Deck 11: Working in a Virtual World: Technology As a Way of Life

Question 1

The consequences of inadequate knowledge management systems at work aren't usually so dire.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The First Industrial Revolution focused largely on machinery.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Netflix is one example of a co-alliance structural model of virtual organizations.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Adam Smith felt that optimum use of society's resources required a free market to set prices for goods and services.

Question 5

Trust is important in virtual teams because supervision is difficult to accomplish at a distance.

Question 6

Craigslist is an example of a wiki.

Question 7

Instant,long-distance communication did not arise until the Third Industrial Revolution.

Question 8

Devising policies to monitor electronic communications in an organization is typically done by HR departments.

Question 9

Wikis are a type of groupware.

Question 10

Technology includes both the tools to change the environment and the knowledge of how to change the environment.

Question 11

Sociotechnical systems theory states that technological advances always result in organizational success.

Question 12

A key advantage that virtual education systems have is the ability to serve niche markets with specialized classes.

Question 13

An example of cloud computing is Google Docs.

Question 14

ICTs are information and communication technologies.

Question 15

An intranet enables organizations to communicate securely with customers.

Question 16

Cloud computing is an example of the centralization of computer services.

Question 17

Sociotechnical systems theory states that optimizing the technical elements of work can eliminate unpredictability.

Question 18

A hybrid worker spends part of his or her time in a company office and part of the time working at home or while traveling.

Question 19

Internet features such as e-mail are a product of Web 2.0.

Question 20

eBay is an example of a peer-to-peer network because it allows file-sharing.

Question 21

When technical and social elements are not fully optimized for new technology,________ can result.

A) higher productivity
B) group stability
C) predictability of outcomes
D) unpredictability of relationships

Question 22

Sociotech theory states that when new technology is implemented,efffective performance will increase only if ________.

A) technological elements are optimized
B) social elements are optimized
C) both technological and social elements are optimized
D) the technology is state-of-the-art and properly installed

Question 23

The Third Industrial Revolution is characterized by ________.

A) wealth being linked to the means of production
B) mass production
C) a knowledge and service economy
D) hierarchical organizations

Question 24

What was one reason for China's failure to industrialize during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

A) Women were forced to work long hours.
B) Books and other information sources were restricted.
C) China imported most of its manufactured goods.
D) China had no contact with the West during that time.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a capability that Robert Reich identifies as important for operating in a virtual world?

A) abstract reasoning skills
B) ability to experiment
C) computer programming skills
D) systems thinking skills

Question 26

Sociotechnical systems theory states that technological advances ________.

A) always lead to productivity advances
B) don't necessarily lead to organizational success
C) never lead to productivity advances
D) are not related to productivity advances

Question 27

Which of the following has NOT changed in response to the growth of technology in organizations?

A) individual behavior
B) pay scales
C) work processes
D) organizational cultures

Question 28

Technology can be best thought of as the use of ________.

A) networks
B) policies
C) tools
D) extensions of the brain

Question 29

Sociotech is concerned with the ________.

A) interaction between work and leisure
B) relationship between machines and the people who make them
C) likelihood that machines will one day control people
D) interaction between technology and people

Question 30

Labor changes instituted in the Second Industrial Revolution included ________.

A) virtual organizations and assembly lines
B) mass production and small scale entrepreneurship
C) assembly lines and division of labor
D) automation and empowered workers

Question 31

The Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by technologies that used ________.

A) electricity and internal combustion
B) electricity and solar power
C) internal combustion and renewable energy
D) electricity and individual craftsmanship

Question 32

Which of the following did NOT benefit from the First Industrial Revolution?

A) Europe
B) the United States
C) China
D) England

Question 33

During the early periods of industrialization in Western countries,Africa was used by developed nations as a ________.

A) location for enormous factories
B) source of raw materials and slaves
C) source of skilled labor
D) market to test new products

Question 34

When did the Third Industrial Revolution begin?

A) the 1890s
B) the 1920s
C) the 1960s
D) the 1990s

Question 35

What marked a profound change in communication in the Second Industrial Revolution?

A) Web 2.0
B) telephones
C) ARPANET
D) the printing press

Question 36

ICTs include ________ related to electronic communication and information sharing.

A) all hardware and software
B) all hardware
C) Internet protocols
D) software and intellectual property

Question 37

The First Industrial Revolution was characterized by a shift from ________ labor.

