Deck 9: Folds, faults, and Geological Maps

Question 1

The San Andreas Fault is a_____ fault.

A)right-lateral strike-slip
B)left-lateral strike slip
C)normal
D)thrust
E)none of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The figure below illustrates what type of fault?

A)normal
B)reverse
C)thrust
D)shear
E)strike-slip

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In the figure below,what is the approximate age of the Grenville Province?

A)1)2-1.0 billion years
B)1)7-1.6 billion years
C)1)8-1.7 billion years
D)1)9-1.8 billion years
E)>2.5 billion years

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_____ is the force acting on a surface per unit area,which may be stronger in some directions than others.

A)Strain
B)Compression
C)Stress
D)Craton
E)Fold

Question 5

According to the figure below,what is the approximate age of the Wopmay Orogeny?

A)1)2-1.0 billion years
B)1)7-1.6 billion years
C)1)8-1.7 billion years
D)1)9-1.8 billion years
E)>2.5 billion years

Question 6

_____ is the difference between the highest and lowest points in a given area.

A)Isostasy
B)Relief
C)Composition
D)Strike
E)Topography

Question 7

A branch of geology that deals with the stresses and strains,the processes that cause them,and the resulting structures is known as _____ geology.

A)structural
B)tectonic
C)deformation
D)isostatic
E)formation

Question 8

In the figure below,what is the age of the Superior Craton?

A)1)2-1.0 billion years
B)1)7-1.6 billion years
C)1)8-1.7 billion years
D)1)9-1.8 billion years
E)>2.5 billion years

Question 9

An elongated region of the crust that has been deformed by continental collision is known as a(n)_____.

A)anticline
B)strike
C)graben
D)axis
E)orogen

Question 10

A _____ map shows the locations,kinds,and orientation of rock units.

A)topographic
B)geologic
C)bathymetric
D)political
E)road

Question 11

Lines of equal elevation are called _____ lines.

A)isostasy
B)basin
C)contour
D)orogen
E)shear

Question 12

A _____ is a fracture in rock along which movement has occurred.

A)tension
B)flanks
C)syncline
D)shear
E)fault

Question 13

_____ deformation is a temporary change in the shape or volume of a rock that rebounds after the stress is removed.

A)Buoyant
B)Ductile
C)Shear
D)Elastic
E)Lateral

Question 14

Which of the following terms best describes a local steepening in otherwise uniformly dipping strata?

A)fold
B)monocline
C)microfractures
D)axis
E)horst

Question 15

According to the figure below,which of the following shows high confining pressure?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)A and C
E)B and C

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a bend or a warp in a layered rock?

A)fold
B)flank
C)fault
D)tension
E)axis

Question 17

Tensional faults are also called _____ faults.

A)thrust
B)left-lateral strike-slip
C)right-lateral strike-slip
D)normal
E)reverse

Question 18

Which of the following terms best describes an area of continental crust that has remained undeformed for a very long time?

A)fault
B)craton
C)relief
D)stress
E)anticline

Question 19

Which of the following geologic structures has the youngest rocks in the middle?

A)syncline
B)anticline
C)fault
D)craton
E)dome

Question 20

In the figure below,which part of the horst and graben structure is bound by normal faults,resulting in a down-dropping?

A)horst
B)graben
C)fault plane
D)tension plane
E)none of the above

Question 21

In the figure below from the Old Red Sandstone,the anticline will have the oldest rocks in the middle.

Question 22

The line where the axial plane intersects the fold is called the axis or hinge.

Question 23

A permanent but gradual change in a rock due to flowing or bending is known as ductile deformation.

Question 24

The compass orientation of a line of intersection between a horizontal plane and a planar feature such as a rock layer or a fault is known as the strike.

Question 25

A topographic map shows the type,structure,and orientation of rock strata present at the surface.

Question 26

Rocks that bend and flow in a ductile manner create _____.

