Deck 3: Air Temperature

Question 1

What is the primary reason for thermometers being housed in a thermometer shelter?

A)To keep them clean
B)To keep them secure
C)To make them easy to find
D)To control the effect of air flow
E)To allow observers to easily read the temperature in a convenient location

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius?

A)C = 9/5F+32
B)C=5/9F-32
C)C = 9/5F-32
D)C=5/9F+32
E)C=9/5+F32

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In which atmospheric layers does temperature increase with altitude?

A)troposphere
B)tropopause
C)stratosphere
D)stratopause
E)mesosphere

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the technical term for a digital thermometer?

A)isotherm
B)thermoneter
C)thermistor
D)electrotherm
E)digitherm

Question 5

What is the homosphere?

A)The lower portion of the troposphere only
B)The troposphere and the lower portion of the stratosphere
C)The troposphere,stratosphere and the lower portion of the mesosphere
D)The troposphere,mesosphere and the lower portion of the thermosphere
E)The troposphere,mesosphere,stratosphere and the lower portion of the thermosphere

Question 6

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A)Isotherms connect points of equal temperature.
B)Isobars connect points of equal pressure
C)The horizontal rate of temperature change is referred to as the temperature gradient
D)A world isotherm map of mean January sea level temperatures indicates a poleward bending of isotherms over large land masses.
E)Advection is the horizontal transport of energy by the atmosphere

Question 7

Which of the following phenomena can be detected in the historical record of temperature?

A)land surface change
B)stratospheric ozone depletion
C)deforestation
D)explosive volcanic eruptions
E)changes in the volumes of sea ice

Question 8

A parcel of air at the base of a mountain range has a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius .If the parcel of air moved 500 metres up the slope,its temperature would be approximately _______ degrees Celsius.

A)24
B)27
C)33
D)36
E)40

Question 9

The process of ionization is most associated with which of the following atmospheric layers?

A)the thermosphere and the stratosphere
B)the thermosphere and the mesosphere
C)the mesosphere and the stratosphere
D)the stratosphere and the troposphere
E)the troposphere and the tropopause

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning land/water heating differences is correct?

A)The annual range of temperatures at a coastal location is larger than the annual temperature range of a continental interior location
B)The annual range of temperatures at a coastal location is smaller than the annual temperature range of a continental interior location
C)The annual range of temperatures at a coastal location is the same as the annual temperature range of a continental interior location
D)The moderating influence of the ocean at a coastal location is known as the continental effect
E)The moderating influence of the land surface at a continental interior location is known as the maritime effect

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning the urban heat island is correct?

A)the urban heat island only develops where cities are mostly located on islands
B)the urban heat island only develops in hot,dry climates
C)residential areas are affected more than core urban areas
D)park areas in a city can reduce the effect of the urban heat island
E)highly reflective surfaces can be used to reduce the impact of the urban heat island

Question 12

Which of the following is a source of atmospheric carbon dioxide?

A)photosynthesis
B)chlorofluorocarbons
C)rice fields
D)burning of fossil fuels
E)melting ice

Question 13

Currently,which of the following gases contributes the most toward the greenhouse effect?

A)methane
B)CFCs
C)tropospheric aerosols
D)carbon dioxide
E)nitrous oxide

Question 14

During a temperature inversion _______.

A)there is no change in air temperature as one ascends through the troposphere
B)there is no change in air temperature as one descends through the troposphere
C)temperatures increase as one ascends through the lower atmosphere
D)temperatures decrease as one ascends through the lower atmosphere
E)the stratosphere is the same temperature as the troposphere

Question 15

Overall,net radiation is greatest at _____________ latitudes and smallest at ______________ latitudes.

A)low / middle
B)low / high
C)middle / low
D)high / low
E)middle / high

Question 16

At what altitude would you normally find the tropopause?

A)1 km to 10 kms
B)2 kms to 12 kms
C)6 kms to 16 kms
D)8 kms to 18 kms
E)10 kms to 20 kms

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the major factors influencing surface temperature?

A)Coastal compared to interior locations
B)Suface type
C)Elevation
D)Insolation
E)Cloudiness

Question 18

The greenhouse effect is the result of the atmosphere's _______ of _______ radiation emitted by the earth.

A)reflection/infrared
B)absorption/longwave
C)refraction/counter-
D)reflection/shortwave
E)absorption /shortwave

Question 19

The transmission of sensible heat through matter by transfer of energy from one atom or molecule in the direction of decreasing temperature is:

A)convection
B)conduction
C)transpiration
D)latent heat transfer
E)lapse rate

Question 20

Which of the following orderings of atmospheric layers is correct as one moves from the earth's surface through the atmosphere?

A)troposphere,stratosphere,mesosphere,thermosphere
B)troposphere,thermosphere,stratosphere,mesosphere
C)thermosphere,stratosphere,mesosphere,troposphere
D)stratosphere,thermosphere,troposphere,mesosphere
E)thermosphere.mesosphere,stratosphere,troposphere

Question 21

Using 3.20 which of the locations has the most continental and high latitude climate?

A)Yakutsk
B)Hamburg
C)Aswan
D)Manaus

Question 22

City surfaces are darker and more absorbent than rural surfaces.

