Deck 4: Attitudes, Emotions, and Ethics

Question 1

In managing organizational behavior, the importance of attitudes:

A)is determined by observation
B)rests with understanding non-productive behavior
C)lies in their link to behavior
D)can be assessed from observing non-work behavior

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Asking an employee whether he or she would use a new computer software package is an attempt to determine:

A)affect
B)cognition
C)dissonance reduction
D)behavioral intention

Answer 2

D

Question 3

At Dreamworks, CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg is relentless in his emphasis on:

A)OCB
B)organizational commitment
C)job satisfaction
D)positive emotions and their emotional contagion

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The attitude-behavior connection is much closer when:

A)attitudes are general
B)attitude measurement is done very close to the behavior of interest
C)one's personality exhibits high self-monitoring
D)the social context doesn't reinforce the relationship between attitudes and behavior

Question 5

Attitudes are learned and two major influences include:

A)repeated behavior and affect
B)direct experience and social learning
C)cognitive dissonance and negative affectivity
D)random behavior modeling and unconscious motivation

Question 6

If a salesperson is required to sell a defective TV set but believes this act to be unethical, he or she would:

A)not engage in the act
B)experience the discomfort of cognitive dissonance
C)need to be at Kohlberg's 5th level of cognitive development in order to resolve the conflict between attitudes and behavior
D)reexamine his or her behavioral intention

Question 7

An individual's psychological tendency expressed by evaluating an entity with some degree of favor or disfavor reflects:

A)an attitude
B)one's mood
C)values
D)beliefs

Question 8

All of the following are indications of affect except:

A)he believes that young employees are error prone
B)she dislikes eating lunch in the company cafeteria
C)he prefers group discussion
D)she likes the new phone system

Question 9

Job satisfaction and employee performance are likely to be positively related when:

A)pay is linked to attendance
B)non-participative techniques are used
C)rewards are valued by employees and are tied directly to performance
D)employee turnover is high

Question 10

Groupon is considered to have a unique psychological impact because it preys on their customers' attitudes and emotions. All of the following are ways Groupon uses customer attitudes and emotions Except:

A)Groupon customers typically wait a week to see the size of a discount
B)Groupon makes deals that fit the needs of the customers in a particular city
C)Groupon deals typically involve a good deal of "choice" for consumers
D)the "tipping point" may be very low and gives the perspective that the deal is popular

Question 11

If an individual from a country holds a negative attitude towards women in management because of a cultural belief system, but does not reflect behavior consistent with that attitude in a group, the link between the attitude-behavior is probably weak because:

A)the measurement timing is poor
B)of social constraints
C)the individual is a low self-monitor
D)of low attitude relevance

Question 12

An individual does not have an attitude until he or she responds to an entity on a:

A)personal, cognitive, and behavioral basis
B)cognitive, interactive, and behavioral basis
C)behavioral, affective, and interactive, basis
D)cognitive, behavioral, and affective basis

Question 13

A major reason why attitudes derived from direct experience are so powerful is because:

A)they become a heuristic to assist in decision making
B)they are easily accessed and are active in our cognitive processes
C)they are accessible through the left part of the brain which is more intuitive
D)of the behavioral intention component of an attitude

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the five things the attitude-behavior correspondence depends upon?

A)attitude specificity
B)attitude relevance
C)social constraints
D)the experimental model used to test the relationship

Question 15

Assume you are a supervisor and you strongly endorse keeping an open line of communication with your employees, you always keep your office door open and you instruct your secretary to not screen phone calls from employees.These conditions include:

A)attitude specificity
B)cognitive dissonance
C)little connection between attitudes and appropriate behavior
D)non-compliance with social constraints

Question 16

When one's attitudes and required job behavior conflict, __________ may develop.

A)affect
B)attitude consonance
C)behavioral tendency
D)cognitive dissonance

Question 17

Which of the following is not an important aspect or process of modeling?

A)The learner must focus attention on the model.
B)The model must not be aware of the learner's presence.
C)The learner must retain, accept, and/or stamp in what was observed for the model.
D)The learner must practice the model's behavior.

Question 18

The JDI measures:

A)job performance
B)attitude specificity
C)employee absenteeism
D)job satisfaction

Question 19

In social learning, the family, peer group, religious organizations, and culture shape an individual's attitudes in a(n):

A)direct manner
B)indirect manner
C)reciprocal manner
D)parallel manner

Question 20

According to considerable research, the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is:

A)strong and direct
B)strong and negative
C)modest
D)positive for women and negative for men

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a type of organizational commitment?

