Deck 14: Monetary Theory and Policy in an Open Economy

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Question
Which of the following explains why the demand for money depends upon the interest rate?  

A) because money is an interest-earning asset 
B) because money is NOT an interest-earning asset 
C) because the alternatives to holding money are NOT interest-earning assets 
D) because the alternatives to holding money earn more interest than money does
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Question
When does the opportunity cost of holding money increase?  

A) when the interest rate rises 
B) when the interest rate falls 
C) when nominal GDP rises 
D) when nominal GDP falls
Question
Suppose the interest rate increases.How are opportunity cost of holding money and quantity of money demanded affected?  

A) The opportunity cost of holding money increases, therefore the quantity of money demanded increases. 
B) The opportunity cost of holding money increases, therefore the quantity of money demanded decreases. 
C) The opportunity cost of holding money decreases, therefore the quantity of money demanded increases. 
D) The opportunity cost of holding money decreases, therefore the quantity of money demanded decreases.
Question
What is the advantage of money as a store of value?  

A) its purchasing power 
B) its liquidity 
C) its portability 
D) its uniformity
Question
Which of the following will cause the money demand curve to shift?  

A) a change in interest rates 
B) a change in the velocity of money 
C) a change in the money supply 
D) a change in nominal GDP
Question
Which way does the money demand curve slope?  

A) downward, because the cost of holding money decreases as the interest rate decreases 
B) downward, because the cost of holding money increases as the interest rate decreases 
C) upward, because people demand more money as GDP increases 
D) upward, because people demand more money as GDP decreases
Question
Money has several roles.Which role is the demand for money based on?  

A) primarily on money's role as a store of wealth 
B) primarily on money's role as a medium of exchange 
C) primarily on money's role as a standard of value 
D) primarily on money's role as an interest-bearing asset
Question
How does the demand for money vary with price level and real GDP?  

A) directly with the price level, and directly with the level of real GDP 
B) inversely with the price level, and directly with the level of real GDP 
C) directly with the price level, and inversely with the level of real GDP 
D) inversely with the price level, and directly with the level of real GDP
Question
What is the primary reason for people to own or hold money?  

A) because money has a guaranteed nominal return 
B) because money has a guaranteed real return 
C) because money can be used directly to buy goods and services 
D) because money functions as a unit of account
Question
How is the opportunity cost of holding money measured?  

A) by the interest rate 
B) by the liquidity lost due to holding money 
C) by the money supply curve 
D) by the inflation rate
Question
Why is demand for money relevant in a modern economy?  

A) because the primary payment for purchases is made by cash 
B) because demand deposits are included in M1+ 
C) because credit cards are included in M1+ 
D) because all accounts must eventually be settled with money
Question
What type of relationship exists between the interest rate and the quantity of money demanded?  

A) a direct relationship 
B) an inverse relationship 
C) a direct relationship when the interest rate is low, and an inverse relationship when the interest rate is high 
D) an inverse relationship when the interest rate is low, and a direct relationship when the interest rate is high
Question
Which of the following is NOT assumed to be constant along the money demand curve?  

A) price level 
B) interest rate 
C) real GDP 
D) nominal GDP
Question
What does the money demand curve describe?  

A) how the quantity of money demanded varies with nominal GDP 
B) how the quantity of money demanded varies with real GDP 
C) how the quantity of money demanded varies with the price level 
D) how the quantity of money demanded varies with the interest rate
Question
What should an individual compare when deciding how much money to hold?  

A) the disadvantage of liquidity with the advantage of earning more interest 
B) the advantage of liquidity with the disadvantage of losing interest 
C) the disadvantage of storing wealth with the advantage of having a medium of exchange 
D) the advantage of storing wealth with the advantage of having a medium of exchange
Question
If the interest rate rises, how does this affect how much money people hold?  

A) People hold less money, because its opportunity cost has increased. 
B) People hold more money, because its opportunity cost has increased. 
C) People hold less money, because its opportunity cost has declined. 
D) People hold more money, because its opportunity cost has declined.
Question
How is the money demand curve affected when price level increases?  

A) The money demand curve shifts to the right. 
B) The money demand shifts curve to the left. 
C) The money demand curve is NOT affected. 
D) The slope of the money demand curve changes.
Question
How will a decrease in the interest rate affect the quantity of money people want to hold?  

A) The quantity of money people want to hold will increase. 
B) The quantity of money people want to hold will decrease. 
C) The quantity of money people want to hold will NOT be affected. 
D) The quantity of money people want to hold will be constant.
Question
When the demand for money is shown on a graph, which variable is on the vertical axis and which variable is on the horizontal axis?  

A) Quantity of money is on the vertical axis, and interest rate is on the horizontal axis. 
B) Interest rate is on the vertical axis, and quantity of money is on the horizontal axis. 
C) Price level is on the vertical axis, and quantity of money is on the horizontal axis. 
D) Quantity of money is on the vertical axis, and price level is on the horizontal axis.
Question
What is the opportunity cost of holding money rather than some other financial asset?  

A) forgone interest income 
B) forgone utility 
C) forgone leisure 
D) forgone profit
Question
Exhibit 14-2
<strong>Exhibit 14-2   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the supply of money is given by the supply curve labelled S.Given the demand for money, what is the equilibrium interest rate and what is the quantity of money?  </strong> A) the equilibrium interest rate is r and the quantity of money is m  B) the equilibrium interest rate is r* and the quantity of money is m*  C) the equilibrium interest rate is r′ and the quantity of money is m′  D) the equilibrium interest rate is r and the quantity of money is m′ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the supply of money is given by the supply curve labelled S.Given the demand for money, what is the equilibrium interest rate and what is the quantity of money?  

A) the equilibrium interest rate is r and the quantity of money is m 
B) the equilibrium interest rate is r* and the quantity of money is m* 
C) the equilibrium interest rate is r′ and the quantity of money is m′ 
D) the equilibrium interest rate is r and the quantity of money is m′
Question
Exhibit 14-1
<strong>Exhibit 14-1   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the price level increases.What will this move cause?  </strong> A) a move from B to A  B) a move from A to B  C) a move from DM to DM'  D) a move from DM to DM* <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the price level increases.What will this move cause?  