A) manual to electronic
B) animal to manual
C) mechanical to electronic
D) manual to mechanical

Question 38

New technologies often fail to result in organizational success because managers fail to ________.

A) pay attention to the social part of the system
B) properly train workers to use the system
C) install the system properly
D) insist that the technology be used by workers

Question 39

Which of the following was a major social change caused by the First Industrial Revolution?

A) People moved to farms.
B) The work of craftsmen became highly valued.
C) Farms became smaller and more profitable.
D) People moved to cities.

Question 40

What characterized the Age of Enlightenment?

A) belief in religious principles
B) belief in logic and reason
C) distrust of logic and reason
D) the development of virtual organizations

Question 41

Which of the following structural models of virtual organizations is characterized by a highly networked supply chain?

A) star alliance model
B) market alliance model
C) co-alliance model
D) value alliance model

Question 42

What is a negative economic impact of ICTs?

A) job migration outside of the United States
B) more complex supply chains
C) job migration into developing countries
D) increase in hybrid workers

Question 43

E-mail is an especially poor medium for communicating messages that contain ________.

A) technical information
B) numerical data
C) emotional content
D) links to other sites

Question 44

Cloud computing is an example of computer systems becoming ________.

A) more centralized
B) more decentralized
C) more localized
D) more self-managed

Question 45

As a result of globalization,the number of U.S.manufacturing jobs has ________.

A) increased slightly
B) decreased sharply
C) increased sharply
D) decreased slightly

Question 46

What was the original name for the Internet?

A) AOL
B) ARPANET
C) the World Wide Web
D) hypertext

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT one of the functional models of virtual organizations developed by Burn,Marshall,and Barnett?

A) traffic control sites
B) auction sites
C) destination sites
D) star alliance sites

Question 48

Which of the following ICTs is focused primarily on supporting collaborative work?

A) Web 2.0
B) e-mail
C) groupware
D) teleconferencing

Question 49

As a result of globalization,the amount of cargo passing through U.S.ports has ________.

A) increased sharply
B) decreased sharply
C) decreased slightly
D) increase slightly

Question 50

Which advanced form of ICTs played a key role in changing the global movement of goods?

A) the telegraph
B) the cloud
C) virtual organizations
D) satellite tracking

Question 51

"Clicks and bricks" is another name for the ________ model of virtual organizations.

A) star alliance
B) virtual face
C) virtual space
D) virtual broker

Question 52

For most workers,information overload is primarily caused by ________.

A) globalization
B) hypercompetition
C) social networking sites
D) e-mail

Question 53

Around the world,many more people have ________ than ________.

A) landline phones; mobile phones
B) smart phones; conventional mobile phones
C) Internet service; mobile phones
D) mobile phones; Internet service

Question 54

Managers of virtual teams should make it a point to ________.

A) share personal anecdotes
B) avoid personal anecdotes
C) avoid videoconferencing
D) limit the use of wikis

Question 55

Most types of virtual organizations have ________.

A) no physical location
B) a physical location
C) only local customers
D) very few employees

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT considered a key component of virtual organizations?

A) dynamic processes
B) structures allowing swift adaptation
C) firmly delineated boundaries
D) contractual relationships

Question 57

Virtual learning technologies ________.

A) offer basic, no-frills classes only
B) cannot support collaboration
C) are inferior to on-site learning
D) improve access to education

Question 58

You are in a hotel room attending a work teleconference via your mobile phone.What is the virtual space in this scenario?

A) the hotel room
B) the town in which the hotel is located
C) your mobile phone
D) your office

Question 59

Web 2.0 is best characterized by ________.

A) developments such as e-mail
B) online stores such as Amazon
C) networking sites such as Facebook
D) cloud computing such as Google Docs

Question 60

According to Kurt Anderson,the ________ will focus on correcting harm done during the different phases of the Industrial Revolution.

A) replay economy
B) Fourth Industrial Revolution
C) reset economy
D) ICT Revolution

Question 61

Fahd runs a shop selling exotic tropical fish.He has decided to create a web site called Tropic Friends in which visitors will contribute articles about fish health,aquarium maintenance,and similar topics.Fahd's site is likely to be categorized as a ________.

A) wiki
B) P2P
C) virtual organization
D) social networking site

Question 62

Jose is talking to a group of high school students about the importance of using ICTs for social benefit.Which of the following might Jose use as an example for his presentation?