A)affective
B)continuance
C)normative
D)citizenship

Question 22

The type of organizational commitment that is based on an individual's desire to remain in an organization is called:

A)intentional commitment
B)normative commitment
C)affective commitment
D)attitudinal commitment

Question 23

Employee loyalty toward the organization is a significant factor in:

A)job displacement
B)continuance commitment
C)affective commitment
D)employee turnover

Question 24

Which statement best reflects the current state of knowledge regarding the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational performance?

A)It is similar to the relationship between job satisfaction and individual performance.
B)Unfortunately, this relationship has not been investigated.
C)No relationship has been found between job satisfaction and organizational performance.
D)Companies with satisfied workers have better performance than companies with dissatisfied performance.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true regarding job satisfaction and organizational commitment?

A)They are reciprocally related.
B)They are strongly positively related.
C)Organizational commitment moderates the relationship between job satisfaction and performance.
D)There is a curvilinear relationship between the two variables.

Question 26

According to recent research on organizational commitment in different countries, which type of workers displayed the highest level of affective commitment?

A)U.S.
B)Korean
C)Japanese
D)Chinese

Question 27

Which of the following statement best reflects the findings reported in your text on organizational committing behaviors and coworker behavior?

A)If a close coworker chose to perform OCBs, other close coworkers were more likely to reciprocate.
B)The impact of one worker's OCBs cannot be spread throughout an entire department.
C)Close coworker choice to perform OCBs was found to be related to other close coworker behavior to reciprocate.
D)Good deeds are not likely to be contagious due to variation in whether individuals are high or low self-monitors.

Question 28

The authors of your text would be considered a persuasive source for attempts to change employee attitudes about the benefits of employee empowerment because of their:

A)effective writing skills
B)trustworthiness
C)age
D)expertise

Question 29

When an employee remains with a firm because he or she faces significant exit barriers, this can be characterized as:

A)organizational citizenship
B)withdrawal syndrome
C)continuance commitment
D)dysfunctional attachment

Question 30

Counterproductive behavior that violates organizational norms and causes harms to others of the organization is known as:

A)OCB
B)WDB
C)JDI
D)MSQ

Question 31

A pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences reflects:

A)job involvement
B)job satisfaction
C)loyalty
D)job morale

Question 32

Which statement regarding the relationship between culture and job satisfaction is most accurate?

A)Job satisfaction is not influenced by culture.
B)Job satisfaction and participative techniques do not appear to be related when taking into account cultural differences.
C)Culture does not appear to affect the factors (i. e., work itself) that lead to job satisfaction.
D)Job satisfaction is significantly affected by culture but factors may differ.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT one of the five specific dimensions used to measure job satisfaction?

A)pay
B)work itself
C)supervision
D)congruence between work and purpose

Question 34

In contrast to Koreans, U.S.workers would most likely:

A)place greater value on job satisfaction through extrinsic job factors
B)place greater value on job satisfaction through intrinsic job factors
C)place greater value on family and less value on work for its own sake
D)place less value on autonomy, independence, and achievement

Question 35

Employees working for Aplus.net came to work during massive wildfires that swept through California in 2003, even though some of their own homes were threatened.This is an example of:

A)affective commitment
B)continuance commitment
C)organizational citizenship
D)organizational involvement

Question 36

The strength of an individual's identification with an organization is known as:

A)normative commitment
B)organizational commitment
C)continuance commitment
D)behavioral commitment

Question 37

Which statement best reflects the relationship between job satisfaction and individual performance?

A)productive workers are satisfied
B)satisfied workers are productive
C)modest support for both "productive workers are satisfied" and "satisfied workers are productive" but no simple direct relationship between satisfaction and performance has been found
D)the strongest relationship between job satisfaction and performance has been found when satisfaction results in strongly valued rewards and then performance

Question 38

Job satisfaction has been shown to be related to organizational citizenship, which is:

A)the tendency to exhibit strong ethical behavior
B)behavior that is above and beyond the call of duty on behalf of the organization
C)loyalty to the organization
D)the tendency to look for the positive within organizations

Question 39

All of the following are ways Dreamworks keep people happy or emphasizes job satisfaction Except:

A)allow flexibility
B)encourage collaboration and socializing
C)onboard carefully
D)place an emphasis on the performance->reward->job satisfaction relationship

Question 40

The relationship between job satisfaction and absenteeism is best reflected by which statement?

