Deck 3: Culture

Question 1

One of your professors constantly uses the term mankind in place of the term humanity.Why does this annoy you?

A)The relationship between language and gender gets masked.
B)Using the masculine form ignores women.
C)Language becomes objective and standardized.
D)Pronouns that show the gender of the person we expect to be in a particular occupation are missing.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Five interconnected rings appear as an emblem on Olympic promotional material.What would a sociologist refer to the rings as?

A)a symbol
B)a social fact
C)cultural referents
D)values

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to sociologist Ann Swidler,what is a "tool kit of symbols,stories,rituals,and world views,which people may use in varying configurations to solve different kinds of problems"?

A)culture
B)society
C)instincts
D)reflexes

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Gillian argues that there is one,all-powerful god.What aspect of culture is best exemplified by Gillian's argument?

A)norm
B)value
C)belief
D)language

Question 5

What do sociologists refer to as "the knowledge,language,values,customs,and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society"?

A)culture
B)society
C)social organization
D)religion

Question 6

What is one of our most important human attributes?

A)knowledge
B)norms
C)language
D)culture

Question 7

What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis argue?

A)Language imprisons people.
B)Language is common to both animals and humans.
C)Language shapes how speakers view reality.
D)Language is less important than symbols in determining how we view the world.

Question 8

Traveling outside North America or meeting someone from a culture vastly different from our own provides us with opportunities to do what?

A)develop diversity awareness
B)develop a sociological imagination
C)develop language skills
D)develop new gestures and signs

Question 9

If you were to apply the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,which of the following assumptions would you make?

A)Thought and language exist independent of one another.
B)We have thoughts then we express them through language.
C)Language comes before thought.
D)We perceive reality then use language to explain it.

Question 10

When a person sneezes in response to dust particles,it is called what?

A)an instinct
B)a reflex
C)a drive
D)a conditioned response

Question 11

What term would a sociologist use to describe grain elevators,banking pin chips,or training in CPR?

A)industrialization
B)technology
C)material culture
D)nonmaterial culture

Question 12

According to the text,in which of the following would you be participating in material culture?

A)attending a religious service
B)building shelter
C)going to the theatre
D)studying a new language

Question 13

Three sociologists are discussing the relationship between society and culture.What are they likely to conclude about this relationship?

A)Culture and society are both composed of people.
B)Culture,unlike society,seldom generates discord,conflict,or violence.
C)Culture and society are interdependent.
D)Culture can exist without society.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?

A)kindness
B)a train
C)flash drives
D)a cabin

Question 15

Behavioural responses that satisfy needs such as sleep,food,water,or sexual gratification are examples of what?

A)instincts
B)reflexes
C)drives
D)learned behaviours

Question 16

What are customs and practices that occur across all societies?

A)symbols
B)beliefs
C)norms
D)cultural universals

Question 17

You have been asked to give a brief presentation to your Introduction to Sociology class on the acquisition of human culture.What will be the basic message of your presentation?

A)We learn about culture through interaction,observation,and imitation in order to participate as members of a group.
B)We are born with a shared sense of who we are and where we belong.
C)Rules about civility,tolerance,and how to communicate with one another are reflexes,drives,and instincts humans share.
D)Culture comes from the toolkit given to us by nature.

Question 18

Your best friend ends every e-mail to you with the signature :).Which of the following terms best describes her signature?

A)an emotion
B)an emoticon
C)a semicon
D)a sentiment

Question 19

Which of the following terms represents a language-based predisposition to think about women in sexual terms?

A)female
B)babe
C)woman
D)she

Question 20

What is one significant difference between English and many Aboriginal languages?

A)There are many more nouns that have gender in Aboriginal languages.
B)English divides nouns in the animate and inanimate.
C)Many Aboriginal languages have several different pronouns meaning he or she.
D)Many Aboriginal languages are not preoccupied with gender.

Question 21

Why are those who break mores more severely sanctioned than those who don't follow folkways?

A)Because informal norms may be violated without serious consequences.
B)Because breaking a more is universally offensive.
C)Because mores are based on cultural values and are therefore considered to be crucial for the well-being of the group.
D)Because all mores are considered taboos.

