Deck 8: Biogeographic Processes

Question 1

Which of the following is not an example of a macronutrient?

A)nitrogen
B)copper
C)aluminum
D)sulfur
E)iron

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a consequence of the loss of energy as passes up the levels in a food chain?

A)increasing gross photosynthesis
B)decreasing gross photosynthesis
C)decreasing net photosynthesis
D)decreasing biomass
E)increasing respiration

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Generally,how much energy stored in organic matter at one level can be passed up the chain to the next level?

A)1 - 5%
B)5 - 10%
C)10 - 50%
D)70 - 90%
E)90 - 100%

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following climate types would generally have the lowest levels of primary productivity?

A)dry tropical semi-arid
B)wet-dry tropical
C)Mediterranean
D)boreal forest
E)moist continental

Question 5

The amount of net carbohydrate remaining after respiration has broken down sufficient carbohydrate to power a plant is the:

A)primary production
B)net primary production
C)biomass
D)gross photosynthesis
E)net photosynthesis

Question 6

Which of the following factors is responsible for higher productivities in marine coastal areas?

A)rate of decomposition
B)day length
C)upwelling
D)light intensity
E)temperature

Question 7

At each level in a food chain or food web,energy is lost through:

A)decay
B)respiration
C)metabolism
D)net photosynthesis
E)gross photosynthesis

Question 8

Which of the following environments would have the lowest net primary production on average?

A)agricultural land
B)tropical rainforest
C)midlatitude grasslands
D)open ocean
E)lakes and streams

Question 9

The rate at which carbohydrate is accumulated in the tissues of plants within a given ecosystem is the:

A)primary production
B)net primary production
C)biomass
D)gross photosynthesis
E)net photosynthesis

Question 10

The dry weight of living organic matter in an ecosystem within a designated surface area is the:

A)primary production
B)net primary production
C)biomass
D)gross photosynthesis
E)net photosynthesis

Question 11

Of the total carbon available,in which of the following pools would you find the most carbon?

A)oceans
B)atmosphere
C)carbonate sediments
D)hydrocarbon
E)soils

Question 12

A deer grazing on grasses and shrubs would be said to occupy which level in a food chain?

A)Producers
B)First order consumers
C)Second order consumers
D)Third order consumers
E)Decomposers

Question 13

Which of the following climate types would generally have the highest levels of primary productivity?

A)dry tropical semi-arid
B)wet-dry tropical
C)Mediterranean
D)boreal forest
E)moist continental

Question 14

Which of the following statements best describes the process of pyrolysis?

A)burning of any type of biomass such as wood or crop residues
B)controlled partial burning of biomass in an oxygen deficient environment
C)complete burning of biomass with freely available oxygen
D)controlled burning of biomasss with freely available oxygen
E)controlled complete burning of biomass in an oxygen deficient environment

Question 15

Which of the following is the fuel used in pyrolysis?

A)natural gas
B)coal
C)wood
D)biogas
E)charcoal

Question 16

Which of the following processes is used to produce biogas as an energy source?

A)burning of fossil fuels
B)burning of wood and crop residues
C)accumulation of gases from the production of charcoal
D)digestion of wastes by bacteria
E)conversion of agricultural wastes to alcohol

Question 17

Which of the following environments would have the highest net primary production on average?

A)agricultural land
B)tropical rainforest
C)midlatitude grasslands
D)open ocean
E)lakes and streams

Question 18

Detritus is associated with which of the following processes?

A)decay
B)respiration
C)metabolism
D)net photosynthesis
E)gross photosynthesis

Question 19

Which of the following occurs in the lowest concentration in global living matter?

A)phosphorous
B)hydrogen
C)carbon
D)nitrogen
E)calcium

Question 20

Algae floating at the surface of a freshwater pond would be said to occupy which level in a food chain?

A)Producers
B)First order consumers
C)Second order consumers
D)Third order consumers
E)Decomposers

Question 21

Which of the following processes does not remove oxygen from the atmosphere?

A)sedimentation of mineral carbonates
B)respiration
C)combustion
D)mineral oxidation
E)all of the above processes remove oxygen

Question 22

Detritus is associated with which of the following processes?

A)decay
B)respiration
C)metabolism
D)net photosynthesis
E)gross photosynthesis

Question 23

31.At each level in a food chain or food web,energy is lost through:

A)decay
B)respiration
C)metabolism
D)net photosynthesis
E)gross photosynthesis

Question 24

Which of the following elements is not recycled using a gaseous biogeochemical cycle?

A)oxygen
B)calcium
C)carbon
D)nitrogen
E)hydrogen

Question 25

Which of the following cycles is responsible for moving elements that do not have a dominant gaseous phase?

A)nitrogen cycle
B)oxygen cycle
C)sedimentary cycle
D)carbon cycle
E)phosphorous cycle

Question 26

The distribution of species such that one or more closely related species are found in widely separated regions is referred to as a/an:

A)sere
B)bioclimatic frontier
C)habitat
D)niche
E)disjunction

Question 27

Algae floating at the surface of a freshwater pond would be said to occupy which level in a food chain?

