Deck 6: Gingival Diseases

Question 1

Hormone-induced gingivitis is characterized by both cellular proliferation and vascular proliferation and fragility.This form of gingivitis does not respond to improved plaque biofilm control.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Answer 1

The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.

Question 2

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)is a gingival disease associated with specific organisms.It is more accurately considered a form of aggressive periodontal disease.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Answer 2

Both statements are TRUE.

Question 3

Gingivitis may occur when the patient is undergoing stressful situations.Treatment by the dental hygienist will improve the clinical situation,but it may not completely heal until the stressful situation is resolved.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Answer 3

Both statements are TRUE.

Question 4

Plaque traps result in increased accumulation of dental plaque biofilm in specific areas.They also contribute to the development of gingivitis.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Question 5

What histologic changes have taken place in the anterior sextants?

A) Gingival fluid flow is increased.
B) The connective tissue is engorged with inflammatory cells.
C) The capillaries in the gingiva are leaking cells into the surrounding tissues.
D) All of the above changes have occurred.
E) None of the above changes have occurred.

Question 6

Recession is of significance to the patient for all of the following reasons except one.Which reason is the exception?

A) Exposed root surfaces can decay.
B) Exposed root surfaces can become sensitive.
C) Exposed root surfaces can lead to periodontitis.
D) Exposed root surfaces can be difficult for the patient to clean.

Question 7

Connective tissue hyperplasia in patients who have undergone organ transplantation is related to which of the following medications?

A) Hormones
B) Antibiotics
C) Cyclosporine
D) Antiviral medications

Question 8

A "pregnancy tumor" is a localized area of pyogenic granulation tissue.The pregnancy tumor is a neoplastic lesion.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Question 9

What is the first and major clinical feature of dental plaque-induced gingivitis?

A) Redness
B) Bleeding
C) Drainage
D) Swelling

Question 10

Gingivitis that is associated only with dental plaque biofilm is related to the amount of plaque biofilm and the length of time it has been present on the teeth.The biofilm is considered to be nonspecific.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Question 11

What stage(s)of gingivitis are most likely present in the mouth of DAS?

A) The posterior sextants are stage I, and the anterior sextants are stage II.
B) The anterior sextants are stage I, and the posterior sextants are stage II.
C) The posterior sextants are stage II, and the anterior sextants are stage III.
D) The anterior sextants are stage III, and the posterior sextants are stage II.

Question 12

Healing of gingivitis results in the deposition and maturation of new collagen fibers.The redness and swelling remain.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Question 13

Most fungal infections are caused by Bacteroides species.Patients who are immunosuppressed are at increased risk for developing fungal infections.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Question 14

Microorganisms that make up the plaque biofilm associated with gingivitis are predominantly:

A) Gram-positive
B) Gram-negative
C) Gram-neutral
D) Gram-positive and gram-negative

Question 15

Use the following description to complete the following exercises.
Patient DAS is a 40-year-old woman in excellent health who takes no medications.Clinical examination of the gingival tissues reveals severe redness and shininess that is localized to the anterior sextants.The tissues in those areas also appear rounded and are soft when gently depressed with the side of the periodontal probe.The posterior gingiva is coral pink and firm, with knife-edged marginal gingiva and papillae that fill the interdental spaces.Slight bleeding on probing is localized to the anterior sextants.
The scenario describes which condition of the gingival tissues?

A) Generalized swelling of the tissues is evident.
B) The condition is plaque biofilm-induced gingivitis.
C) The condition is likely to be hormone-induced gingivitis.
D) DAS is a mouth breather, which results in localized inflammation.
E) No gingivitis is clinically evident in the posterior sextants.

Question 16

Which gingival condition is characterized by pain,pseudomembrane,burning mouth,and the inability to eat?

A) Acute leukemia
B) Phenytoin hyperplasia
C) Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)
D) Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

Question 17

Which medication can cause excessive growth of gingival tissues?

