Deck 17: Career Management

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of discrete exchange?

A)explicit exchange of specified rewards in return for task performance
B)mutual loyalty
C)basing rewards on market value
D)flexibility as each party's interest and market circumstances change

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The pattern of work-related experiences that span the course of a person's life is known as:

A)a career
B)growth
C)job ladder
D)advancement

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Newly hired managers flame out or fail within the first 18 months because they:

A)lack internal political skills
B)can't achieve the two or three most important objectives of the new job
C)tend to be confused or uncertain about what their bosses expect
D)fail to build good relationships with peers and subordinates

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Discrete exchange means:

A)explicit exchange of specified rewards in return for task performance
B)implicit trading of employee compliance in return for job security
C)allowing job rewards to be routinely deferred into the future
D)leaving the mutual loyalty assumptions as a political barrier to renegotiations

Question 5

College graduates typically change jobs how many times in their first 10 years of work?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Question 6

Which of the following is an incorrect match of Holland's personality types and occupations?

A)artistic.....................music teacher
B)realistic....................pro baseball player
C)social........................social worker
D)enterprising...............insurance agent

Question 7

Which of the following are skills required to be successful in today's work environment?

A)Think of change not as disruption but work's central focus
B)self-reliance
C)multiple skills and adept at more than one job
D)All of the above

Question 8

James Dyson, CEO of Dyson, believes strongly in mentoring and has made it his priority to mentor future generations of engineers. The Dyson Foundation and Jeremy Fry Memorial Scholarship (Jeremy Fry was Dyson's mentor) are two examples of Dyson's involvement in mentoring. Using the career stage model, at which stage would someone such as Dyson become a mentor?

A)withdrawal stage
B)maintenance stage
C)establishment stage
D)advancement stage

Question 9

Corporate allegiance means:

A)shared employer and employee commitment to the goal of a project
B)financial and reputation rewards stemming from project outcomes
C)social relationships within corporate boundaries being actively encouraged
D)constant rearrangement of reporting relationships as projects required

Question 10

Almost 40% of new managers fail within the first 18 months on the job because of:

A)a lack of organizational support
B)a lack of technical training that most importantly includes weak financial skills
C)a lack of human skills
D)poor socialization by the organization and unrealistic previews of what the job will entail

Question 11

The best way to stay employed is to:

A)choose a major that will be in high demand well into the future
B)utilize the first six months of the socialization process to become thoroughly familiar with the organization's culture
C)identify future stars within the organization and attempt to develop a positive relationship with them
D)see yourself as being in business for yourself, even if you work for someone else

Question 12

An actuarial scientist is an occupation that matches Holland's personality of:

A)conventional
B)investigative
C)artistic
D)enterprising

Question 13

Career management includes all of the following except:

A)setting personal goals
B)job training
C)developing strategies for achieving goals
D)revising goals based on work and life experiences

Question 14

According to Holland, all of the following are considered important personality types in choosing an occupation except the:

A)conventional
B)enterprising
C)investigative
D)stable

Question 15

The best attitude toward change in the new work environment is:

A)to develop change management skills
B)to think of organizational change not as a disruption to your work, but instead as the central focus of your work
C)to become a transformational leader
D)to appreciate that there are different models of change for different types of change

Question 16

Which of the following statements best reflects the relevance of EI to career success in different cultures?

A)EI is not important because it is difficult to measure.
B)EI is subject to different cultures and therefore difficult to generalize.
C)EI has been found to be important in many cultures.
D)EI has not been investigated in different cultures.

Question 17

An example of the subjective element of a career is:

A)the number of jobs in your chosen occupation
B)your perception of your potential in a chosen occupation
C)organizational orientation to a new job
D)the application for and receipt of an occupational license

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the attributes of the "new" career?

A)discrete exchange
B)organizational empowerment
C)organizational change agent
D)project allegiance

Question 19

Which of the following type of person will NOT be successful in the new career paradigm?

A)flexible
B)tolerant of ambiguity
C)energized by change
D)hierarchical

Question 20

Occupational excellence means:

A)continually honing skills that can be marketed across organizations
B)forgoing technical or functional development in favor of firm-specific learning
C)employees identifying with and focusing on what is happening in their particular firm
D)relying on the firm to specify jobs and their associated occupational skill base

Question 21

A way of avoiding inherent conflicts between the individual and organization regarding job choice is:

A)conflict resolution
B)reality counseling
C)use of a mediator
D)realistic job preview

Question 22

Entry into organizations is complicated by a variety of conflicts.Which of the following is not considered a conflict important to organizational entry?

