Deck 5: The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Question 1

Of the three primary forms of subaerial volcanoes,____________ consist of a simple,conical pile of tephra.

A) stratovolcanoes
B) cinder cones
C) shield volcanoes

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Basaltic lavas ____________.

A) contain more iron and magnesium than rhyolitic lavas
B) contain more silica than rhyolitic lavas
C) are more viscous than rhyolitic lavas
D) contain a greater proportion of trapped volatiles than rhyolitic lavas

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In 79 C.E.,the citizens of Pompeii in the Roman Empire were buried by pyroclastic debris derived from an eruption of ____________.

A) Mt. Olympus
B) Olympus Mons
C) Mt. Vesuvius
D) Mt. St. Helens

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Of the three primary forms of subaerial volcanoes,____________ are the largest in area.

A) stratovolcanoes
B) cinder cones
C) shield volcanoes

Question 5

In 1902,a famous,deadly volcaniclastic flow killed thousands of people on the Caribbean island of ____________.

A) Puerto Rico
B) Martinique
C) Aruba
D) Jamaica

Question 6

Of the three primary forms of subaerial volcanoes,____________ consist of alternating layers of tephra and solidified lava.

A) stratovolcanoes
B) cinder cones
C) shield volcanoes

Question 7

Most terrestrial volcanic glass ____________.

A) is highly silicic in composition
B) is coarse-grained
C) consists of microscopic crystals
D) freezes from lavas with low viscosity

Question 8

Pillow lavas are associated with ____________.

A) continental rhyolitic eruptions
B) continental basaltic eruptions
C) submarine rhyolitic eruptions
D) submarine basaltic eruptions

Question 9

A fast-moving flow consisting of a mixture of water and volcaniclastic debris is termed a ____________.

A) lahar
B) glowing avalanche
C) flood basalt
D) stratovolcano

Question 10

Rhyolitic lavas ____________.

A) do not flow as far from the vent as basaltic lavas do
B) cool much more slowly than basaltic lavas do
C) are associated with volcanoes that almost never emit pyroclastic debris
D) all of the above

Question 11

The smoky cloud that rises from the vent of an actively erupting volcano is composed of ____________.

A) smoke from wildfires inside the volcanic chimney
B) smoke from wildfires on the outer slopes of the volcano that become funneled into the crater
C) fine volcaniclastic debris (ash) suspended in the air
D) a continuous fountain of dark, basaltic lava

Question 12

Of the three primary forms of subaerial volcanoes,____________ have the most gently sloping sides,due to the low viscosity of the basaltic lavas which form them.

A) stratovolcanoes
B) cinder cones
C) shield volcanoes

Question 13

Explosive or voluminous eruptions may cause the volcano to collapse on the floor of the (now empty)magma chamber,producing a broad depression termed a ___________.

A) crater
B) lahar
C) caldera
D) fissure

Question 14

The lithification of material from a pyroclastic flow forms a rock called ___________.

A) metabasalt
B) ignimbrite
C) migmatite
D) tuff

Question 15

Basaltic lavas that solidify at the surface before flow ceases fracture irregularly,producing a sharp-surfaced lava rock named ____________.

A) pahoehoe
B) a'a'
C) pumice
D) hyaloclasite

Question 16

Ash,cinders,and blocks are all types of ____________.

A) volcaniclastic debris
B) lava flows
C) Pelé's hair
D) volcanoes

Question 17

The difference between tephra and tuff is that ____________.

A) tephra is created in ash falls, whereas tuff is created in pyroclastic flows
B) tephra is unlithified, whereas tuff is lithified
C) tephra is always silicic, whereas tuff is always basaltic
D) all of the above

Question 18

Pahoehoe ____________.

A) forms when basaltic lava flows cease flowing and solidify simultaneously
B) has a smoother texture than a'a'
C) is easier to walk on than a'a' is
D) all of the above

Question 19

Gases that are abundantly emitted by volcanoes include ____________.

A) water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide
B) oxygen, ozone, and water vapor
C) oxygen, hydrogen, and neon
D) carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen

Question 20

Pelé's hair ____________.