A) Nifedipine
B) Phenytoin
C) Cyclosporine
D) Corticosteroid

Question 18

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is significant to the dental hygienist because:

A) The disease resembles aggressive forms of gingival and periodontal disease.
B) The disease resembles NUG, and its presentation includes punched out papillae.
C) Herpesvirus is contagious at the "active" stage of the disease, during which treatment should be deferred.
D) Herpesvirus is less contagious at the "dormant" stage of the disease, during which the patient can be treated.

Question 19

In the experimental gingivitis model,complete healing after the initiation of oral hygiene procedures occurs after approximately how long?

A) 1 day
B) 1 week
C) 10 days
D) 1 month

Question 20

Clinical signs of inflammation will appear approximately how many days after all plaque control measures are discontinued?

A) 5 to 7
B) 7 to 9
C) 10 to 21
D) 21 to 36

Question 21

All of the following statements are true about gingivitis except for one.Which statement is the exception?

A) Gingivitis is inflammation of the gingival tissues.
B) Gingival redness, edema, exudate, and bleeding are signs of gingivitis.
C) Changes in gingival contour may occur with gingivitis.
D) Gingivitis is often painful.
E) All of the above statements are true about gingivitis.

Question 22

Match each of the following conditions with the description of its presentation.
Lichen planus

A)Blistering and sloughing gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition.The epithelium peels away when rubbed (Nikolsky sign), leaving the tissue raw and bleeding.This condition can be very painful and can affect other areas besides gingival tissues.
B)This condition has pronounced hemorrhagic, swollen, and tender gingival tissues that develop over a short period.
C)This gingival reaction to food impaction is localized and painful.Its onset is sudden.
D)This chronic disease affects the skin and mucous membranes of middle-aged adults.The most common form exhibits intraorally as lacy white lines known as Wickham's striae.It has a bumpy appearance.A rare form of this disease exhibits painful, white lesions with raw, red areas.
E)Sloughing of the gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition, leaving a painful, raw, and red surface.This condition affects only gingival tissue.
F)Examples of this condition include burns from hot foods, chemical burns, and cuts.

Question 23

Which of the following can cause gingival enlargement to occur?

A) Reactions to bacterial plaque biofilm
B) Medications
C) Infections
D) Side effects of systemic diseases
E) All of the above

Question 24

_________________________ is the major clinical indicator of gingivitis.

Question 25

Which of the following is an accurate description of healthy gingival tissue?

A) The gingival tissue has a pink-to-coral color.
B) Stippling is visible.
C) The marginal gingiva has a knife-edged pattern.
D) Probing depths are less than 3 millimeters.
E) All of the above are descriptions of healthy gingival tissue.

Question 26

MATCHING
Match each of the following stages of gingivitis with the description of its presentation.
Stage II gingivitis

A)T and B lymphocytes are present, junctional epithelium converts to pocket epithelium, tissue destruction takes place, and pus formation is a result of serum seepage into the tissues and inflammatory cell activity.
B)Damage to both the gingival tissue and the periodontium has occurred.
C)Gingival bleeding, tissue swelling as PMNs appear and engulf bacteria, and subclinical infection occur.
D)Lesions, T-lymphocytes, and white or yellow exudate appear, and tissue is slightly red and swollen.Collagen fibers are destroyed.Stippling disappears, and gingiva appears shiny and bleeds on probing and during brushing and flossing.

Question 27

_________________________ is the most common periodontal disease and may also be the most common disease.

Question 28

MATCHING
Match each of the following stages of gingivitis with the description of its presentation.
Stage I gingivitis

A)T and B lymphocytes are present, junctional epithelium converts to pocket epithelium, tissue destruction takes place, and pus formation is a result of serum seepage into the tissues and inflammatory cell activity.
B)Damage to both the gingival tissue and the periodontium has occurred.
C)Gingival bleeding, tissue swelling as PMNs appear and engulf bacteria, and subclinical infection occur.
D)Lesions, T-lymphocytes, and white or yellow exudate appear, and tissue is slightly red and swollen.Collagen fibers are destroyed.Stippling disappears, and gingiva appears shiny and bleeds on probing and during brushing and flossing.