A)the conflict between the organization's effort to attract candidates and the individual's choice of an organization
B)the conflict between the individual's attempt to attract several organizations and the organization's need to select the best candidate
C)the conflict between the individual's desire for several job offers and the need to make a good choice
D)the conflict between the individual, the organization, and the individual's closest social group with respect to expectations regarding job type, career opportunities, and monetary rewards

Question 23

A mentor who tells a new employee about the power structure in the firm is providing _____ support.

A)emotional
B)modeling
C)informational
D)protection

Question 24

An implicit agreement between an individual and an organization that specifies what each is expected to give and receive in the relationship is known as:

A)an employment contract
B)a work agreement
C)a psychological contract
D)reciprocity

Question 25

The realistic job preview of the organization corresponds to the _____ of the individual.

A)interviewing skills
B)training manual
C)college major
D)resume

Question 26

When examining career stages, Levinson has recommended that because work and life are inseparable, you should also take into account:

A)personality characteristics
B)the differing motivational attributes of power, achievement, and affiliation
C)life stages
D)emotional stages

Question 27

The person who most typically provides evaluative feedback to the newcomer employee is:

A)a mentor
B)a nonsupervisory coworker
C)a senior manager two levels above in the hierarchy
D)an immediate superior

Question 28

The aspect of psychological contracting concerned with empathy, caring, and esteem may require what type of support for the newcomer?

A)informational
B)emotional
C)modeling
D)evaluative

Question 29

Giving potential employees a realistic picture of the job they are applying for means:

A)providing prospective candidates with results of a job satisfaction survey
B)providing value clarification services in order to insure there is a culture/personality fit
C)giving both positive and negative information regarding the organization
D)providing the candidate with the strengths of the organization with respect to its position in the industry and its strategic capabilities

Question 30

An assumption that drives Holland's theory is that people choose occupations:

A)based on economic reasons
B)based on vocational inventory instruments
C)based on what they perceive their strengths have been
D)based on matches with their own personality

Question 31

Which of the following organizational choice and entry conflicts is most favorable to the individual seeking a job?

A)individual's attempt to attract the firm and the individual's choice of firm
B)individual's choice of firm and organization's selection of individuals
C)individual's organizational choice and the firm's efforts to attract individuals
D)organization's efforts to attract individuals and organizational selection of individuals

Question 32

Warner Cable posts videos showing current employees discussing the skills necessary for dealing with the challenges and frustrations associated with the various jobs within the company. The purpose of posting these videos is:

A)to provide prospective candidates with information that will result in a RJP
B)an attempt to increase the fit between job requirements and GNS
C)to emphasize the extent to which a "can do" attitude permeates Warner Cable's culture
D)All the above

Question 33

According to the expectancy view to organizational choice, individuals choose organizations:

A)that maximize positive outcomes and avoid negative outcomes
B)based on satisficing
C)that they perceive treat employees in an equitable manner
D)that satisfy their basic needs

Question 34

A person's most significant career achievements are likely to occur in the _____ career stage.

A)establishment
B)entry and apprenticeship
C)advancement
D)maintenance

Question 35

According to Levinson's life stages and career stages, middle adulthood is best associated with:

A)the establishment stage
B)the withdrawal stage
C)the advancement/maintenance stage
D)the establishment/advancement stage

Question 36

RJPs result in all of the following except:

A)a more effective match
B)higher organizational commitment
C)higher job information
D)unrealistic expectations

Question 37

Teach for America (TFA) is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to eliminate education inequity in the U.S. TFA does not emphasize making a career out of teaching but rather recruit future "leaders" to teach 2 years in order to improve education. This is an example of which of the following in terms of occupational choice?

A)Individuals most likely attracted to TFA would do so based on passion and values
B)Holland's conventional personality would likely be attracted to this situation
C)Holland's typology has been used to predict career choices on a variety of international participants with findings suggesting Asians are more likely to attracted to be TFA
D)All of the above

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a stage that individuals go through when adjusting to a new organization?

A)anticipatory socialization
B)change and acquisition
C)inclusion
D)encounter

Question 39

Which of the following would be INCORRECT concerning the four-stage career model?