A) consists of thin strands of basaltic pyroclastic debris
B) acquires aerodynamic torpedo-like shapes during flight out of the volcanic vent
C) forms only at the leading edge of basaltic lava flows
D) was instrumental in scoring the winning goal to defeat Uruguay in the 1958 World Cup finals

Question 21

As compared to subaerial basaltic lavas,submarine basaltic lavas differ in that they ____________.

A) always produce violent pyroclastic debris flows
B) produce large crystals of pyroxene and plagioclase
C) form pillow-like mounds because they cannot flow as far from their source
D) all of the above

Question 22

Mt.St.Helens killed a geologist studying the volcano because ____________.

A) the geologist disregarded orders to keep a safe distance from the vent
B) the eruption produced a greater volume of ash than anyone predicted
C) a landslide produced a lateral blast of volcaniclastic debris that no one anticipated
D) lahars swept down all sides of the volcano and buried all towns within 100 km

Question 23

The Hawaiian island chain is an example of a(n)____________.

A) island volcanic arc
B) continental volcanic arc
C) hot-spot island chain
D) stratovolcanic assembly

Question 24

Of the three primary forms of subaerial volcanoes,____________ are sometimes referred to as "composite volcanoes."

A) stratovolcanoes
B) cinder cones
C) shield volcanoes

Question 25

Iceland rises above the Atlantic Ocean as a result of ____________.

A) normal mid-ocean ridge activity
B) a submarine hot spot located within the interior of a plate
C) a submarine hot spot located along a mid-ocean ridge
D) subduction of an oceanic plate underneath the continental Eurasian Plate

Question 26

Olympus Mons,the largest known volcano in the Universe,is found on ___________.

A) Earth
B) Mars
C) Neptune
D) Io, a moon of Jupiter

Question 27

Which national park is home to a large volcanic caldera formed through a very large explosive eruption 630,000 years ago?

A) Acadia
B) Carlsbad Caverns
C) Great Smoky Mountains
D) Yellowstone

Question 28

Mt.Fuji in Japan is an example of a ____________.

A) stratovolcano
B) cinder cone
C) shield volcano

Question 29

All volcanic eruptions pass through the crater at the volcanic summit.

Question 30

The greatest hazard to human life associated with volcanoes is ____________.

A) flowing lava
B) volcanic gas
C) falling ash
D) pyroclastic flows

Question 31

Nonviolent eruptions characterized by extensive flows of basaltic lava are termed ____________.

A) pyroclastic
B) effusive
C) explosive

Question 32

Hot-spot volcanoes ____________.

A) can arise from the ocean floor
B) can arise on continents
C) may arise in the interior of lithospheric plates
D) all of the above

Question 33

The eruption of Mt.St.Helens in 1980 was the greatest explosive eruption in the last two hundred years of world data.

Question 34

Olympus Mons,the largest known volcano in the Universe,is an example of a ____________.

A) stratovolcano
B) cinder cone
C) shield volcano

Question 35

At continental rifts,vast bodies of basaltic lava flow forth from fissures,forming ____________.

A) flood basalts
B) pyroclastic flows
C) ash-fall tuffs

Question 36

Whether an eruption will primarily produce lava flows or pyroclastic debris is influenced by ____________.

A) the viscosity of the lava
B) the composition of the lava
C) the proportion of volatiles within the lava
D) all of the above

Question 37

What was unusual about the 1986 disaster around Lake Nyos in Cameroon? A A volcanic eruption involved a lateral blast of volcaniclastic debris that no one anticipated.

A) Pyroclastic flows buried surrounding villages, reminiscent of the burial of Pompeii 1900 years earlier.
B) Volcanically derived carbon dioxide gas bubbled from the lake and suffocated people and animals nearby.
C) A slurry of lava and lake water flowed rapidly outward from the lake and buried surrounding villages.

Question 38

Hawaiian-style effusive eruptions are a greater threat to property than to human life.

Question 39

One of the reasons volcanic eruptions are so deadly is that there is no way to predict where an eruption will occur in the near future.

Question 40

The hot-spot track associated with the Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamounts ____________.

A) shows that the Pacific Plate has been stationary over the last 30 million years
B) occurs along a divergent plate boundary
C) occurs along a convergent plate boundary
D) shows that the Pacific Plate has been moving northwest for the last 30 million years