Question 22

What kind of norm formally deals with public safety and well-being?

A)a civil law
B)folkways
C)mores
D)a criminal law

Question 23

According to Marx,social leaders use what cultural system to maintain positions of dominance in society?

A)force
B)discord
C)values
D)ideology

Question 24

According to the 2006 Census,what percentage of Canadians are bilingual?

A)under 5 percent
B)approximately 10 percent
C)15-20 percent
D)over 30 percent

Question 25

Suppose you were a conflict theorist.Which of the following statements are you most likely to make?

A)Language is a source of power and social control.
B)Language is an important means of cultural transmission.
C)Language is a way for groups with less power to fight against the dominant group.
D)Language is a stabilizing force in society.

Question 26

What perspective would you be using if you argued that shared language is necessary for a common culture?

A)conflict
B)interactionist
C)functionalist
D)feminist

Question 27

When a person violates a folkway,what is the most likely reaction?

A)an informal sanction
B)a formal sanction
C)a positive sanction
D)a prescriptive sanction

Question 28

Which of the following is the best example of a gender-neutral term?

A)maid
B)actress
C)councilman
D)flight attendant

Question 29

According to the 2006 Census,what percentage of Aboriginal persons reported an Aboriginal language as their first language?

A)5-10 percent
B)11-19 percent
C)20-30 percent
D)over 30 percent

Question 30

Canadians may believe that they are law abiding,but will routinely fail to wear a seat belt or slow down in school zones.What does this demonstrate?

A)A discrepancy between ideal culture and real culture.
B)The difference between Canadians and Americans.
C)The differences between material culture and nonmaterial culture.
D)A discrepancy between cultural universals and value contradictions.

Question 31

Suppose that during a movie,one person begins to talk to the person sitting next to him in an audible tone of voice.A man in another row turns around and says "Keep it down!" What does this illustrate?

A)an informal sanction
B)a formal sanction
C)a taboo
D)a core value

Question 32

Suppose a woman is named "Citizen of the Year" in her home community.What does this demonstrate?

A)a folkway
B)a positive sanction
C)a negative sanction
D)a law

Question 33

What are formal,standardized norms that have been enacted by legislatures and are enforced by formal sanctions?

A)folkways
B)mores
C)laws
D)legislative mandates

Question 34

What are informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture?

A)informal sanctions
B)taboos
C)folkways
D)negative sanctions

Question 35

Which of the following is a taboo found in virtually every society?

A)public urination
B)incest
C)nudity
D)premarital sex

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of the way language may create and reinforce negative perceptions about race and ethnicity?

A)Counter-representations that portray positive images of certain ethnic groups.
B)Overtly derogatory terms popularized in movies,music,and other forms of popular culture.
C)The "voice" of verbs that overemphasize the importance of the activities and achievements of members of minority groups.
D)The "voice" of verbs that underemphasize the importance of the activities and achievements of members of majority groups.

Question 37

A local human rights organization has started a group at your campus.Recruitment coincides with final exams.Which of the following might students who are both academically driven and humanitarian minded experience?

A)conflicted mores
B)value contradictions
C)real culture
D)informal norms

Question 38

What do sociologists call mores that are so strong that their violation is considered to be extremely offensive and even unmentionable?

A)laws
B)taboos
C)negative sanctions
D)formal sanctions

Question 39

Which of the following is the best example of a proscriptive norm?

A)standing during the national anthem
B)giving up your seat on a bus to a pregnant woman
C)wearing clothing
D)texting in class during a lecture

Question 40

A sociologist would refer to specific behavioural expectations of any society as what?

A)prescriptions
B)values
C)codes of conduct
D)norms

Question 41

What is the disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own?

A)culture shock
B)societal disbelief
C)national anomie
D)subcultural shame

Question 42

Who coined the term cultural lag?

A)Emile Durkheim
B)Max Weber
C)William F.Ogburn
D)Karl Marx

Question 43

With regard to the discussion of cultural change in the text,the Apple iPad is an example of which of the following?