Question 29

Gingivitis is a disease of the lower socioeconomic class.It is a common belief that everyone's gums bleed.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Question 30

MATCHING
Match each of the following stages of gingivitis with the description of its presentation.
Stage IV gingivitis

A)T and B lymphocytes are present, junctional epithelium converts to pocket epithelium, tissue destruction takes place, and pus formation is a result of serum seepage into the tissues and inflammatory cell activity.
B)Damage to both the gingival tissue and the periodontium has occurred.
C)Gingival bleeding, tissue swelling as PMNs appear and engulf bacteria, and subclinical infection occur.
D)Lesions, T-lymphocytes, and white or yellow exudate appear, and tissue is slightly red and swollen.Collagen fibers are destroyed.Stippling disappears, and gingiva appears shiny and bleeds on probing and during brushing and flossing.

Question 31

Healing of the gingival tissue begins in the epithelial tissue.When homecare is improved or an oral prophylaxis had been provided,the junctional epithelium begins to migrate coronally.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Question 32

Which of the following can exhibit a white lesion in the oral cavity,which,when wiped off,exposes raw tissue underneath; which of the following can also appear as a red line at the gingival margin of each tooth or as a redness with white patches on the gingiva,which,when wiped off,exposes raw,red tissue underneath?

A) Candida albicans
B) Herpetic gingivostomatitis
C) Gingival hyperplasia
D) Lichen planus

Question 33

Which is the most common form of gingivitis found in the general population?

A) Plaque-associated gingivitis
B) Plaque biofilm-induced gingivitis modified by local contributing factors
C) Gingival diseases modified by systemic factors
D) Endocrine-influenced gingival disease

Question 34

The disappearance of stippling occurs during which stage of gingivitis?

A) Stage I
B) Stage II
C) Stage III
D) Stage IV

Question 35

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with hemorrhagic and swollen gingiva,which rapidly progresses to advanced periodontitis with extensive bone loss and loose teeth?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B1
C) Vitamin B6
D) Vitamin C
E) Vitamin D3

Question 36

Recession of the gingiva refers to the condition of the tissue.Recession occurs only with periodontitis.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Question 37

Match each of the following conditions with the description of its presentation.
Acute leukemia

A)Blistering and sloughing gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition.The epithelium peels away when rubbed (Nikolsky sign), leaving the tissue raw and bleeding.This condition can be very painful and can affect other areas besides gingival tissues.
B)This condition has pronounced hemorrhagic, swollen, and tender gingival tissues that develop over a short period.
C)This gingival reaction to food impaction is localized and painful.Its onset is sudden.
D)This chronic disease affects the skin and mucous membranes of middle-aged adults.The most common form exhibits intraorally as lacy white lines known as Wickham's striae.It has a bumpy appearance.A rare form of this disease exhibits painful, white lesions with raw, red areas.
E)Sloughing of the gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition, leaving a painful, raw, and red surface.This condition affects only gingival tissue.
F)Examples of this condition include burns from hot foods, chemical burns, and cuts.

Question 38

MATCHING
Match each of the following stages of gingivitis with the description of its presentation.
Stage III gingivitis

A)T and B lymphocytes are present, junctional epithelium converts to pocket epithelium, tissue destruction takes place, and pus formation is a result of serum seepage into the tissues and inflammatory cell activity.
B)Damage to both the gingival tissue and the periodontium has occurred.
C)Gingival bleeding, tissue swelling as PMNs appear and engulf bacteria, and subclinical infection occur.
D)Lesions, T-lymphocytes, and white or yellow exudate appear, and tissue is slightly red and swollen.Collagen fibers are destroyed.Stippling disappears, and gingiva appears shiny and bleeds on probing and during brushing and flossing.

Question 39

Which stage of gingivitis involves an acute inflammatory response,characterized by dilation of the blood vessels and increased blood flow with clear gingival fluid?

A) Stage I
B) Stage II
C) Stage III
D) Stage IV

Question 40

Gingival healing first takes place in the _________________________.