A)Producers
B)First order consumers
C)Second order consumers
D)Third order consumers
E)Decomposers

Question 28

A deer grazing on grasses and shrubs would be said to occupy which level in a food chain?

A)Producers
B)First order consumers
C)Second order consumers
D)Third order consumers
E)Decomposers

Question 29

At each level in a food chain or food web,energy is lost through:

A)decay
B)respiration
C)metabolism
D)net photosynthesis
E)gross photosynthesis

Question 30

The process whereby nitrogen is removed from the soil and returned to the atmosphere is referred to as:

A)denitrification
B)nitrogen fixation
C)denudation
D)outgassing
E)combustion

Question 31

Which of the following is a consequence of the loss of energy as passes up the levels in a food chain?

A)increasing gross photosynthesis
B)decreasing gross photosynthesis
C)decreasing net photosynthesis
D)decreasing biomass
E)increasing respiration

Question 32

Which of the following forms of carbon dominates it storage in organic matter?

A)carbon dioxide
B)carbon monoxide
C)hydrocarbons
D)calcium carbonates
E)carbohydrates

Question 33

One of many stages in the progression of succession is referred to as a/an:

A)sere
B)bioclimatic frontier
C)habitat
D)niche
E)disjunction

Question 34

What proportion of the Earth's atmosphere is comprised of nitrogen?

A)24%
B)35%
C)49%
D)78%
E)87%

Question 35

The process whereby nitrogen is removed from the atmosphere and incorporated into soils is referred to as:

A)denitrification
B)nitrogen fixation
C)denudation
D)outgassing
E)combustion

Question 36

Which of the following elements is found in excessive concentrations in lakes and rivers and causes excessive algal growth?

A)oxygen
B)calcium
C)carbon
D)nitrogen
E)hydrogen

Question 37

A subdivision of the environment according to the needs and preferences of organisms or groups of organisms is referred to as a/an:

A)sere
B)bioclimatic frontier
C)habitat
D)niche
E)disjunction

Question 38

Generally,how much energy stored in organic matter at one level can be passed up the chain to the next level?

A)1 - 5%
B)5 - 10%
C)10 - 50%
D)70 - 90%
E)90 - 100%

Question 39

Which of the following forms of interaction between species is responsible for the important role of legumes in the recycling of nitrogen in the soil?

A)succession
B)predation
C)herbivory
D)parsitism
E)symbiosis

Question 40

Which of the following forms of carbon dominates it storage in fossil fuels?

A)carbon dioxide
B)carbon monoxide
C)hydrocarbons
D)calcium carbonates
E)carbohydrates

Question 41

The positive interaction between individuals of different species whereby both species are benefited although it is not essential to their existence is known as:

A)commensalism
B)symbiosis
C)mutualism
D)protocooperation
E)herbivory

Question 42

The specific term used to describe plants that can draw water directly from groundwater resources are referred to as:

A)schlerophylls
B)xerophytes
C)succulents
D)phreatophytes
E)tropophytes

Question 43

The limitation of the spread of a species by regional climatic variations is referred to as a/an:

A)sere
B)bioclimatic frontier
C)habitat
D)niche
E)disjunction

Question 44

The general term that describes the positive interaction between individuals of different species is known as:

A)succession
B)symbiosis
C)allelopathy
D)predation
E)herbivory

Question 45

Which of the following features does not characterize cold-blooded animals?

A)active only in warmer times of the year
B)become dormant in cooler time of the year
C)hibernate in burrows or nests
D)sweat to reduce temperature in hot weather
E)seek shelter in winter to reduce fluctuations of temperature

Question 46

The positive interaction between individuals of different species whereby both species are benefited and it is essential to their existence is known as:

A)commensalism
B)symbiosis
C)mutualism
D)protocooperation
E)herbivory

Question 47

Which of the following characterizes conditions on steep slopes?

A)rapid runoff
B)greater soil water retention
C)cooler and wetter if exposed toward the Sun
D)warmer and drier if shaded from the Sun
E)slow,gradual runoff

Question 48

Daylight length especially in mid-latitudes controls seasonal activity.This is referred to as:

A)edaphic
B)photoperiod
C)seral
D)xeric
E)phreatic

Question 49

The grazing of plants by animals and insects is known as:

A)commensalism
B)symbiosis
C)mutualism
D)protocooperation
E)herbivory

Question 50

A community whereby certain species are normally found together is referred to as a/an:

A)old field
B)bioclimatic frontier
C)association
D)pioneer stage
E)biogeographic region

Question 51

The positive interaction between individuals of different species whereby one species is benefited and the other is unaffected is known as:

A)commensalism
B)symbiosis
C)mutualism
D)protocooperation
E)herbivory

Question 52

The specific term used to describe plants adapted to alternating wet and dry seasons are referred to as:

A)schlerophylls
B)xerophytes
C)succulents
D)phreatophytes
E)tropophytes

Question 53

Which of the following is not one of the factors that acts to keep the spread of a species in check?