A)folds
B)ruptures
C)horst and grabens
D)uniform stress
E)strike and dips

Question 27

In the figure below from the Old Red Sandstone,the syncline will have the oldest rocks in the middle.

Question 28

In the figure below,the dome structure is synonymous with a syncline.

Question 29

According to the figure below,the sandstone unit is dipping NE at 46º.

Question 30

A fold in a rock forming a trough with the youngest strata in the middle is known as a syncline.

Question 31

Uniform stress is stress that is stronger in one direction than in the other directions.

Question 32

A strike-slip fault is a fault in which the direction of movement is horizontal and parallel to the strike of the fault.

Question 33

The presence of water enhances the ductile properties of rocks.

Question 34

A shear is a stress that acts in a direction perpendicular to the surface.

Question 35

An orogen is an area of continental crust that has remained undeformed for a very long time.

Question 36

The change in the shape or volume of a rock in response to stress is known as strain.

Question 37

A formation is a unit of rock that can be distinguished from units above and below on the basis of geological contacts.

Question 38

A mountainous area can be classified as an area of low relief.

Question 39

The Appalachian Mountains are a good example of anticlines and synclines.

Question 40

A diagram that shows the nature of underground geologic features is known as a _____.

A)topographic map
B)normal fault
C)thrust fault
D)geologic contact
E)geologiccross-section

Question 41

A particular type of stress in which the forces acting on a body are the same in all directions is known as _____.

Question 42

Lines of equal elevation on a topographic map are called contour lines.

Question 43

A stress that is usually associated with spreading centers is known as _____ stress.

Question 44

_____ deformation describes the permanent change in shape or volume formed when the material breaks.

Question 45

A topographic profile shows the nature of geologic features below the surface.

Question 46

A(n)_____ fault is a fault in which the block on top of the fault moves up and over the block of rock below.

Question 47

In the figure below,the axis of the syncline is dipping at _____ degrees.

Question 48

Recognizable boundaries in rock layers are also known as _____.

Question 49

The East African Rift Valley is a series of faults that extend for distances of about _____.

Question 50

Folds are said to be asymmetrical when one limb dips more steeply than the other.

Question 51

The diagram below shows the formation of a(n)_____ fault.

Question 52

In a fold,the sides of the axial plane are called the _____,or limbs.

Question 53

Places where bedrock is exposed at the surface are called _____ by geologists.

Question 54

The diagram below shows a(n)_____or a(n)_____ fault.

Question 55

The figure below shows a(n)_____ fault.

Question 56

The figure below shows a plunging anticline and syncline.

Question 57

Stress that is different in different directions is said to be _____.

Question 58

The tilted anticlines and synclines that form the mountains of Pennsylvania are said to be _____.

Question 59

A(n)_____ fault is a fault in which the block of rock above the fault surface moves down relative to the block below.

Question 60

According to the figure below,the axis of the anticline is dipping at _____ degrees.

Question 61

In structural geology,the upwarping of rocks results in circular features known as_____.

Question 62

On geologic maps,_____ denotes different ages of the strata.

Question 63

Folds that are so overturned they are almost lying flat are said to be _____.

Question 64

Discuss how a topographic map is used in making a geologic map.

Question 65

Explain the difference between strike and dip.

Question 66

Describe the difference between a left-lateral and a right-lateral strike-slip fault.

Question 67

A fold that forms a trough with the youngest rocks in the middle is known as a(n)_____.

Question 68

What is the primary difference between a normal fault and a reverse fault?

Question 69

Describe the differences between a topographic map and a geologic map.

Question 70

Describe the main factors that affect how a rock deforms.

Question 71

Describe the difference between an anticline and a syncline.

Question 72

A stress that exerts equal force in all directions is known as _____ stress.

Question 73

_____ is a stress in that acts in directions parallel to the surface.

Question 74

Explain the horst and graben structures of the Basin and Range Province of the western U.S.

Question 75

What are the differences between elastic,ductile,and brittle deformation?