A) a move from B to A 
B) a move from A to B 
C) a move from DM to DM' 
D) a move from DM to DM*
Question
Which of the following, other things constant, will shift the money demand curve to the right?  

A) an increase in the interest rate 
B) a decrease in the interest rate 
C) an increase in real GDP 
D) a decrease in real GDP
Question
Which of the following, other things constant, will shift the money demand curve to the left?  

A) an increase in the interest rate 
B) a decrease in the interest rate 
C) a decrease in real GDP 
D) an increase in real GDP
Question
If the demand for money increases, how will the money demand curve be affected?  

A) There will be a movement downward along the money demand curve. 
B) There will be a movement upward along the money demand curve. 
C) There will be a rightward shift of the money demand curve. 
D) There will be a leftward shift of the money demand curve.
Question
Which of the following would cause a downward movement along the money demand curve?  

A) an increase in the interest rate 
B) a decrease in the interest rate 
C) a decrease in real GDP 
D) an increase in real GDP
Question
Exhibit 14-2
<strong>Exhibit 14-2   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Which of the following CANNOT cause the supply of money to decrease from S to S*?  </strong> A) a decrease in the desired reserve ratio  B) the sale of Government of Canada Treasury securities by the Bank of Canada  C) a decrease in the bank rate  D) an increase in excess reserves in the banking system <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Which of the following CANNOT cause the supply of money to decrease from S to S*?  

A) a decrease in the desired reserve ratio 
B) the sale of Government of Canada Treasury securities by the Bank of Canada 
C) a decrease in the bank rate 
D) an increase in excess reserves in the banking system
Question
Which of the following is most likely to occur if there is a decrease in the supply of money?  

A) The demand for money will increase. 
B) Planned investment spending will increase. 
C) Interest rates will rise. 
D) The demand for money will decrease.
Question
In the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model, what will be the effects of an increase in the money supply in the short run?  

A) an increase in the price level, and an increase in real GDP 
B) a decrease in the price level, and a decrease in real GDP 
C) an increase in real GDP, and a decrease in the price level 
D) a decrease in real GDP, and an increase in the price level
Question
What does a vertical supply curve of money indicate?  

A) It indicates that the lower the interest rate, the higher the opportunity cost of holding assets in the form of money. 
B) It indicates that the quantity of money supplied is independent of the interest rate. 
C) It indicates that the larger the supply of money, the higher the interest rate, all things equal. 
D) It indicates that the quantity of money supplied depends on the interest rate.
Question
Which of the following has the most influence on the supply of money?  

A) interest rates 
B) prices 
C) the transactions demand for money 
D) the Bank of Canada
Question
Which of the following would cause a movement upward and to the left along the money demand curve?  

A) an increase in the interest rate 
B) a decrease in the interest rate 
C) a decrease in real GDP 
D) an increase in real GDP
Question
Suppose the quantity of money supplied exceeds the quantity of money demanded.Which of the following best describes how the interest rate is affected?  

A) The interest rate will rise. 
B) The interest rate will remain the same. 
C) The interest rate will fall. 
D) The interest rate will become negative.
Question
Which of the following describes how the opportunity cost of holding money affects people's desire to hold money?  

A) The opportunity cost of holding money decreases when the interest rate increases, therefore people desire to hold more money. 
B) The opportunity cost of holding money decreases when the interest rate increases, therefore people desire to hold less money. 
C) The opportunity cost of holding money increases when the interest rate increases, therefore people desire to hold more money. 
D) The opportunity cost of holding money increases when the interest rate increases, therefore people desire to hold less money.
Question
Exhibit 14-1
<strong>Exhibit 14-1   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose there is an increase in level of GDP.What will this increase cause?  </strong> A) a move from B to A  B) a move from A to B  C) a move from DM to DM'  D) a move from DM to DM* <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose there is an increase in level of GDP.What will this increase cause?  

A) a move from B to A 
B) a move from A to B 
C) a move from DM to DM' 
D) a move from DM to DM*
Question
How is the equilibrium interest rate determined?  

A) by the price of money 
B) by the demand for money alone 
C) by the supply of money alone 
D) by the supply of money and by the demand for money
Question
If the price level rises, all things equal, how will the demand for money be affected?  

A) Demand for money will increase. 
B) Demand for money will decrease. 
C) Quantity of money demanded will increase. 
D) Quantity of money demanded will decrease.
Question
How will an increase in the money supply affect money markets?  

A) An increase in the money supply will increase the demand for money at each interest rate. 
B) An increase in the money supply will decrease the demand for money at each interest rate. 
C) An increase in the money supply will lead people to try to exchange money for interest-bearing assets. 
D) An increase in the money supply will lead people to try to exchange interest-bearing assets for money.
Question
Exhibit 14-1
<strong>Exhibit 14-1   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the interest rate increases.What will this move cause?  </strong> A) a move from B to A  B) a move from A to B  C) a move from DM to DM'  D) a move from DM to DM* <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the interest rate increases.What will this move cause?  

A) a move from B to A 
B) a move from A to B 
C) a move from DM to DM' 
D) a move from DM to DM*
Question
In which of the following situations would people want to hold more money?  

A) when the price level increases and the interest rate increases 
B) when the price level decreases and the interest rate decreases 
C) when the price level increases and the interest rate decreases 
D) when the price level decreases and the interest rate increases
Question
Suppose the Bank of Canada wants to stimulate the economy.Which of the following strategies might the Bank use?  

A) buy bonds to lower the money supply 
B) sell bonds to lower the money supply 
C) raise the bank rate to increase the money supply 
D) lower the bank rate to increase the money supply
Question
When the demand curve for investment is shown on a graph, which variable is on the vertical axis and which variable is on the horizontal axis?  

A) The interest rate is on the vertical axis, and investment is on the horizontal axis. 
B) Investment is on the vertical axis, and the interest rate is on the horizontal axis. 
C) The price level is on the vertical axis, and investment is on the horizontal axis. 
D) Investment is on the vertical axis, and the price level is on the horizontal axis.
Question
As the interest rate decreases, what is the effect on the demand for investment curve?  

A) The demand for investment curve shifts to the right. 
B) The demand for investment curve shifts to the left. 
C) There is a downward movement along the demand for investment curve. 
D) There is an upward movement along the demand for investment curve.
Question
What is the effect of an expansionary monetary policy on the demand for investment curve?  