A)Job dissatisfaction is positively related to absenteeism.
B)Job dissatisfaction and absenteeism are negatively correlated.
C)Job dissatisfaction and absenteeism are not related.
D)Job satisfaction and absenteeism are positively related.

Question 41

Which of the following persons is most likely to be persuaded to change?

A)a low self-esteem individual
B)an individual who holds an extreme attitude
C)a high self-esteem individual
D)someone who is in the peripheral route of a persuasion attempt

Question 42

Your text states that the CEO of Johnson & Johnson compared the performance over a 40-year period of time for organizations that had devoted a great deal of time to ethics.Which of the following conclusions were supported by his investigation?

A)Ethical behavior and job satisfaction were positively associated.
B)Ethical behavior and sales growth were positively associated.
C)Ethical behavior and the growth of market value were positively associated.
D)Organizations with more time spent on ethical behavior have lower accounting returns and slow sales growth.

Question 43

Ethical behavior is influenced by which two major factors?

A)religion and value system
B)terminal and instrumental values
C)level of ethical reasoning and intelligence
D)individual characteristics and organizational factors

Question 44

Acting in ways consistent with one's personal values and the commonly held values of the organization and society is:

A)legal behavior
B)ethical behavior
C)cognitive behavior
D)loyal behavior

Question 45

The process of managing emotions in order to fit the rules of the job would be considered emotional:

A)frustration
B)contagion
C)labor
D)conflict

Question 46

The Science Feature of Chapter 4 provided the results of a study that investigated the implication for an organization where employees may likely suffer emotional dissonance as a result of the emotional labor associated with displaying an emotion that you don't really feel. Results from this study suggest:

A)if customer service representatives have confidence in their ability to fake their emotions, emotional dissonance is not so emotionally exhausting
B)if being authentic with the display of emotions isn't very important, then customer service representatives experience fewer negative consequences to faking emotion
C)the requirement for employees to fake emotions in performance of duties consistent with customer service resulted in poorer customer service, higher turnover of customer service employees, and stronger forms of workplace deviant behavior (WMD)
D)A & B

Question 47

The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion proposes that:

A)persuasion occurs over the routes of message, target, and source characteristics
B)the likelihood that an attitude will change is largely dependent on the amount of time spent attempting to change the attitude
C)attitudinal change is a function of three interactive routes, physical, mental, and visual
D)persuasion occurs over two routes, the central and the peripheral

Question 48

When JetBlue flight attendant Steven Slater ranted and exited the airplane and Serena Williams, playing for the U.S.Open, lambasted a referee causing her to lose the match, they were reflecting:

A)emotional contagion
B)OCB
C)amygdala highjack
D)surface acting emotional labor

Question 49

The Container Store engages in behaviors consistent with CEO Kip Tindell's beliefs that actions should be consistent with certain Foundation Principles. Which of the following is NOT one of the Container Store's foundation principles?

A)Employees are your number one stakeholders
B)One great employee equals three good employees
C)An air of excitement makes "fun" a part of the culture
D)Support employees in order to allow them to be productive, reward that productivity, and remember that customers are ultimately our primary concern

Question 50

The three major aspects of the source characteristic affecting persuasion include:

A)expertise, credibility, charisma
B)credibility, charisma, attractiveness
C)expertise, charisma, attractiveness
D)expertise, trustworthiness, attractiveness

Question 51

To understand how attitudes can change, it is necessary to understand that the characteristics which affect the persuasion process include:

A)source, intended, and message characteristics
B)source, directed, and message characteristics
C)source, intended, and directed characteristics
D)source, target, and message characteristics

Question 52

Emotional intelligence refers to the:

A)ability to recognize and mange emotions in oneself and in others
B)ability to control feelings and expression of emotions in the workplace and is a type of emotion regulation
C)dynamic process through which the emotions of one person are transferred to another either consciously or unconsciously through non-verbal channels
D)ability to recognize whether a central or peripheral route to persuasion would be more useful in persuading individuals to change their attitude

Question 53

The two major cognitive routes to persuasion include:

A)the direct and central
B)the direct and peripheral
C)the central and circular
D)the central and peripheral

Question 54

In a recent study conducted by the Ethics Resource Center in Washington, D. c., what percent of the responding employees said they had witnessed ethical misconduct in the past year?

A)50%
B)33%
C)25%
D)15%

Question 55

Which of the following qualities has NOT been suggested as important to making ethical decisions?