A)The establishment stage could be only a few (2 or 3) years to 20 years.
B)Withdrawal could occur as early as 50 years of age.
C)The four stages are mutually exclusive.
D)A significant occupation/career change could cycle a person from advancement back to establishment.

Question 40

According to Levinson, an important personal life transition that includes beginning to separate from one's parents and becoming less emotionally and financially dependent occurs during the career:

A)maintenance stage
B)advancement stage
C)establishment stage
D)separation stage

Question 41

A network group and quad system is:

A)an information system designed to provide career counseling during the advancement stage
B)utilized in the recruitment of minorities
C)used to facilitate the mentoring of minorities
D)used to facilitate the transition from the withdrawal stage of career development into retirement

Question 42

The change and acquisition stage of organizational socialization occurs during the _____ career stage.

A)establishment
B)organizational entry
C)maintenance
D)advancement

Question 43

A successful transition from outsider to insider can be ensured if both the newcomer and the organization work together to smooth the way.During what phase or stage of the adjustment to a new organization should a newcomer prepare for reality shock and plan ways to cope with job stress?

A)inclusion
B)encounter
C)anticipatory socialization
D)change and acquisition

Question 44

Otis Elevator has experimented with a program in which new hires, regardless of their specific job function, all complete a six-week training course covering all aspects of the elevator industry.This information and training is especially recommended for which stage of adjustment for the newcomer?

A)encounter
B)anticipatory socialization
C)change and acquisition
D)inclusion

Question 45

A mentor provides all of the following career functions Except:

A)sponsorship
B)coaching
C)maintenance
D)protection

Question 46

The expectation of most persons as they enter and experience the advancement career stage is that they will:

A)remain in the same job until the maintenance stage
B)change jobs and employers frequently
C)progress through a series of jobs with increasing responsibilities and challenge and become part of management
D)drop out of the workforce once or twice to go back to college to achieve an advanced degree

Question 47

During the establishment stage, which of the following is NOT a noteworthy transition?

A)from school to work
B)from dependence on parents to dependence on self
C)from outsider to insider
D)from independent to interdependent thinking

Question 48

Reality shock typically occurs during which stage in the adjustment of a newcomer to an organization?

A)anticipatory socialization
B)change and acquisition
C)inclusion
D)encounter

Question 49

Individuals who are extraordinary at their job often have a team of mentors or "developers" from both inside and outside their employing organization. A recent study investigated three questions regarding mentors or "developers: (1) Who are developers? (2) What do developers do? (3) What type of development network is most effective? Which of the following statements are supported by this study?

A)Develop a narrower but diverse network of individuals willing and able to provide you with plenty of career and psychosocial mentoring
B)Higher performing individuals had more developers from family, company, and other support categories
C)Higher performing individuals had more developers and developers had more within and across categories (jobs) to draw from
D)Both B & C

Question 50

During the early period of organizational entry and initial job placement, the primary stressor is:

A)ambiguity
B)feedback
C)role conflict
D)networking

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic that defines a good mentoring relationship?

A)Mentoring should be consistent with the culture and organizational goals.
B)Both mentors and protégés should be trained in ways to manage the relationship.
C)Mentors should be accountable and rewarded for their role.
D)Mentors should have high-level positions within the organization.

Question 52

An approach to building competencies by moving laterally through different departments or different projects is:

A)horizontal integration
B)a horizontal career path
C)career lattice
D)a career path

Question 53

In which stage or phase of adjustment to a new organization should newcomers set realistic goals and take credit for the successes that occur as they master the job?

A)encounter
B)anticipatory socialization
C)change and acquisition
D)inclusion

Question 54

Richard Branson, head of Virgin Group, believes mentorship has the power to change the world. He cites his parents, along with Sir Freddie Laker, the British airline entrepreneur, as his most important mentors. Sir Laker was the one who taught Branson that:

A)"if you want to soar with the eagles you can't hoot with the owls"
B)"only a fool never changes his mind"
C)"your only limits are self imposed"
D)"even if you are on the right track you'll get run over if you just sit there"

Question 55

Sequences of job experiences along which employees move during their career is known as:

A)career ladders
B)career lattice
C)career paths
D)career growth

Question 56

Organizations should provide early job assignments that present opportunities to succeed for the new recruit during which stage of the adjustment to a new organization?