A) The curve will shift to the left. 
B) The curve will shift to the right. 
C) There will be a downward movement along the curve. 
D) There will be an upward movement along the curve.
Question
If the Bank of Canada buys bonds, what are the effects on money supply, interest rates, and the quantity of money demanded?  

A) The money supply increases, the interest rate falls, and the quantity of money demanded increases. 
B) The money supply falls, the interest rate falls, and the quantity of money demanded increases. 
C) The money supply increases, the interest rate increases, and the quantity of money demanded increases. 
D) The money supply falls, the interest rate increases, and the quantity of money demanded falls.
Question
What effect will an increase in the interest rate have on investment?  

A) An increase in the interest rate will lead to an increase in investment, because holding stocks and bonds will be more profitable. 
B) An increase in the interest rate will lead to an increase in investment, because people will be less willing to hold money. 
C) An increase in the interest rate will lead to a decrease investment only if firms have to borrow money to make investments. 
D) An increase in the interest rate will lead to a decrease investment regardless of whether firms have to borrow money to make an investment.
Question
Suppose the Bank of Canada sells government securities to banks.Which of the following best describes how planned investment will be affected?  

A) Planned investment will increase. 
B) Planned investment will decrease. 
C) Planned investment will remain the same. 
D) Planned investment will first increase, and then decrease.
Question
Which of the following will cause planned investment expenditures to eventually increase?  

A) a decrease in money supply 
B) an increase in demand for money 
C) a fall in interest rate 
D) managers who are pessimistic about the future
Question
Suppose the money supply decreases.How is GDP affected?  

A) GDP increases because the resulting increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in investment. 
B) GDP increases because the resulting decrease in the interest rate leads to an increase in investment. 
C) GDP decreases because the resulting increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in investment. 
D) GDP decreases because the resulting decrease in the interest rate leads to an increase in investment.
Question
Suppose the Bank of Canada increases the money supply.How will the interest rate and the quantity of money demanded be affected?  

A) The interest rate will decline, and the quantity of money demanded will increase. 
B) The interest rate will decline, and the quantity of money demanded will decline. 
C) The interest rate will increase, and the quantity of money demanded will increase. 
D) The interest rate will increase, and the quantity of money demanded will decline.
Question
In the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model, what will be the effects of a decrease in the money supply in the short run?  

A) an increase in the price level, and an increase in real GDP 
B) a decrease in the price level, and a decrease in real GDP 
C) an increase in real GDP, and a decrease in the price level 
D) a decrease in real GDP, and an increase in the price level
Question
Suppose money supply decreases, causing the interest rate to rise.What is the effect on GDP?  

A) GDP decreases by more than the increase in the interest rate because of the multiplier. 
B) GDP decreases by the same amount as the decrease in investment. 
C) GDP decreases by more than the decrease in investment because of the multiplier. 
D) GDP decreases by less than the decrease in investment because of the multiplier.
Question
What does an increase in the money supply lead to?  

A) a decline in interest rates, an increase in investment, and an increase in aggregate demand 
B) a decline in interest rates, a decrease in investment, and an increase in aggregate demand 
C) a decline in interest rates, an increase in investment, and a decline in aggregate demand 
D) an increase in interest rates, an increase in investment, and an increase in aggregate demand
Question
Suppose investment is NOT sensitive to changes in the interest rate.How will changes in the money supply affect aggregate demand?  

A) Aggregate demand will increase. 
B) Aggregate demand will decrease. 
C) Aggregate demand will remain the same. 
D) Aggregate demand will become negative.
Question
Suppose the Bank of Canada sells Canadian government securities in order to drain reserves from banks.Which of the following will probably occur?  

A) The interest rate will fall, and the quantity of money demanded will increase. 
B) The interest rate will rise, and the quantity of money demanded will fall. 
C) The money supply will decrease, and the interest rate will fall. 
D) The money supply will increase, and the interest rate will fall.
Question
Suppose the Bank of Canada sells government securities to banks.Consequently, which of the following is likely to eventually increase?  

A) the price level 
B) planned investment expenditures 
C) aggregate demand 
D) interest rates
Question
After the money supply decreases, which of the following would most likely decrease as well?  

A) planned investment, because interest rates increase 
B) planned investment, because interest rates decrease 
C) government spending, because interest rates increase 
D) government spending, because interest rates decrease
Question
As the interest rate increases, what is the effect on the demand for investment curve?  

A) The demand for investment curve shifts to the right. 
B) The demand for investment curve shifts to the left. 
C) There is a movement downward along the demand for investment curve. 
D) There is a movement upward along the demand for investment curve.
Question
Suppose the money supply increases.How is GDP affected?  

A) GDP increases because the resulting increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in investment. 
B) GDP increases because the resulting decrease in the interest rate leads to an increase in investment. 
C) GDP decreases because the resulting increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in investment. 
D) GDP decreases because the resulting decrease in the interest rate leads to an increase in investment.
Question
What happens to aggregate expenditure and demand as a result of expansionary monetary policy?  

A) Aggregate expenditure increases, and aggregate demand increases. 
B) Aggregate expenditure decreases, and aggregate demand decreases. 
C) Aggregate expenditure increases, and aggregate demand decreases. 
D) Aggregate expenditure decreases, and aggregate demand increases.
Question
Suppose the short-run aggregate supply curve is positively sloped and the money supply increases.What is the effect on aggregate demand?  

A) Aggregate demand increases, which increases real GDP and increases the price level. 
B) Aggregate demand increases, which decreases real GDP and decreases the price level. 
C) Aggregate demand falls, which increases real GDP and increases the price level. 
D) Aggregate demand falls, which decreases real GDP and increases the price level.
Question
Which of the following is an example of a contractionary monetary policy?  

A) Transfer payments to poor families are reduced. 
B) The Bank of Canada buys government securities in the open market. 
C) The bank rate is raised. 
D) Government spending is reduced.
Question
Exhibit 14-3
<strong>Exhibit 14-3   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.In this situation, how could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  </strong> A) by increasing taxes  B) by decreasing taxes  C) by decreasing the money supply  D) by increasing the money supply <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.In this situation, how could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  

A) by increasing taxes 
B) by decreasing taxes 
C) by decreasing the money supply 
D) by increasing the money supply
Question
How will a monetary injection by the Bank of Canada affect interest rates and aggregate demand?  