Question 23

Land-water contrasts keep:

A)the coastal locations constantly cold.
B)the moisture from reaching interior locations
C)prevent coastal locations from too much direct sun.
D)air temperature at coastal locations more constant than at interior locations.
E)air temperature at coastal locations at or near freezing.

Question 24

Lines connecting locations having the same temperature are referred to as:

A)isotherms
B)isolines
C)isobars
D)isohypses
E)isohyets

Question 25

The altitude of the tropopause varies with season and latitude.

Question 26

Daytime high temperatures occur:

A)near high noon
B)just after noon
C)about 4:30 pm
D)about 3:00 pm
E)just before sunset

Question 27

The environmental lapse rate is:

A)2)2 degrees per 100 meters
B)4)4 degrees per 1000 meters
C)3)2 degrees per 1000 meters
D)6)4 degrees per 1000 meters
E)10 degrees per 1000 meters

Question 28

The warming effect of vegetation is the result of transpiring leaves and their interception of solar radiation.

Question 29

Locations near oceans experience a wider range of air temperatures than locations in continental interiors.

Question 30

Isotherms make a large north-south shift from January to July over continents in mid-latitude and subarctic zones.

Question 31

Daytime low temperatures generally occur:

A)at sunrise
B)about ½ hour after sunrise
C)about 1 hour after sunrise
D)at midnight
E)about 3:00 am

Question 32

Generally,the height above the ground for a weather thermometer placement is approx.4 ft.,because:

A)it is easier for short people to read.
B)temperature extremes occur if placed too close to the ground.
C)because that is the way it has always been done.
D)of overall ease of use.
E)if all thermometer's are placed at that height,then accurate comparisons between recording stations can occur.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A)Tropospheric aerosols as a result of human activity include sulfate particles,fine soot and organic particles
B)Land cover alteration such as deforestation induces cooling
C)Solar output has decreased slightly causing cooling
D)Volcanic aerosols have at times caused warming and at other times cooling
E)The effect of greenhouse gases has outweighed the cooling effects of other factors

Question 34

Atmospheric aerosols may be derived from which of the following?

A)soot from burning of materials
B)salt spray from oceans
C)particles from forest fires
D)volcanic eruptions
E)all of the above

Question 35

Which of the following may be used to reduce the damage of frosts?

A)irrigation
B)oil burning heaters
C)dark colored mulch on the soil surface
D)light colored mulch on the soil surface
E)all of the above

Question 36

An increase in latitude results in:

A)very little day time high temperature change.
B)an increase in elevation.
C)a decrease in annual net temperatures .
D)an increase in annual net temperatures.
E)a change in time zone.

Question 37

Crossing isotherms at a perpendicular is sad to be:

A)impossible.
B)the correct way to compare isotherms.
C)called the "temperature gradient".
D)increasing in temperature.
E)decreasing in temperature.

Question 38

Which of the following is not one of the four important thermal difference between land and ocean surfaces?

A)downwelling of solar radiation that penetrates the water
B)water is slower to heat than land
C)warm water surfaces can mix with cooler water below
D)the greater heat capacity of dry soil
E)open water can be easily cooled by open evaporation

Question 39

The rate of temperature decrease with altitude is around 5 degrees Celsius per 1000 meters.

Question 40

The hottest month for interior locations in the Northern Hemisphere is ______ while the coldest month is __________.

A)May / December
B)May / November
C)June / December
D)July / January
E)August / February

Question 41

It is envisaged that global temperatures will be on average higher than today's by anywhere between 1 and 3.5 degrees Celsius by 2100.Describe the changes that would result from such a change.

Question 42

Identify whether your location has a continental or maritime climate.Compare and contrast your climate to that of an opposing continental or maritime climate

Question 43

Describe the sources,sinks and effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide and its role in the greenhouse effect.

Question 44

Urban locations always experience an "urban heat island effect".

Question 45

Highlands are always colder than surrounding lowlands.

Question 46

40 degrees below zero is the same temperature in both Celsius and Fahrenheit.

Question 47

Areas of perpetual ice and snow are always intensely cold.

Question 48

Imagine you are ascending through the atmosphere from the ground upward.Describe the changing conditions as you ascend

Question 49

The annual range of temperature decreases with latitude especially over northern hemisphere continents.

Question 50

Temperatures of air and soil at or very close to the ground surface are less variable than air temperatures measured at standard height.

Question 51

Using two examples of each,describe the climate,seasons and locations where isotherms are bent either poleward or northward.

Question 52

Describe and explain how the urban heat island effect influences the climate of your location

Question 53

Describe how the climate would change should you climb or drive up a local region of high elevation.

Question 54

Compare and contrast the characteristics of the troposphere with the stratosphere.

Question 55

Air temperature increase with altitude,an inversion is present.This can develop on cloudy nights when the surface loses longwave radiation to space.

Question 56

Large land masses located in the subarctic and arctic zones develop centers of low temperatures related to the high albedos of snow cover.

Question 57

Describe the nature of the five factors influencing air temperature,and explain by describing the characteristics of your current location.

Question 58

Using Figure 3.27,identify and speculate on the impact upon human history in those eras.