was:

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo heidelbergensis
D)Homo neandertalensis

Question 27

The finds of Homo antecessor have been dated to about:

A)2.5 million B.P.
B)1.5 million B.P.
C)800,000 B.P.
D)400,000 B.P.

Question 28

The Boxgrove fossils consist of a:

A)fragment of tibia
B)mandible
C)pelvis and several limb bones
D)complete skull
E)all of the above

Question 29

WT 15000,or "Turkana Boy," is an important find because it showed that Homo ergaster:

A)remained as short as H.habilis
B)lived as early as 2.5 million years ago
C)had cranial capacities as large as H.sapiens
D)none of the above

Question 30

The Homo heidelbergensis skull from Steinheim:

A)resembles H.erectus in having a low,sloping forehead and large brow ridges
B)resembles H.neandertalensis in having smaller teeth and a smaller facial skeleton
C)resembles H.neandertalensis in being orthognathous
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 31

The cranial capacity of Homo erectus is:

A)within the ape range
B)within the lower range of variation of modern humans
C)the same as modern humans
D)greater than the average for modern humans

Question 32

Which the following sites have yielded fossil evidence of Homo heidelbergensis?

A)Kabwe,Zambia
B)Shaanxi Province,China
C)Boxgrove,England
D)all of the above

Question 33

Neandertals can best be considered to be:

A)apelike forms not on the direct evolutionary line leading to modern humans
B)late surviving H.erectus populations
C)the ancestors of the Australian aborigines
D)a highly variable population of humans living throughout the Old World from about 120,000 to 35,000 years ago

Question 34

Homo ergaster is found in:

A)East Africa from 1.8 to 1.5 million B.P.
B)South Africa from 2.4 to 2.1 million B.P.
C)East Europe from 1.3 to 1.1 million B.P.
D)South Europe from 1.8 to 1.7 million B.P.

Question 35

The Neandertals are named after the Neander Valley in:

A)east Africa
B)France
C)Germany
D)Java

Question 36

Homo erectus is characterized by a:

A)relatively large facial skeleton as compared to H.sapiens
B)cranial capacity averaging 1400 cubic centimeters
C)prominent chin
D)lack of brow ridges

Question 37

A typical cranial capacity for Homo erectus would be:

A)700 cubic centimeters
B)1000 cubic centimeters
C)1400 cubic centimeters
D)1600 cubic centimeters

Question 38

Having a low,relatively flat forehead is referred to as being:

A)platycephalic
B)prognathic
C)prolific
D)none of the above

Question 39

The Kabwe cranium:

A)may be a Homo heidelbergensis from Africa
B)had a cranial capacity of about 1280 cc
C)may be 300,000 years old
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 40

The Homo erectus skull is characterized by:

A)being platycephalic
B)an occipital torus
C)a sagittal keel
D)all of the above

Question 41

Neandertals were on the average ____________ than modern people.

A)taller and more muscular
B)much more lightly built
C)shorter and more muscular
D)probably weaker

Question 42

A "bun-shaped" occipital bone is characteristic of:

A)modern H.sapiens
B)H.erectus
C)Australopithecus
D)Neandertals

Question 43

Neandertals:

A)existed only in northern Europe
B)existed only in central Europe
C)ranged over a large area of Europe and Eurasia
D)extended even into the New World

Question 44

Neandertal fossils indicate that:

A)because of large brain size,Neandertals were more intelligent than modern humans
B)Neandertals had a "bun shaped" skull
C)Neandertals were considerably taller than the average modern European
D)Neandertals were less muscular than modern people

Question 45

"Paleolithic" means:

A)"stone tool"
B)"old stone"
C)"ancient ape"
D)"stone age"

Question 46

When compared with Neandertals,Homo sapiens exhibit:

A)a rounder head
B)smaller dentition
C)a smaller cranial capacity
D)all of the above

Question 47

An unaltered,natural rock,transported to a site by humans,is referred to by the term:

A)debitage
B)assemblage
C)manuport
D)burin

Question 48

A lithic industry refers to all of the stone artifacts of a:

A)region
B)culture
C)site
D)none of the above

Question 49

Assemblage refers to:

A)all of the artifacts from a given site
B)all of the artifacts from a site made from the same material
C)the materials used to create or assemble tools
D)waste produced in the process of tool manufacture

Question 50

The teres minor of Neandertals:

A)allowed for powerful throwing and pounding activities
B)allowed them to run faster than modern people
C)protected the eyes from cold
D)was more developed in females because of the requirements of childbirth

Question 51

Neandertals have been found in:

A)Yugoslavia
B)Russia
C)Israel
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 52

Debitage refers to:

A)waste produced in the process of tool manufacture
B)artifacts which appear to have been created for a specific function
C)pieces of stone used without retouch
D)natural rocks brought into a site by humans

Question 53

The recent testing of Neandertal DNA showed that Neandertals:

A)and modern H.sapiens are genetically indistinguishable from each other
B)definitely never interbred with any modern populations
C)share a small percentage of their genes with some modern populations
D)are really a subspecies of H.habilis

Question 54

From the back view the Neandertal skull appears:

A)perfectly round
B)"barrel-shaped"
C)"bun-shaped"
D)square

Question 55

DNA evidence from southern Siberian hominin fossils from about 80,000 years ago indicates that:

A)these hominins had genes that allowed them to exist in temperatures as low as 100 degrees below zero without close or shelter
B)this population was a separate species from Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis
C)they were a 50-50 hybrid of Neandertal and modern human
D)they were the common ancestor of Neandertals and modern humans

Question 56

The Lower Paleolithic begins about:

A)4.4 million years ago with the evolution of Ardipithecus ramidus
B)2.6 million years ago with the first use of stone tools
C)120,000 years ago with the evolution of the Neandertals
D)15,000 to 10,000 years ago after the last ice age

Question 57

The Middle Paleolithic refers to the stone tools of:

A)Homo habilis
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo neandertalensis
D)Homo sapiens

Question 58

The teres minor is:

A)a muscle of the upper arm
B)a muscle of the leg
C)a small primate
D)a part of the brain

Question 59

Neandertal skeletal features include:

A)prominent brow ridge
B)"bun-shaped" occipital
C)curvature of the femur
D)all of the above

Question 60

The Neandertal skull is characterized by:

A)small brow ridges
B)small orbits
C)forward-projecting face
D)all of the above

Question 61

The motor hypothesis of language states that:

A)the motor skills necessary for language only evolved with H.sapiens
B)all hominins would have been capable of language
C)the complex skills needed to manufacture tools led directly to the motor skills needed to produce speech
D)the rearrangement of the skeleton for erect bipedalism led to the motor skills needed to produce speech

Question 62

Stones may be tools if:

A)there is regularity in shape among the objects
B)the objects are found in association with things they may have been used on
C)the tools are found some distance from where the material to make them is located
D)all of the above

Question 63

The most frequent manifestation of the Lower Paleolithic is the:

A)Acheulean tradition
B)Oldowan tradition
C)Mousterian tradition
D)Upper Paleolithic tradition

Question 64

The shape of the Neandertal basicranium has been used as evidence to support the conclusion that Neandertals:

A)were able to produce all of the sounds produced by modern humans
B)were unable to produce all of the sounds produced by modern humans
C)could not speak at all
D)were largely deaf

Question 65

The floor of the brain case is referred to as the:

A)basicranium
B)hyoid
C)occipital
D)torus

Question 66

The evidence for controlled use of fire:

A)goes back about one million years
B)occurred very early in hominin history,perhaps with the Australopithecines
C)is associated closely with the manufacturing of the first stone tools
D)seems to be one of the lastest of hominin primary cultural developments dating only to about 25,000 years ago

Question 67

The oldest known archaeological culture is the:

A)Mousterian
B)Oldowan
C)Acheulean
D)Aurignacian

Question 68

Before hominins became predominately hunters of large game,they may have been predominately:

A)carnivores
B)scavengers of meat and gatherers of vegetation
C)gatherers of vegetation without meat in their diet
D)primitive horticulturalists

Question 69

The hand ax is a diagnostic tool type of the:

A)Acheulean tradition
B)Oldowan tradition
C)Mousterian tradition
D)Upper Paleolithic tradition

Question 70

It was likely that early hominins of the Lower Paleolithic were:

A)skilled hunters of large game
B)strict vegetarians
C)hunted large game,but only in groups disturbed by natural processes
D)were mostly scavengers when it came to acquiring meat.

Question 71

The dramatic increase in the genetic potential for culture and linguistic ability seems to have begun about:

A)1.6 million years ago
B)850,000 years ago
C)650,000 years ago
D)425,000 years ago

Question 72

The earliest presence of Broca's area may be found in:

A)Australopithecus afarensis
B)Homo rudolfensis
C)Homo erectus
D)early Homo sapiens

Question 73

Broca's area of the brain:

A)controls the muscles used in speech
B)controls fine movement of the hand and allows for tool-making
C)is responsible for the maintenance of balance during bipedal walking
D)controls the muscles of hand movement used in sign language

Question 74

The motor hypothesis of language suggests that the initial event that led to the modern motor capacity for language was the:

A)evolution of erect bipedalism
B)ability to manufacture stone tools
C)shift to hunting from scavenging
D)ability to use a precision grip

Question 75

The evidence for fire use dating back to about 1 million B.P.comes from the site of:

A)Terra Amata,France
B)Oluduvai Gorge,Africa
C)Wonerwerk Cave,South Africa
D)Zhoukoudian,China

Question 76

The tools found at Lokalakei in West Turkana show:

A)the use of bone as well as stone tools
B)fine motor precision and coordination
C)the manufacture of projectile points
D)all of the above

Question 77

The use of fire by hominins would have:

A)extended their niche by providing light in the evening
B)provided warmth necessary to move into cooler regions
C)increased the intensity of social interactions
D)all of the above

Question 78

The earliest date suggested for the purposeful use of fire is:

A)1.5 million B.P.
B)1 million B.P.
C)300,000 B.P.
D)100,000 B.P.

Question 79

Evidence for scavenging as opposed to hunting in early hominins includes:

A)microscopic analysis of cut marks on bones of prey animals
B)the wear patterns of hominin teeth
C)an analysis of the division of labor in contemporary hunter-gatherer societies
D)a and b

Question 80

Humans of the Paleolithic most often lived in:

A)huts
B)caves
C)a variety of different dwelling types
D)the city of Bedrock
E)none of the above