A) Interest rates will increase, and aggregate demand will decrease. 
B) Interest rates will increase, and aggregate demand will increase. 
C) Interest rates will decrease, and aggregate demand will decrease. 
D) Interest rates will decrease, and aggregate demand will increase.
Question
Exhibit 14-3
<strong>Exhibit 14-3   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.How could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  </strong> A) by decreasing government spending  B) by decreasing taxes  C) by selling Canadian government bonds to banks  D) by lowering the bank rate <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.How could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  

A) by decreasing government spending 
B) by decreasing taxes 
C) by selling Canadian government bonds to banks 
D) by lowering the bank rate
Question
Which of the following is an example of an expansionary monetary policy?  

A) Government purchases of goods and services decline. 
B) Government purchases of goods and services increase. 
C) The bank rate is lowered. 
D) The bank rate is increased.
Question
How does a reduction in money supply affect the aggregate demand curve?  

A) The curve shifts leftward, lowering real GDP and the price level. 
B) The curve shifts leftward, raising real GDP and the price level. 
C) The curve shifts rightward, lowering real GDP but raising the price level. 
D) The curve shifts rightward, raising real GDP and the price level.
Question
Which monetary policy would be appropriate for closing a recessionary gap?  

A) a tax cut 
B) a decrease in government purchases 
C) the sale of Canadian government securities by the Bank of Canada 
D) the purchase of government securities by the Bank of Canada
Question
In order for monetary policy to be effective in changing planned investment spending, what must investment be sensitive to?  

A) interest rates 
B) gross domestic product 
C) consumption 
D) the spending multiplier
Question
Which of the following actions might the Bank of Canada take in order to close a recessionary gap?  

A) increase government spending 
B) decrease taxes 
C) sell Canadian government bonds to banks 
D) lower the bank rate
Question
What would be the ultimate effect of a reduction in the money supply?  

A) a leftward shift of the aggregate demand curve 
B) a rightward shift of the short-run aggregate supply curve 
C) a movement upward along the aggregate demand curve 
D) a movement downward along the aggregate demand curve
Question
Exhibit 14-4
<strong>Exhibit 14-4   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.What can the Bank of Canada do to return the economy to its potential output?  </strong> A) sell Government of Canada Treasury securities in the open market  B) lower the bank rate  C) buy Government of Canada Treasury securities in the open market  D) print money <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.What can the Bank of Canada do to return the economy to its potential output?
 

A) sell Government of Canada Treasury securities in the open market 
B) lower the bank rate 
C) buy Government of Canada Treasury securities in the open market 
D) print money
Question
Which of the following will allow monetary policy to be most effective in changing aggregate demand?  

A) Interest rates need to be responsive to changes in the money supply, and investment needs to be sensitive to changes in interest rates. 
B) Interest rates need to be responsive to changes in the money supply, but investment does NOT need to be sensitive to changes in interest rates. 
C) Interest rates do NOT need to be responsive to changes in the money supply, but investment does need to be sensitive to changes in interest rates. 
D) Interest rates do NOT need to be responsive to changes in the money supply, and investment does NOT need to be sensitive to changes in interest rates.
Question
Suppose the short-run aggregate supply curve is steep.For a given increase in aggregate demand, how much will real GDP and price level increase?  

A) The increase in real GDP will be relatively small, and the increase in the price level will be relatively large. 
B) The increase in real GDP will be relatively large, and the increase in the price level will be relatively small. 
C) The increase in real GDP will be large, and the increase in price level will be large. 
D) The increase in real GDP will be small, and the increase in price level will be small.
Question
Exhibit 14-3
<strong>Exhibit 14-3   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.How could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  </strong> A) by decreasing government spending  B) by decreasing excess reserves in the banking system  C) by selling Canadian government bonds to banks  D) by increasing the bank rate <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.How could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  

A) by decreasing government spending 
B) by decreasing excess reserves in the banking system 
C) by selling Canadian government bonds to banks 
D) by increasing the bank rate
Question
Suppose the Bank of Canada decreases the money supply.What would be expected to happen to the aggregate demand curve and the aggregate supply curve?  

A) Aggregate demand would increase, which would lead to movement along the short-run aggregate supply curve. 
B) Aggregate demand would decrease, which would lead to movement along the short-run aggregate supply curve. 
C) Aggregate supply would increase, which would lead to movement along the aggregate demand curve. 
D) Aggregate supply would decrease, which would lead to movement along the aggregate demand curve.
Question
Suppose a shift in the aggregate demand curve causes prices to increase a lot and real output to increase by a little.What does this suggest about the shape of short-run aggregate supply curve?  

A) It is horizontal. 
B) It is very steep. 
C) It is vertical. 
D) It is downward sloping.
Question
How will a decrease in the money supply affect interest rates and aggregate demand in the short term?  

A) Interest rates will increase, and aggregate demand will shift to the right. 
B) Interest rates will increase, and aggregate demand will shift to the left. 
C) Interest rates will decrease, and aggregate demand will shift to the right. 
D) Interest rates will decrease, and aggregate demand will shift to the left.
Question
Exhibit 14-4
<strong>Exhibit 14-4   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.At what point does short-run equilibrium occur?  </strong> A) at point a  B) at point b  C) at point c, where the actual price level exceeds the expected price level  D) at the origin point c, where the actual price level is less than the expected price level <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.At what point does short-run equilibrium occur?  

A) at point a 
B) at point b 
C) at point c, where the actual price level exceeds the expected price level 
D) at the origin point c, where the actual price level is less than the expected price level
Question
Suppose the government wants to eliminate a recessionary gap.Which of the following strategies should the Bank of Canada implement?  

A) The Bank of Canada should increase the money supply and increase the interest rate. 
B) The Bank of Canada should increase the money supply and decrease the interest rate. 
C) The Bank of Canada should decrease the money supply and increase the interest rate. 
D) The Bank of Canada should decrease the money supply and decrease the interest rate.
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Deck 14: Monetary Theory and Policy in an Open Economy
1
Which of the following explains why the demand for money depends upon the interest rate?  

