Deck 25: An Introduction to Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Question 1

What circumstance is likely to produce depositional landforms?

A) flash flooding of a river in the desert
B) a river flowing out of a lake
C) a river entering a large body of water
D) ocean waves crashing on the beach

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What would an area experiencing erosion look like compared to one experiencing deposition?

A) deep valleys or canyons versus large flat, open areas
B) large sand dunes versus large open bodies of water
C) rolling hills versus steep peaks
D) large, dry flatlands versus deep river channels.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What process created the terrace that forms the cliff in the picture below?

A) subsidence
B) deposition
C) uplift
D) relief

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following mountain ranges is likely composed of soft material?
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

A) Figure 1
B) Figure 2
C) Figure 3
D) Figure 4

Question 5

Which of the following does NOT affect landscape development?

A) distance from source
B) climate in the area
C) amount of time
D) amount of erosion

Question 6

What type of landforms might you expect to find if the climate in an area is very warm and wet?

A) valleys
B) glacial hills
C) mesas
D) sand dunes

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the hydrologic cycle?

A) the movement of water through the ground to form aquifers
B) the cycle that water passes through when going from solid to liquid to gas
C) the circular motion due to density differences created when water boils
D) the movement of Earth's water through a series of reservoirs

Question 8

If the area contains several small hills each with base elevation of 2,105 ft and summit elevations of 2,345 ft,2,456 ft,and 2,565 ft,what is the maximum relief in the area?

A) 220 ft
B) 460 ft
C) 2,565 ft
D) 2,105 ft

Question 9

If erosion is occurring in an area of weak rock,what would you expect the landscape to look like?

A) gentle hills
B) steep cliffs
C) uplifted terraces
D) deep canyons

Question 10

What is the ultimate control of the development of the landscape in the following picture?

A) climate
B) animal activity
C) time
D) relief

Question 11

The following is a picture of a landform on Mars.What feature in this picture indicates that Mars may have had running water some time in the past?

A) deeply cut channels formed by a flowing river
B) large sandbars likely formed by a sediment-choked river
C) depressions formed during collapse of sinkholes
D) a large flat expanse of land, likely a river floodplain

Question 12

The difference in elevation in an area is called ____________.

A) erosion
B) deposition
C) relief
D) landform

Question 13

Landforms built by an accumulation of sediment are called ___________ landforms.

A) erosional
B) depositional
C) mechanical
D) glacial

Question 14

The Sierra Nevada Mountains in California are composed almost entirely of granite; what do you expect the landscape to look like?

A) steep peaks and cliffs
B) gentle hills and valleys
C) large expanses of flatlands
D) open floodplains

Question 15

If two valleys are composed of the exact same type of material and under the exact same climactic conditions,what would the older valley look like compared to the younger?

A) The older valley would have steep sides, the younger would have gentle sides.
B) The younger valley would have steep sides, the older would have gentle sides.
C) The older valley would contain many more depositional features than the younger.
D) The younger valley would contain many more depositional features than the older.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an example of a landform?

A) mesa
B) valley
C) water
D) dune

Question 17

How does climate affect landscape development?

A) controls the composition of the substrate
B) controls the amount of water available on Earth
C) controls the resistance of the sediments deposited
D) controls the amount of running water or ice

Question 18

Why does some life activity strengthen the substrate while others weaken it?

A) Burrowing creatures distribute stronger soil around, while plants digest and weaken soil.
B) Burrowing creatures distribute stronger soil around, while plant roots wedge soil apart.
C) Plant roots help anchor soil, while burrowing into or mining out soil weakens it.
D) Some organisms secrete a binding agent in the soil, while plants digest and weaken soil.

Question 19

If an area experiences uplift it will form a _____________,if it experiences subsidence it will form a _______________.

A) depression; mountain
B) mountain; depression
C) valley; mesa
D) basin; mountain

Question 20

Why do scientists believe there was once liquid water on Mars?

A) Depositional landforms are seen on Mars, but not erosional landforms.
B) Landforms such as river channels and sandbars are seen on Mars.
C) Large depressions are seen on Mars that were once large lakes.
D) There has been evidence of marine life found in the rocks on Mars.

Question 21

Water can remain in the ground as groundwater for up to 10,000 years.This is called the __________.

A) aquifer storage
B) groundwater flow rate
C) residence time
D) transfer time

Question 22

How does water get from the atmosphere into the groundwater system?

A) Precipitation falls into rivers and then flows downriver into the groundwater system.
B) Precipitation falls on the ground and infiltrates into the ground surface to fill pores and fractures.
C) Water from the ocean is sucked up into the groundwater system due to a pressure difference.
D) Plants secrete water into the groundwater system in a process called evapotranspiration.

Question 23

Which progression best describes how water goes from the ocean to a river?

A) evaporation à precipitation à infiltration into the ground
B) evaporation à precipitation à runoff
C) evaporation à precipitation à evapotranspiration
D) evapotranspiration à runoff à precipitation

Question 24

Why is understanding the hydrologic cycle so important to understanding how landscapes form?

A) because water has the ability to seep underground and affect the layers of rock
B) because the oceans cover a vast majority of our planet and are a main erosional agent
C) because the rate at which groundwater moves through the subsurface determines erosion rates
D) because water is the main erosional and depositional agent on Earth

Question 25

Below is a digital elevation model of Mars.What process is responsible for creating the Valles Marineris?

A) glacial carving
B) deposition
C) erosion
D) burrowing