Question 41

Match each of the following conditions with the description of its presentation.
Desquamative gingivitis

A)Blistering and sloughing gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition.The epithelium peels away when rubbed (Nikolsky sign), leaving the tissue raw and bleeding.This condition can be very painful and can affect other areas besides gingival tissues.
B)This condition has pronounced hemorrhagic, swollen, and tender gingival tissues that develop over a short period.
C)This gingival reaction to food impaction is localized and painful.Its onset is sudden.
D)This chronic disease affects the skin and mucous membranes of middle-aged adults.The most common form exhibits intraorally as lacy white lines known as Wickham's striae.It has a bumpy appearance.A rare form of this disease exhibits painful, white lesions with raw, red areas.
E)Sloughing of the gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition, leaving a painful, raw, and red surface.This condition affects only gingival tissue.
F)Examples of this condition include burns from hot foods, chemical burns, and cuts.

Question 42

Match each of the following conditions with the description of its presentation.
Mucous membrane pemphigoid

A)Blistering and sloughing gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition.The epithelium peels away when rubbed (Nikolsky sign), leaving the tissue raw and bleeding.This condition can be very painful and can affect other areas besides gingival tissues.
B)This condition has pronounced hemorrhagic, swollen, and tender gingival tissues that develop over a short period.
C)This gingival reaction to food impaction is localized and painful.Its onset is sudden.
D)This chronic disease affects the skin and mucous membranes of middle-aged adults.The most common form exhibits intraorally as lacy white lines known as Wickham's striae.It has a bumpy appearance.A rare form of this disease exhibits painful, white lesions with raw, red areas.
E)Sloughing of the gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition, leaving a painful, raw, and red surface.This condition affects only gingival tissue.
F)Examples of this condition include burns from hot foods, chemical burns, and cuts.

Question 43

Although significant damage occurs during stage III gingivitis,the condition is reversible if the bacterial plaque biofilm is regularly removed.

Question 44

No one is genetically resistant to plaque biofilm-induced gingivitis.

Question 45

Gingivitis can involve all of the attached gingival tissues,including connective tissue attachment loss.

Question 46

Gingivitis is irreversible.

Question 47

Women who are taking oral contraceptives or who are on hormone replacement therapy can exhibit gingival changes similar to pregnancy gingivitis.

Question 48

Gingivitis is directly proportional to the amount of plaque biofilm present on the teeth and the amount of time it remains undisturbed.

Question 49

Match each of the following conditions with the description of its presentation.
Foreign body reactions

A)Blistering and sloughing gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition.The epithelium peels away when rubbed (Nikolsky sign), leaving the tissue raw and bleeding.This condition can be very painful and can affect other areas besides gingival tissues.
B)This condition has pronounced hemorrhagic, swollen, and tender gingival tissues that develop over a short period.
C)This gingival reaction to food impaction is localized and painful.Its onset is sudden.
D)This chronic disease affects the skin and mucous membranes of middle-aged adults.The most common form exhibits intraorally as lacy white lines known as Wickham's striae.It has a bumpy appearance.A rare form of this disease exhibits painful, white lesions with raw, red areas.
E)Sloughing of the gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition, leaving a painful, raw, and red surface.This condition affects only gingival tissue.
F)Examples of this condition include burns from hot foods, chemical burns, and cuts.

Question 50

Match each of the following conditions with the description of its presentation.
Traumatic lesions

A)Blistering and sloughing gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition.The epithelium peels away when rubbed (Nikolsky sign), leaving the tissue raw and bleeding.This condition can be very painful and can affect other areas besides gingival tissues.
B)This condition has pronounced hemorrhagic, swollen, and tender gingival tissues that develop over a short period.
C)This gingival reaction to food impaction is localized and painful.Its onset is sudden.
D)This chronic disease affects the skin and mucous membranes of middle-aged adults.The most common form exhibits intraorally as lacy white lines known as Wickham's striae.It has a bumpy appearance.A rare form of this disease exhibits painful, white lesions with raw, red areas.
E)Sloughing of the gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition, leaving a painful, raw, and red surface.This condition affects only gingival tissue.
F)Examples of this condition include burns from hot foods, chemical burns, and cuts.