A) because money is an interest-earning asset 
B) because money is NOT an interest-earning asset 
C) because the alternatives to holding money are NOT interest-earning assets 
D) because the alternatives to holding money earn more interest than money does
 because the alternatives to holding money earn more interest than money does
2
When does the opportunity cost of holding money increase?  

A) when the interest rate rises 
B) when the interest rate falls 
C) when nominal GDP rises 
D) when nominal GDP falls
 when the interest rate rises 
3
Suppose the interest rate increases.How are opportunity cost of holding money and quantity of money demanded affected?  

A) The opportunity cost of holding money increases, therefore the quantity of money demanded increases. 
B) The opportunity cost of holding money increases, therefore the quantity of money demanded decreases. 
C) The opportunity cost of holding money decreases, therefore the quantity of money demanded increases. 
D) The opportunity cost of holding money decreases, therefore the quantity of money demanded decreases.
 The opportunity cost of holding money increases, therefore the quantity of money demanded decreases. 
4
What is the advantage of money as a store of value?  

A) its purchasing power 
B) its liquidity 
C) its portability 
D) its uniformity
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5
Which of the following will cause the money demand curve to shift?  

A) a change in interest rates 
B) a change in the velocity of money 
C) a change in the money supply 
D) a change in nominal GDP
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6
Which way does the money demand curve slope?  

A) downward, because the cost of holding money decreases as the interest rate decreases 
B) downward, because the cost of holding money increases as the interest rate decreases 
C) upward, because people demand more money as GDP increases 
D) upward, because people demand more money as GDP decreases
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7
Money has several roles.Which role is the demand for money based on?  

A) primarily on money's role as a store of wealth 
B) primarily on money's role as a medium of exchange 
C) primarily on money's role as a standard of value 
D) primarily on money's role as an interest-bearing asset
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8
How does the demand for money vary with price level and real GDP?  

A) directly with the price level, and directly with the level of real GDP 
B) inversely with the price level, and directly with the level of real GDP 
C) directly with the price level, and inversely with the level of real GDP 
D) inversely with the price level, and directly with the level of real GDP
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9
What is the primary reason for people to own or hold money?  

A) because money has a guaranteed nominal return 
B) because money has a guaranteed real return 
C) because money can be used directly to buy goods and services 
D) because money functions as a unit of account
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10
How is the opportunity cost of holding money measured?  

A) by the interest rate 
B) by the liquidity lost due to holding money 
C) by the money supply curve 
D) by the inflation rate
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11
Why is demand for money relevant in a modern economy?  

A) because the primary payment for purchases is made by cash 
B) because demand deposits are included in M1+ 
C) because credit cards are included in M1+ 
D) because all accounts must eventually be settled with money
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12
What type of relationship exists between the interest rate and the quantity of money demanded?  

A) a direct relationship 
B) an inverse relationship 
C) a direct relationship when the interest rate is low, and an inverse relationship when the interest rate is high 
D) an inverse relationship when the interest rate is low, and a direct relationship when the interest rate is high
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13
Which of the following is NOT assumed to be constant along the money demand curve?  

A) price level 
B) interest rate 
C) real GDP 
D) nominal GDP
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14
What does the money demand curve describe?  

A) how the quantity of money demanded varies with nominal GDP 
B) how the quantity of money demanded varies with real GDP 
C) how the quantity of money demanded varies with the price level 
D) how the quantity of money demanded varies with the interest rate
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15
What should an individual compare when deciding how much money to hold?  

A) the disadvantage of liquidity with the advantage of earning more interest 
B) the advantage of liquidity with the disadvantage of losing interest 
C) the disadvantage of storing wealth with the advantage of having a medium of exchange 
D) the advantage of storing wealth with the advantage of having a medium of exchange
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16
If the interest rate rises, how does this affect how much money people hold?  

A) People hold less money, because its opportunity cost has increased. 
B) People hold more money, because its opportunity cost has increased. 
C) People hold less money, because its opportunity cost has declined. 
D) People hold more money, because its opportunity cost has declined.
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17
How is the money demand curve affected when price level increases?  

A) The money demand curve shifts to the right. 
B) The money demand shifts curve to the left. 
C) The money demand curve is NOT affected. 
D) The slope of the money demand curve changes.
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18
How will a decrease in the interest rate affect the quantity of money people want to hold?  

A) The quantity of money people want to hold will increase. 
B) The quantity of money people want to hold will decrease. 
C) The quantity of money people want to hold will NOT be affected. 
D) The quantity of money people want to hold will be constant.
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19
When the demand for money is shown on a graph, which variable is on the vertical axis and which variable is on the horizontal axis?  

A) Quantity of money is on the vertical axis, and interest rate is on the horizontal axis. 
B) Interest rate is on the vertical axis, and quantity of money is on the horizontal axis. 
C) Price level is on the vertical axis, and quantity of money is on the horizontal axis. 
D) Quantity of money is on the vertical axis, and price level is on the horizontal axis.
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20
What is the opportunity cost of holding money rather than some other financial asset?  

A) forgone interest income 
B) forgone utility 
C) forgone leisure 
D) forgone profit
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21
Exhibit 14-2
<strong>Exhibit 14-2   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the supply of money is given by the supply curve labelled S.Given the demand for money, what is the equilibrium interest rate and what is the quantity of money?  </strong> A) the equilibrium interest rate is r and the quantity of money is m  B) the equilibrium interest rate is r* and the quantity of money is m*  C) the equilibrium interest rate is r′ and the quantity of money is m′  D) the equilibrium interest rate is r and the quantity of money is m′
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the supply of money is given by the supply curve labelled S.Given the demand for money, what is the equilibrium interest rate and what is the quantity of money?  

A) the equilibrium interest rate is r and the quantity of money is m 
B) the equilibrium interest rate is r* and the quantity of money is m* 
C) the equilibrium interest rate is r′ and the quantity of money is m′ 
D) the equilibrium interest rate is r and the quantity of money is m′
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22
Exhibit 14-1
<strong>Exhibit 14-1   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the price level increases.What will this move cause?  </strong> A) a move from B to A  B) a move from A to B  C) a move from DM to DM'  D) a move from DM to DM*
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the price level increases.What will this move cause?  