A)encounter
B)anticipatory socialization
C)inclusion
D)change and acquisition

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT an issue that is important to the advancement stage of the career stage model?

A)finding a mentor
B)managing conflict between work and personal life
C)working out dual-career partnerships
D)life satisfaction

Question 58

Organizations should tie the newcomers' rewards as explicitly as possible to performance during which stage of the adjustment to a new organization?

A)encounter
B)anticipatory socialization
C)change and acquisition
D)reality shock

Question 59

All of the following are functions provided by a mentor except:

A)formal training
B)sponsorship
C)coaching and counseling
D)facilitating exposure and visibility

Question 60

Individuals reassess their goals and feel the need to make changes in their career dreams during which stage of the career stage model?

A)withdrawal
B)maintenance
C)advancement
D)establishment

Question 61

The most difficult phase of a mentoring relationship is:

A)initiation
B)cultivation
C)separation
D)redefinition

Question 62

The time of the fast track to the top of the hierarchical organization is past.

Question 63

Work-home conflicts are typically first encountered during which phase of the career stage?

A)advancement
B)withdrawal
C)maintenance
D)establishment

Question 64

Sustaining performance and becoming a mentor are two issues individuals need to address during:

A)the maintenance stage
B)the advancement stage
C)the withdrawal stage
D)the establishment stage

Question 65

The most common work-home conflict develops because of:

A)extensive out-of-town travel of one or both partners
B)family member illness
C)child's educational requirements
D)lack of job progression opportunities for one of the partners

Question 66

If the separation phase of the mentoring relationship has been successful, what phase will occur next?

A)cultivation
B)independence
C)redefinition
D)learning

Question 67

An important issue for someone in the maintenance career stage is:

A)career regression
B)sustaining performance
C)finding a career anchor
D)retirement

Question 68

An appropriate occupation/job for a person with a technical/functional competence anchor is:

A)machine operator in clothing manufacturing
B)accountant
C)freelance photographer
D)assembly line worker

Question 69

An essential activity of the withdrawal career stage is:

A)mentoring
B)careful planning
C)consulting
D)increased job stress

Question 70

Someone with a security/stability career anchor would prefer work as a/an:

A)tenured college professor
B)commercial airline pilot
C)entrepreneur
D)salesperson

Question 71

All of the following are stages of the mentoring relationship except:

A)initiation
B)cultivation
C)redefinition
D)learning

Question 72

All of the following are considered keys to the success of a formal mentoring program except:

A)participation should be voluntary
B)training should be provided to mentors
C)mentors should have high EQ scores
D)a graceful exit should be provided for mismatches

Question 73

Self-perceived talents, motives, and values that guide an individual's career decisions are called:

A)visions
B)life goals
C)career anchors
D)career planning

Question 74

Flextime, compressed workweeks, work-at-home arrangements, part-time hours, job sharing, and leave options are all considered:

A)to be expensive but necessary in today's working environment
B)to be time savers because they allow employees to spend more time at work
C)alternative work arrangements necessary to manage work-home conflicts
D)initiatives directed more toward women so they will be attracted to the job market

Question 75

A common experience, or phenomenon, during the maintenance stage is:

A)lowered job performance and termination
B)demotion and downgrade job changes
C)transition to nonsupervisory positions
D)career plateau

Question 76

A relatively new source of work-home conflict is:

A)need for childcare
B)lack of transportation
C)neighborhood crime
D)need for eldercare

Question 77

The midlife transition occurs late in the advancement stage or early in the maintenance stage and includes all of the following except:

A)the realization that life may be half over and they are mortal
B)that age forty is considered by people in their twenties and thirties to be "over the hill" and not part of the youthful culture
C)the tendency for dreams to be reevaluated and a determination made as to how close they have come to achieving those dreams
D)the concern that the aging of one's children tends to result in their leaving home for school or work and the onset of a grieving process

Question 78

A relationship where both people have important career roles is called:

A)a conflicting partnership
B)conflicting careers
C)a career stressor
D)a dual-career partnership

Question 79

According to the career research of Edgar Schein, career anchors are:

A)objective assessments of one's abilities
B)determined by one's childhood and family background
C)changing as one moves through the four-stage career model
D)self-assessed talents, motives, and values that guide career decisions

Question 80

In which of the following career anchors does one desire freedom?

A)security/stability
B)technical/functional competence
C)creativity
D)autonomy and independence