A)competence to identify issues
B)self-confidence to seek out different opinions
C)tough-mindedness
D)commitment

Question 56

A flight attendant who is expected to act cheerful and happy as a part of the job would likely experience:

A)emotional deviance
B)positive emotional contagion
C)emotional labor
D)an increase in emotional intelligence

Question 57

Discrete and fairly short-lived feelings with a specific, known cause defines:

A)emotions
B)moods
C)attitudes
D)emotional contagion

Question 58

The actor Charlie Sheen of "Two and a Half Men" best reflected which of the following types of behaviors when he went on a highly publicized rant against the show?

A)WDB
B)OCB
C)MSQ
D)JDI

Question 59

Jim is a salesperson who focuses on nonverbal cues when working with a client. Jim will be more successful if he:

A)appears eager when the client appears eager
B)appears subdued when the client is more eager
C)focuses on message content rather than nonverbal cues
D)presents the positive consequences of purchasing his product

Question 60

A common way for corporations to encourage employees to behave ethically is to:

A)set examples of employees who behave unethically by terminating them
B)prosecute unethical employees
C)issue a code of ethics and train employees in the ethics of conducting business
D)administer annual ethics tests to employees

Question 61

Recent research found four values exerted the most influence on job choice decisions.Which of the following was not one of those values?

A)achievement
B)concern for others
C)fairness
D)pay

Question 62

In Stage 6 of Kohlberg's cognitive moral development model, individuals:

A)obey rules to avoid punishment
B)control others
C)focus on the expectations of others
D)follow self-selected ethical principles

Question 63

High-Mach persons are better at:

A)cheating
B)accepting orders from others
C)behaving ethically
D)building strong interpersonal relationships

Question 64

What type of work culture would you most likely find in Iran?

A)individualist culture
B)work culture based on task accomplishment
C)work culture based on contributions to loyalty
D)collectivist culture

Question 65

The acronym ABC in the ABC Model stands for attitude, behavioral intention, and commitment.

Question 66

The greater the attitude specificity, the stronger an attitude linkage to behavior.

Question 67

The goals to be achieved, or the end states of existence, are called:

A)instrumental values
B)terminal values
C)lifelong values
D)permanent values

Question 68

High-Machs:

A)believe that any means justify the desired ends
B)accept authority better than low-Machs
C)exhibit very strong corporate loyalty
D)are easily manipulated by others

Question 69

According to research on Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development, individuals at higher development stages are:

A)more likely to cheat
B)more likely to put expediency before ethics
C)not able to distinguish right from wrong
D)more likely to engage in whistle-blowing

Question 70

Which of the following is not an instrumental value?

A)helpfulness
B)independence
C)self-respect
D)courage

Question 71

An enduring belief that a particular behavior or end state of existence is preferred is known as a/an:

A)message
B)value
C)ethic
D)attitude

Question 72

The longer the time between measuring an attitude and observing behavior, the weaker the relationship of an attitude with observed behavior.

Question 73

Which of the following work values is LEAST relevant to individuals?

A)honesty
B)fairness
C)concern for others
D)professionalism

Question 74

Low-Mach persons value:

A)loyal and personal friendships
B)the "get it done anyway" mentality
C)manipulation of others
D)emotional detachment

Question 75

A personality characteristic indicating one's willingness to do whatever it takes to get one's own way is considered:

A)low in cognitive moral development
B)Machiavellian
C)a high self-monitor
D)someone who has a strong external locus of control

Question 76

All of the following are considered terminal values except:

A)wisdom
B)achievement
C)self-control
D)equality

Question 77

Japanese workers display complete loyalty to their employers; family and personal loyalties are very important for Americans; and Koreans value:

A)loyalty to the labor union
B)loyalty to the person for whom one works
C)the loyalty of customers
D)loyalty to one's occupation or profession

Question 78

Which of the following statements is most correct?

A)Locus of control has little to do with ethical behavior.
B)Other people control persons who are strong on internal locus of control.
C)Persons with an internal locus of control make more ethical decisions than others.
D)Individuals with an internal locus of control are more likely to exhibit uncontrollable behavior.

Question 79

A legitimate criticism of Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development includes:

A)individuals do not appear to go through stages
B)maturity has not been found to be related to moral development
C)the model does not take gender differences into account
D)the fact that women and men face different moral dilemmas

Question 80

Persons with an internal locus of control:

A)believe that fate affects their circumstances
B)accept others controlling them
C)take personal responsibility for their situation and the consequences of their behavior
D)can easily succumb to social and peer pressure