A) a move from B to A 
B) a move from A to B 
C) a move from DM to DM' 
D) a move from DM to DM*
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23
Which of the following, other things constant, will shift the money demand curve to the right?  

A) an increase in the interest rate 
B) a decrease in the interest rate 
C) an increase in real GDP 
D) a decrease in real GDP
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24
Which of the following, other things constant, will shift the money demand curve to the left?  

A) an increase in the interest rate 
B) a decrease in the interest rate 
C) a decrease in real GDP 
D) an increase in real GDP
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25
If the demand for money increases, how will the money demand curve be affected?  

A) There will be a movement downward along the money demand curve. 
B) There will be a movement upward along the money demand curve. 
C) There will be a rightward shift of the money demand curve. 
D) There will be a leftward shift of the money demand curve.
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26
Which of the following would cause a downward movement along the money demand curve?  

A) an increase in the interest rate 
B) a decrease in the interest rate 
C) a decrease in real GDP 
D) an increase in real GDP
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27
Exhibit 14-2
<strong>Exhibit 14-2   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Which of the following CANNOT cause the supply of money to decrease from S to S*?  </strong> A) a decrease in the desired reserve ratio  B) the sale of Government of Canada Treasury securities by the Bank of Canada  C) a decrease in the bank rate  D) an increase in excess reserves in the banking system
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Which of the following CANNOT cause the supply of money to decrease from S to S*?  

A) a decrease in the desired reserve ratio 
B) the sale of Government of Canada Treasury securities by the Bank of Canada 
C) a decrease in the bank rate 
D) an increase in excess reserves in the banking system
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28
Which of the following is most likely to occur if there is a decrease in the supply of money?  

A) The demand for money will increase. 
B) Planned investment spending will increase. 
C) Interest rates will rise. 
D) The demand for money will decrease.
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29
In the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model, what will be the effects of an increase in the money supply in the short run?  

A) an increase in the price level, and an increase in real GDP 
B) a decrease in the price level, and a decrease in real GDP 
C) an increase in real GDP, and a decrease in the price level 
D) a decrease in real GDP, and an increase in the price level
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30
What does a vertical supply curve of money indicate?  

A) It indicates that the lower the interest rate, the higher the opportunity cost of holding assets in the form of money. 
B) It indicates that the quantity of money supplied is independent of the interest rate. 
C) It indicates that the larger the supply of money, the higher the interest rate, all things equal. 
D) It indicates that the quantity of money supplied depends on the interest rate.
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31
Which of the following has the most influence on the supply of money?  

A) interest rates 
B) prices 
C) the transactions demand for money 
D) the Bank of Canada
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32
Which of the following would cause a movement upward and to the left along the money demand curve?  

A) an increase in the interest rate 
B) a decrease in the interest rate 
C) a decrease in real GDP 
D) an increase in real GDP
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33
Suppose the quantity of money supplied exceeds the quantity of money demanded.Which of the following best describes how the interest rate is affected?  

A) The interest rate will rise. 
B) The interest rate will remain the same. 
C) The interest rate will fall. 
D) The interest rate will become negative.
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34
Which of the following describes how the opportunity cost of holding money affects people's desire to hold money?  

A) The opportunity cost of holding money decreases when the interest rate increases, therefore people desire to hold more money. 
B) The opportunity cost of holding money decreases when the interest rate increases, therefore people desire to hold less money. 
C) The opportunity cost of holding money increases when the interest rate increases, therefore people desire to hold more money. 
D) The opportunity cost of holding money increases when the interest rate increases, therefore people desire to hold less money.
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35
Exhibit 14-1
<strong>Exhibit 14-1   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose there is an increase in level of GDP.What will this increase cause?  </strong> A) a move from B to A  B) a move from A to B  C) a move from DM to DM'  D) a move from DM to DM*
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose there is an increase in level of GDP.What will this increase cause?  

A) a move from B to A 
B) a move from A to B 
C) a move from DM to DM' 
D) a move from DM to DM*
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36
How is the equilibrium interest rate determined?  

A) by the price of money 
B) by the demand for money alone 
C) by the supply of money alone 
D) by the supply of money and by the demand for money
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37
If the price level rises, all things equal, how will the demand for money be affected?  

A) Demand for money will increase. 
B) Demand for money will decrease. 
C) Quantity of money demanded will increase. 
D) Quantity of money demanded will decrease.
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38
How will an increase in the money supply affect money markets?  

A) An increase in the money supply will increase the demand for money at each interest rate. 
B) An increase in the money supply will decrease the demand for money at each interest rate. 
C) An increase in the money supply will lead people to try to exchange money for interest-bearing assets. 
D) An increase in the money supply will lead people to try to exchange interest-bearing assets for money.
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39
Exhibit 14-1
<strong>Exhibit 14-1   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the interest rate increases.What will this move cause?  </strong> A) a move from B to A  B) a move from A to B  C) a move from DM to DM'  D) a move from DM to DM*
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.Suppose the interest rate increases.What will this move cause?  

A) a move from B to A 
B) a move from A to B 
C) a move from DM to DM' 
D) a move from DM to DM*
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40
In which of the following situations would people want to hold more money?  

A) when the price level increases and the interest rate increases 
B) when the price level decreases and the interest rate decreases 
C) when the price level increases and the interest rate decreases 
D) when the price level decreases and the interest rate increases
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41
Suppose the Bank of Canada wants to stimulate the economy.Which of the following strategies might the Bank use?  

A) buy bonds to lower the money supply 
B) sell bonds to lower the money supply 
C) raise the bank rate to increase the money supply 
D) lower the bank rate to increase the money supply
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42
When the demand curve for investment is shown on a graph, which variable is on the vertical axis and which variable is on the horizontal axis?  

A) The interest rate is on the vertical axis, and investment is on the horizontal axis. 
B) Investment is on the vertical axis, and the interest rate is on the horizontal axis. 
C) The price level is on the vertical axis, and investment is on the horizontal axis. 
D) Investment is on the vertical axis, and the price level is on the horizontal axis.
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43
As the interest rate decreases, what is the effect on the demand for investment curve?  

A) The demand for investment curve shifts to the right. 
B) The demand for investment curve shifts to the left. 
C) There is a downward movement along the demand for investment curve. 
D) There is an upward movement along the demand for investment curve.
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44
What is the effect of an expansionary monetary policy on the demand for investment curve?  