A) Kiva
B) Amazon.com
C) PayPal
D) Netflix

Question 63

Clara is preparing a presentation on working effectively in the virtual world.She will focus on the difficulties of influencing people in the virtual environment.What is one of the key causes of this problem?

A) information overload
B) lack of nonverbal and social cues
C) ineffective ICT policies
D) too much self-management

Question 64

Home Roast has two warehouses and an extensive website selling coffee online.It employs over 100 customer service employees,most of whom work from home.Is Home Roast a virtual organization?

A) Yes, because it is widely dispersed, has no stores, and relies on ICTs.
B) Yes, because it has a website and a small number of employees.
C) No, because it has brick-and-mortar warehouses.
D) No, because it is too large an organization to be strictly virtual.

Question 65

In most companies,it is ________ responsibility to create and enforce policies for e-mail and social networking privacy.

A) the local government's
B) top management's
C) each individual employee's
D) HR's

Question 66

To boost the sales of its ski and snowboard equipment,Adam has suggested that his company create a ________ for winter sports enthusiasts to get together online and communicate.

A) peer-to-peer network
B) social networking site
C) cloud computing network
D) virtual reality network

Question 67

Woof.com is an online seller of products for dogs.Although business has been steady,the CEO believes that adding some physical stores might enhance brand recognition while increasing sales.According to Burn,Marshall,and Barnett,this would make the company fit the ________.

A) virtual face model
B) co-alliance model
C) star-alliance model
D) virtual broker model

Question 68

Home Roast sells raw coffee beans online to consumers.To strengthen its market position,the CEO decides to join up with Bean Machine,a company that manufactures coffee roasting machines.Which structural model of virtual organizations would this arrangement create?

A) virtual face model
B) co-alliance model
C) star-alliance model
D) virtual broker model

Question 69

A 2011 survey found that more than one-half of U.S.workers lose ________ each day to workplace distractions.

A) 30 minutes
B) 1 hour to 90 minutes
C) 1 hour to 3 hours
D) 2 hours to 4 hours

Question 70

Pardeez is conducting a seminar on organizational efficiency.A manager asks about strategies to decrease information overload.Pardeez says the first step in solving a problem is understanding the cause,and points out that a primary cause of information overload is that people ________.

A) don't work in a central office
B) send too many unimportant e-mails
C) spend too much time on social networks
D) don't use their work time efficiently

Question 71

Sarita is director of a large medical billing facility.Her employees are constantly telling her that they feel overwhelmed by a barrage of information.To address the problem,Sarita should invest in ________.

A) groupware
B) cloud technologies
C) a knowledge management system
D) a virtual broker system

Question 72

Cathy wants to create a business called Mirror-Mirror where consumers rate hair and makeup products online.The company will derive revenue primarily from advertising on the site.What functional model of virtual organizations does Mirror-Mirror fit?

A) auction site
B) business portal
C) traffic control site
D) destination site

Question 73

Peter wants to save costs for their startup company,so he leases a smaller office facility with cubicles that their hybrid employees can reserve when they need to work onsite.This practice is called ________.

A) timesharing
B) teleconferencing
C) networking
D) hoteling

Question 74

One of the negative consequences of information overload is that people ________.

A) lose touch with their coworkers
B) get overly focused on a single task
C) find it hard to prioritize work tasks
D) spend too much time surfing the Internet

Question 75

Jenny works for an online travel service.At lunch,she and her colleagues complain about information overload,which is likely the result of ________.

A) too many responsibilities
B) too many ICTs in the office
C) too many decisions to make
D) too many e-mails and messages

Question 76

Who is responsible for managing virtual work in organizations today?

A) the HR department
B) all employees
C) the technical support group
D) middle management

Question 77

Marcus is reviewing his company's new policy manual on using information technology effectively.Which of the following would NOT be in Tyler's manual?

A) Review subject lines of e-mails to assess the value of opening them.
B) Use the Reply-All option frequently to ensure broad understanding of information.
C) Purge the e-mail inbox on a regular basis.
D) Use e-mail filters to automatically delete spam.

Question 78

What is central in building effective relationships,and yet often lacks support in virtual interactions?

A) self-management
B) emotions
C) clear power dynamics
D) cultural sensitivity

Question 79

According to the model of evolution in virtual learning developed by Zemsky and Massey,the use of course management systems marks ________.

A) Cycle 1
B) Cycle 2
C) Cycle 3
D) Cycle 4

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT considered a critical competency for members of virtual teams?

A) technical support
B) inspiration
C) self-management
D) influence