A)Cultures tend to remain fairly static.
B)Societies experience cultural change at material levels but remain fairly static at nonmaterial levels.
C)Most technological changes are modifications of existing technology.
D)The pace of technological change has decreased significantly in recent years.

Question 44

What is the process of learning about something previously unknown or unrecognized?

A)invention
B)diffusion
C)discovery
D)cultural advancement

Question 45

North American society can be described as which of the following?

A)homogeneous
B)heterogeneous
C)culturally advanced
D)immigrant threatened

Question 46

Exploration,the media,and tourism assist with what process related to culture?

A)discovery
B)diffusion
C)reorganization
D)rediscovery

Question 47

What are groups that strongly reject the dominant societal values and norms and seek alternative lifestyles?

A)subcultures
B)countercultures
C)contracultures
D)infracultures

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?

A)the Hutterites
B)the flower children of the 1960s
C)the drug enthusiasts of the 1990s
D)Italian Canadians

Question 49

Why are hard-core skinheads considered a counterculture?

A)There are fewer of them relative to other groups in the mainstream society.
B)They focus on views that contradict the norms and values of mainstream Canadian culture.
C)They dress in a clearly identifiable manner.
D)They tend to live on the fringe of society.

Question 50

Which of the following reflects the Hutterites of Western Canada?

A)They believe that communal living is necessary.
B)They attempt to achieve complete isolation from the wider society.
C)They refuse to use any sort of modern machinery or equipment.
D)They are a good example of a counterculture.

Question 51

What is the transmission of cultural items or social practices from one group or society to another?

A)discovery
B)diffusion
C)reorganization
D)rediscovery

Question 52

What do sociologists call a group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviours that differ in some significant way from that of the larger society?

A)a subculture
B)a counterculture
C)a contraculture
D)an ethnic divide

Question 53

When existing cultural elements are reshaped into a new form,what process has occurred?

A)cultural lag
B)invention
C)discovery
D)cultural diffusion

Question 54

If you overhear someone using derogatory stereotypes to ridicule a recent immigrant who stands out in appearance,what are you witnessing?

A)positive ethnocentrism
B)negative ethnocentrism
C)positive cultural relativism
D)high culture

Question 55

Historically,what involved unearthing natural elements or existing realities including fire or the true shape of the earth?

A)invention
B)diffusion
C)discovery
D)cultural advancement

Question 56

Which of the following is based on the assumption that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others?

A)group superiority
B)ethnocentrism
C)the authoritarian personality
D)self-centeredness

Question 57

The popularity of Chinese food in Canada is an example of which of the following?

A)cross-cultural advertising
B)cultural lag
C)cultural diffusion
D)cultural diversity

Question 58

Suppose a person enters a new society and becomes nauseous at the sight of the customs and social environment.What is this person experiencing?

A)societal disbelief
B)cultural shock
C)subcultural shame
D)national anomie

Question 59

What kind of law deals with disputes between persons or groups?

A)civil
B)criminal
C)informal
D)formal

Question 60

What is the gap between the technical development of a society and its moral and legal institutions?

A)cultural diffusion
B)cultural relativity
C)cultural innovation
D)cultural lag

Question 61

What is the belief that the behaviours and customs of any culture must be viewed and analyzed by the culture's own standards?

A)cultural xenocentrism
B)diversity in practice
C)cultural relativism
D)reverse ethnocentrism

Question 62

Terry's focus on her schooling over other activities is best understood as a reflection of what?

A)The strong hold of popular culture.
B)Her attempts to acquire cultural capital.
C)The pressure to succeed in North American culture.
D)Cultural imperialism.

Question 63

What do functionalists argue about popular culture?

A)It serves as the glue that holds society together.
B)It can glorify things like crime,which undermines core cultural values rather than reinforces them.
C)In the form of television and the Internet,it helps integrate recent immigrants into the mainstream culture.
D)It can homogenize long-term residents as a result of seeing the same images and being exposed to the same beliefs and values.

Question 64

Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between high culture and popular culture?

A)People appreciate high culture more than they do popular culture.
B)High culture often requires training to be appreciated and understood,whereas popular culture does not.
C)Popular culture is much less accessible than high culture.
D)High culture is primarily for the upper and middle classes,whereas popular culture is for the lower classes.