A) The curve will shift to the left. 
B) The curve will shift to the right. 
C) There will be a downward movement along the curve. 
D) There will be an upward movement along the curve.
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45
If the Bank of Canada buys bonds, what are the effects on money supply, interest rates, and the quantity of money demanded?  

A) The money supply increases, the interest rate falls, and the quantity of money demanded increases. 
B) The money supply falls, the interest rate falls, and the quantity of money demanded increases. 
C) The money supply increases, the interest rate increases, and the quantity of money demanded increases. 
D) The money supply falls, the interest rate increases, and the quantity of money demanded falls.
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46
What effect will an increase in the interest rate have on investment?  

A) An increase in the interest rate will lead to an increase in investment, because holding stocks and bonds will be more profitable. 
B) An increase in the interest rate will lead to an increase in investment, because people will be less willing to hold money. 
C) An increase in the interest rate will lead to a decrease investment only if firms have to borrow money to make investments. 
D) An increase in the interest rate will lead to a decrease investment regardless of whether firms have to borrow money to make an investment.
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47
Suppose the Bank of Canada sells government securities to banks.Which of the following best describes how planned investment will be affected?  

A) Planned investment will increase. 
B) Planned investment will decrease. 
C) Planned investment will remain the same. 
D) Planned investment will first increase, and then decrease.
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48
Which of the following will cause planned investment expenditures to eventually increase?  

A) a decrease in money supply 
B) an increase in demand for money 
C) a fall in interest rate 
D) managers who are pessimistic about the future
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49
Suppose the money supply decreases.How is GDP affected?  

A) GDP increases because the resulting increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in investment. 
B) GDP increases because the resulting decrease in the interest rate leads to an increase in investment. 
C) GDP decreases because the resulting increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in investment. 
D) GDP decreases because the resulting decrease in the interest rate leads to an increase in investment.
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50
Suppose the Bank of Canada increases the money supply.How will the interest rate and the quantity of money demanded be affected?  

A) The interest rate will decline, and the quantity of money demanded will increase. 
B) The interest rate will decline, and the quantity of money demanded will decline. 
C) The interest rate will increase, and the quantity of money demanded will increase. 
D) The interest rate will increase, and the quantity of money demanded will decline.
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51
In the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model, what will be the effects of a decrease in the money supply in the short run?  

A) an increase in the price level, and an increase in real GDP 
B) a decrease in the price level, and a decrease in real GDP 
C) an increase in real GDP, and a decrease in the price level 
D) a decrease in real GDP, and an increase in the price level
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52
Suppose money supply decreases, causing the interest rate to rise.What is the effect on GDP?  

A) GDP decreases by more than the increase in the interest rate because of the multiplier. 
B) GDP decreases by the same amount as the decrease in investment. 
C) GDP decreases by more than the decrease in investment because of the multiplier. 
D) GDP decreases by less than the decrease in investment because of the multiplier.
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53
What does an increase in the money supply lead to?  

A) a decline in interest rates, an increase in investment, and an increase in aggregate demand 
B) a decline in interest rates, a decrease in investment, and an increase in aggregate demand 
C) a decline in interest rates, an increase in investment, and a decline in aggregate demand 
D) an increase in interest rates, an increase in investment, and an increase in aggregate demand
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54
Suppose investment is NOT sensitive to changes in the interest rate.How will changes in the money supply affect aggregate demand?  

A) Aggregate demand will increase. 
B) Aggregate demand will decrease. 
C) Aggregate demand will remain the same. 
D) Aggregate demand will become negative.
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55
Suppose the Bank of Canada sells Canadian government securities in order to drain reserves from banks.Which of the following will probably occur?  

A) The interest rate will fall, and the quantity of money demanded will increase. 
B) The interest rate will rise, and the quantity of money demanded will fall. 
C) The money supply will decrease, and the interest rate will fall. 
D) The money supply will increase, and the interest rate will fall.
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56
Suppose the Bank of Canada sells government securities to banks.Consequently, which of the following is likely to eventually increase?  

A) the price level 
B) planned investment expenditures 
C) aggregate demand 
D) interest rates
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57
After the money supply decreases, which of the following would most likely decrease as well?  

A) planned investment, because interest rates increase 
B) planned investment, because interest rates decrease 
C) government spending, because interest rates increase 
D) government spending, because interest rates decrease
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58
As the interest rate increases, what is the effect on the demand for investment curve?  

A) The demand for investment curve shifts to the right. 
B) The demand for investment curve shifts to the left. 
C) There is a movement downward along the demand for investment curve. 
D) There is a movement upward along the demand for investment curve.
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59
Suppose the money supply increases.How is GDP affected?  

A) GDP increases because the resulting increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in investment. 
B) GDP increases because the resulting decrease in the interest rate leads to an increase in investment. 
C) GDP decreases because the resulting increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in investment. 
D) GDP decreases because the resulting decrease in the interest rate leads to an increase in investment.
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60
What happens to aggregate expenditure and demand as a result of expansionary monetary policy?  

A) Aggregate expenditure increases, and aggregate demand increases. 
B) Aggregate expenditure decreases, and aggregate demand decreases. 
C) Aggregate expenditure increases, and aggregate demand decreases. 
D) Aggregate expenditure decreases, and aggregate demand increases.
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61
Suppose the short-run aggregate supply curve is positively sloped and the money supply increases.What is the effect on aggregate demand?  

A) Aggregate demand increases, which increases real GDP and increases the price level. 
B) Aggregate demand increases, which decreases real GDP and decreases the price level. 
C) Aggregate demand falls, which increases real GDP and increases the price level. 
D) Aggregate demand falls, which decreases real GDP and increases the price level.
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62
Which of the following is an example of a contractionary monetary policy?  

A) Transfer payments to poor families are reduced. 
B) The Bank of Canada buys government securities in the open market. 
C) The bank rate is raised. 
D) Government spending is reduced.
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63
Exhibit 14-3
<strong>Exhibit 14-3   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.In this situation, how could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  </strong> A) by increasing taxes  B) by decreasing taxes  C) by decreasing the money supply  D) by increasing the money supply
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.In this situation, how could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  

A) by increasing taxes 
B) by decreasing taxes 
C) by decreasing the money supply 
D) by increasing the money supply
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64
How will a monetary injection by the Bank of Canada affect interest rates and aggregate demand?  

