Deck 21: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

Question 1

What type of weathering are you likely to find occurring in areas with cold climates?

A) hydrolysis
B) frost wedging
C) salt wedging
D) dissolution

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of material due to _____________.

A) mechanical breakdown of rock
B) baking in the hot sun
C) interaction with molten rock
D) interaction with water or air

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following does NOT affect soil thickness?

A) time
B) types of animals
C) climate
D) vegetation type

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Salt water is the end product of this weathering process.

A) hydrolysis
B) dissolution
C) jointing
D) frost wedging

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of sediment?

A) fragments of shells
B) fragments of rock
C) cemented
D) precipitated crystals

Question 6

Which soil horizon contains the most organic material?

A) A.
B) O.
C) B.
D) E.

Question 7

The zone of leaching is the area in which _______________.

A) weathered bedrock forms a soil horizon
B) organic matter gathers to create a soil horizon
C) minerals are precipitated and added to soil
D) minerals are dissolved and removed from soil

Question 8

Differential weathering occurs when ___________________.

A) none of the layers weather at all
B) layers of rock weather at the same rate
C) layers of rock weather at different rates
D) weathering occurs in the tropics

Question 9

Why does differential weathering occur?

A) Chemical weathering attacks some layers, and physical weathering attacks the others.
B) The cliffs formed by chemical weathering protect the rocks below.
C) Some types of rocks don't weather at all, thus producing cliffs.
D) Different minerals have different resistances to weathering.

Question 10

What type of weathering is shown in the following picture?

A) salt wedging
B) frost wedging
C) dissolution
D) hydration

Question 11

Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?

A) thermal expansion
B) dissolution
C) oxidation
D) hydration

Question 12

What type of weathering process would you expect to find occurring in a cold climate?

A) dissolution
B) salt wedging
C) frost wedging
D) oxidation

Question 13

What type of weathering has happened to the rocks in the picture?

A) hydrolysis
B) hydration
C) dissolution
D) oxidation

Question 14

Which type of weathering process is happening to materials when they rust?

A) hydrolysis
B) hydration
C) oxidation
D) dissolution

Question 15

Hydration occurs when __________________.

A) minerals are dissolved into water
B) minerals are turned into rust
C) minerals absorb water and expand
D) minerals are removed by frost

Question 16

Why does physical weathering speed up the processes of chemical weathering?

A) Physical weathering requires abundant water, as does chemical weathering.
B) Physical weathering produces fresh surfaces for chemical weathering to attack.
C) Chemical weathering can only occur on small surfaces, not large ones.
D) Chemical weathering requires salt, which is provided by salt wedging.

Question 17

The following is a picture of what type of phenomenon?

A) jointing
B) differential weathering
C) chemical weathering
D) hydration

Question 18

Dissolution occurs when __________________.

A) minerals are dissolved into water
B) minerals are turned into rust
C) minerals absorb water and expand
D) minerals are removed by frost

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT sediment?

A) Figure A
B) Figure B
C) Figure C
D) Figure D

Question 20

What type of weathering are you most likely to find occurring on the coast?

A) dissolution
B) thermal expansion
C) salt wedging
D) root wedging

Question 21

The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was created by what phenomenon?

A) increased rainfall
B) lack of vegetation
C) increased wind storms
D) differential weathering

Question 22

Why does the C-horizon contain little to no organic material?

A) Water doesn't penetrate that far into the ground.
B) The C-horizon contains toxins from the bedrock.
C) Plants and animals do not live that far down.
D) The C-horizon is saturated with water.

Question 23

If the climate in an area has very little rainfall,what would the characteristics of the soil in the area be?

A) thick, with a lot of organic material
B) thin, with a lot of organic material
C) thick, with very little organic material
D) thin, with very little organic material

Question 24

Which soil horizon contains weathered bedrock that has not yet undergone leaching?

A) O.
B) A.
C) E.
D) B.

Question 25

Which soil horizon is the most important to farmers for planting crops?

A) O.
B) A.
C) E.
D) B.