Question 65

Which of the following statement best defines culture?

A)A large social grouping that occupies the same geographic territory.
B)A set of ideas,behaviours,and material possessions.
C)An interdependent relationship between nations.
D)A divergent set of worldviews.

Question 66

A team song or camp chant taught to children are forms of which of the following?

A)positive ethnocentrism
B)negative ethnocentrism
C)positive cultural relativism
D)high culture

Question 67

Activities,products,and services that are assumed to appeal primarily to members of the middle and working classes are referred to as what kind of culture?

A)nonmaterial
B)popular
C)high
D)global

Question 68

According to K.S.Jewell,popular cultural images are often linked to negative stereotypes,particularly of Black women.Which is an example?

A)Disney's Princess and the Frog movie
B)Aunt Jemima Pancake advertisements
C)The television show SuperNanny
D)The series Desperate Housewives

Question 69

Using a symbolic interactionist perspective,what does Simmel state about money?

A)Money becomes a means to an end.
B)We are aware of worth based on objective,economic calculations.
C)Intrinsic qualities of sports figures or wealthy entrepreneurs matter more than how much money they make in our assessment of their worth.
D)People create money as a means of exchange but then it acquires a social meaning that extends beyond the economic function.

Question 70

Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu defines high culture as a device used by the dominant class to exclude the subordinate classes.What is this theory?

A)cultural capital
B)functionalist
C)containment
D)social control

Question 71

If you followed social theorist Pierre Bourdieu's cultural capital theory,what would you argue about high culture?

A)It is very often poor in quality.
B)It is something that only the rich can understand.
C)It requires no training or education to understand or appreciate.
D)It is a device used by the dominant class to exclude the subordinate class.

Question 72

Monica is obsessed with Facebook.What sociological concept defines Monica's interactions on social networking sites?

A)object fad
B)idea fad
C)activity fad
D)personality fad

Question 73

Taking school children to the symphony exposes them to what kind of culture?

A)ideal
B)real
C)high
D)popular

Question 74

Being on your favourite social networking site with your friends is participating in what kind of culture?

A)nonmaterial
B)popular
C)high
D)counter

Question 75

Suppose you were a conflict theorist.Which of the following statements would you agree with?

A)Popular culture may be the "glue" that holds society together.
B)Popular culture is created by powerful corporations in the same way that any other product or service is produced.
C)Popular culture may be dysfunctional if it undermines core cultural values.
D)Popular culture may help us temporarily forget the problems we face in everyday life.

Question 76

What does anthropologist Marvin Harris use to explain why cattle,which are viewed as sacred,are not killed and eaten in India,where widespread hunger and malnutrition exist?

A)cultural xenocentrism
B)diversity in practice
C)cultural relativism
D)reverse ethnocentrism

Question 77

Rose's interest in both piercings and the opera demonstrates which of the following?

A)Popular culture and high culture are not easily melded together.
B)Popular culture is more pervasive than high culture.
C)Those who participate in high culture tend to dismiss popular culture.
D)Forms of popular culture and high culture are not mutually exclusive.

Question 78

Some Westerners assume that hunger and poverty in India is caused by cow worship,and would be eliminated if Indians would adapt our practices of slaughtering cattle.What would anthropologist Marvin Harris likely say about such a conclusion?

A)It demonstrates cultural relativism.
B)It is ethnocentric.
C)It shows that we fully understand and accept cultural diversity.
D)It indicates that Canadians are xenophobic.

Question 79

Many people buy products at The Disney Store because they believe in the trustworthiness of the item.This belief has been promoted through marketing to create what sociologist Pierre Bourdieu calls?

A)commodity fever
B)symbolic capital
C)cultural capital
D)popular cultural trust

Question 80

Which statement matches the perspective on culture with the correct theory?

A)Postmodernists demonstrate "reality" is not what it seems and speak of cultures,rather than culture.
B)Conflict theorists highlight how people maintain and change culture through their interactions with others.
C)Functionalists examine the intertwining relationship among race,gender,and popular culture.
D)Interactionists help us see how popular culture promotes consumption of commodities.