A) Interest rates will increase, and aggregate demand will decrease. 
B) Interest rates will increase, and aggregate demand will increase. 
C) Interest rates will decrease, and aggregate demand will decrease. 
D) Interest rates will decrease, and aggregate demand will increase.
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65
Exhibit 14-3
<strong>Exhibit 14-3   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.How could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  </strong> A) by decreasing government spending  B) by decreasing taxes  C) by selling Canadian government bonds to banks  D) by lowering the bank rate
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.How could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  

A) by decreasing government spending 
B) by decreasing taxes 
C) by selling Canadian government bonds to banks 
D) by lowering the bank rate
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66
Which of the following is an example of an expansionary monetary policy?  

A) Government purchases of goods and services decline. 
B) Government purchases of goods and services increase. 
C) The bank rate is lowered. 
D) The bank rate is increased.
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67
How does a reduction in money supply affect the aggregate demand curve?  

A) The curve shifts leftward, lowering real GDP and the price level. 
B) The curve shifts leftward, raising real GDP and the price level. 
C) The curve shifts rightward, lowering real GDP but raising the price level. 
D) The curve shifts rightward, raising real GDP and the price level.
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68
Which monetary policy would be appropriate for closing a recessionary gap?  

A) a tax cut 
B) a decrease in government purchases 
C) the sale of Canadian government securities by the Bank of Canada 
D) the purchase of government securities by the Bank of Canada
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69
In order for monetary policy to be effective in changing planned investment spending, what must investment be sensitive to?  

A) interest rates 
B) gross domestic product 
C) consumption 
D) the spending multiplier
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70
Which of the following actions might the Bank of Canada take in order to close a recessionary gap?  

A) increase government spending 
B) decrease taxes 
C) sell Canadian government bonds to banks 
D) lower the bank rate
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71
What would be the ultimate effect of a reduction in the money supply?  

A) a leftward shift of the aggregate demand curve 
B) a rightward shift of the short-run aggregate supply curve 
C) a movement upward along the aggregate demand curve 
D) a movement downward along the aggregate demand curve
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72
Exhibit 14-4
<strong>Exhibit 14-4   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.What can the Bank of Canada do to return the economy to its potential output?  </strong> A) sell Government of Canada Treasury securities in the open market  B) lower the bank rate  C) buy Government of Canada Treasury securities in the open market  D) print money
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.What can the Bank of Canada do to return the economy to its potential output?
 

A) sell Government of Canada Treasury securities in the open market 
B) lower the bank rate 
C) buy Government of Canada Treasury securities in the open market 
D) print money
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73
Which of the following will allow monetary policy to be most effective in changing aggregate demand?  

A) Interest rates need to be responsive to changes in the money supply, and investment needs to be sensitive to changes in interest rates. 
B) Interest rates need to be responsive to changes in the money supply, but investment does NOT need to be sensitive to changes in interest rates. 
C) Interest rates do NOT need to be responsive to changes in the money supply, but investment does need to be sensitive to changes in interest rates. 
D) Interest rates do NOT need to be responsive to changes in the money supply, and investment does NOT need to be sensitive to changes in interest rates.
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74
Suppose the short-run aggregate supply curve is steep.For a given increase in aggregate demand, how much will real GDP and price level increase?  

A) The increase in real GDP will be relatively small, and the increase in the price level will be relatively large. 
B) The increase in real GDP will be relatively large, and the increase in the price level will be relatively small. 
C) The increase in real GDP will be large, and the increase in price level will be large. 
D) The increase in real GDP will be small, and the increase in price level will be small.
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75
Exhibit 14-3
<strong>Exhibit 14-3   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.How could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  </strong> A) by decreasing government spending  B) by decreasing excess reserves in the banking system  C) by selling Canadian government bonds to banks  D) by increasing the bank rate
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.How could the Bank of Canada return the economy to potential output?  

A) by decreasing government spending 
B) by decreasing excess reserves in the banking system 
C) by selling Canadian government bonds to banks 
D) by increasing the bank rate
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76
Suppose the Bank of Canada decreases the money supply.What would be expected to happen to the aggregate demand curve and the aggregate supply curve?  

A) Aggregate demand would increase, which would lead to movement along the short-run aggregate supply curve. 
B) Aggregate demand would decrease, which would lead to movement along the short-run aggregate supply curve. 
C) Aggregate supply would increase, which would lead to movement along the aggregate demand curve. 
D) Aggregate supply would decrease, which would lead to movement along the aggregate demand curve.
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77
Suppose a shift in the aggregate demand curve causes prices to increase a lot and real output to increase by a little.What does this suggest about the shape of short-run aggregate supply curve?  

A) It is horizontal. 
B) It is very steep. 
C) It is vertical. 
D) It is downward sloping.
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78
How will a decrease in the money supply affect interest rates and aggregate demand in the short term?  

A) Interest rates will increase, and aggregate demand will shift to the right. 
B) Interest rates will increase, and aggregate demand will shift to the left. 
C) Interest rates will decrease, and aggregate demand will shift to the right. 
D) Interest rates will decrease, and aggregate demand will shift to the left.
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79
Exhibit 14-4
<strong>Exhibit 14-4   Refer to the graph in the exhibit.At what point does short-run equilibrium occur?  </strong> A) at point a  B) at point b  C) at point c, where the actual price level exceeds the expected price level  D) at the origin point c, where the actual price level is less than the expected price level
Refer to the graph in the exhibit.At what point does short-run equilibrium occur?  

A) at point a 
B) at point b 
C) at point c, where the actual price level exceeds the expected price level 
D) at the origin point c, where the actual price level is less than the expected price level
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80
Suppose the government wants to eliminate a recessionary gap.Which of the following strategies should the Bank of Canada implement?  

A) The Bank of Canada should increase the money supply and increase the interest rate. 
B) The Bank of Canada should increase the money supply and decrease the interest rate. 
C) The Bank of Canada should decrease the money supply and increase the interest rate. 
D) The Bank of Canada should decrease the money supply and decrease the interest rate.
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Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 130 flashcards in this deck.