A)The specie's spread may be limited by continued dispersal of individuals
B)The specie's spread may be limited by a variety of climatic variations
C)The specie's spread msy be limted by parasites
D)The specie's spread may be limited by disease
E)The limited distribution of another species upon which the initial species is dependent

Question 54

Edaphic factors in the development of vegetation refers to which of the following features?

A)pests and diseases
B)animals
C)soil
D)water availability
E)weather and climate

Question 55

Which of the following features does not characterize warm-blooded animals?

A)Use panting or sweating to reduce heat
B)Use fur or hair or feathers to reduce heat loss
C)Circulate blood to outer extremities to enable heat loss
D)Birds use feathers to reduce heat loss
E)Allow body temperatures to be governed by environmental temperatures

Question 56

Parasitism an example of which of the following processes?

A)succession
B)symbiosis
C)allelopathy
D)predation
E)herbivory

Question 57

Which of the following features characterizes succulent plants?

A)buttress roots
B)long life span
C)thick stems and leaves
D)large leaves and long stems
E)shallow roots

Question 58

The fundamental role played by an organism as well as the space it inhabits is referred to as a/an:

A)sere
B)bioclimatic frontier
C)habitat
D)niche
E)disjunction

Question 59

The use of chemicals in plants to negatively impact the growth of other plants is known as:

A)succession
B)symbiosis
C)allelopathy
D)predation
E)herbivory

Question 60

Animals that have adapted to extreme shortages of water are referred to as:

A)xeron
B)xeralfs
C)xerolls
D)xerophytes
E)xeric

Question 61

Sympatric speciation occurs where populations are geographically isolated and gene flow between the populations does not take place.

Question 62

Photosynthesis and respiration occur simultaneously in a plant so that the amount of new carbohydrate in storage is greater than the total carbohydrate being synthesized.

Question 63

In midlatitude regions,photosynthesis continues in most plants even on overcast days.

Question 64

Succession that develops on disused agricultural land or old-field succession may also be classified as:

A)equilibrium succession
B))pioneer succession
C)secondary succession
D)primary succession
E)autogenic succession

Question 65

Succession that develops an entirely new surface such as a lava flow or deposit of alluvium is referred to as:

A)equilibrium succession
B))old-field succession
C)secondary succession
D)primary succession
E)autogenic succession

Question 66

The pioneer stage of succession is characterized by shade-tolerant plants that prefer consistent temperature and soil moisture conditions.

Question 67

The chance mutations in a population without any particular beneficial effect change the genetic composition of a breeding population until it diverges from other populations is referred to as:

A)gene flow
B)genetic drift
C)allopatric speciation
D)geographic isolation
E)disjunction

Question 68

A species of animal or plant that is found in only one region or location and nowhere else in the world is referred to as:

A)cosmopolitan
B)endemic
C)phylum
D)epidemic
E)diploid

Question 69

Mammals are well adapted to desert environments,and as a result there a large number of species that inhabit arid regions.

Question 70

The Gallapagos Island's finches provide an example of the result of the process of sympatric speciation.

Question 71

In general,succession leads to formation of the most simple community organism possible.

Question 72

Food energy flowing from one organism to another within an ecosystem can be described as _________.

A)The hydrologic cycle
B)The food web
C)The carbon cycle
D)Photosynthesis
E)Ecology

Question 73

Although many different species may occupy the same habitat,only a few of these species will ever share the same ecological niche.

Question 74

The process in which plants combine water,carbon dioxide,and solar energy to form carbohydrates is called:

A)the carbon cycle
B)the ecological process
C)photosynthesis
D)respiration
E)the food web

Question 75

A form of self-producing succession resulting from the actions of the plants and animals themselves is referred to as:

A)equilibrium succession
B))old-field succession
C)secondary succession
D)primary succession
E)autogenic succession

Question 76

The highest division of higher animal life is referred to as a:

A)species
B)genus
C)phylum
D)polyploid
E)diploid

Question 77

A collection of closely related animals or plants that share a similar genetic evolutionary history but cannot necessary interbreed to produce fertile offspring is referred to as a:

A)species
B)genus
C)tetraploid
D)polyploid
E)diploid

Question 78

The dry weight of organic matter is described as _________.

A)compost
B)humus
C)food
D)loading
E)biomass

Question 79

What are the important climatic factors besides water availability and length of day that control net primary productivity?

A)Air and soil temperatures
B)Photosynthesis
C)The carbon cycle
D)Proximity to the sub tropical high pressure belt
E)Oceanic currents

Question 80

Widely distributed or cosmopolitan species include homo sapiens,bats,rats and goats.