Deck 15: Religion

Question 1

Katrin believes in Allah.She is an example of which form of religious faith?

A)theism
B)simple supernaturalism
C)nontheistic religion
D)polytheism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Advocates of evolutionism maintain that their point of view is based on provable scientific facts.In which category would Émile Durkheim classify this?

A)the profane
B)the sacred
C)the scientific
D)the mundane

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Janelle has recently given birth to her first baby.In the hospital room,as her family celebrates the event they bow their heads in prayer.How does this group view birth?

A)as profane
B)as spiritual
C)as sacred
D)as natural

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Jennifer believes that supernatural forces led her to meet her boyfriend.What is this an example of?

A)simple supernaturalism
B)animism
C)transcendent idealism
D)monotheism

Question 5

Sociologist Peter Berger argued that religion gives people security and provides answers to the questions of life.What term did he use to describe this?

A)promised faith
B)profane faith
C)sacred canopy
D)sacred promise

Question 6

Which term would Émile Durkheim use to refer to your new shoes,your paycheque,and your belief in evolution?

A)the profane
B)the anti-spiritual
C)the sacred
D)the mundane

Question 7

In a children's story,a famous thunderstorm that wreaked havoc and damaged the entire town is described by locals as a "mystifying event of nature." In which category of religion do their beliefs belong?

A)transcendent idealism
B)animism
C)theism
D)simple supernaturalism

Question 8

An Aboriginal rain dance is an example of which of the following?

A)a sacred ceremony
B)a rite
C)a ritual
D)a celebration

Question 9

Which term refers to a system of beliefs,symbols,and rituals based on some sacred or supernatural realm that guides human behaviour,gives meaning to life,and unites believers into a community?

A)the Bible
B)religion
C)a cult
D)education

Question 10

At a parent association meeting,some members advocate removing O Canada from the school because of the reference to "God keep our land." Several vocal opponents challenge the proposed change.What does this demonstrate?

A)There is consensus that religions other than Christianity should be incorporated in education.
B)Religious instruction is an essential component of becoming educated.
C)There is no consensus among Canadians regarding the role religion should play in education.
D)In our multicultural society,questions of religion in school are becoming easier to answer.

Question 11

Animism,theism,and simple supernaturalism are all categories of what?

A)theories
B)religion
C)faith
D)science

Question 12

Which statement best reflects the state of parochial schools in Canada?

A)Enrollment in parochial schools has decreased as interest in religion has waned.
B)Parochial schools have flourished,and most religions have established their own schools.
C)Parochial school enrollment is up in some religions but down in others.
D)Enrollment in private schools has overtaken rates in parochial schools.

Question 13

Many Canadians would be reluctant to use a copy of the Bible as a coaster or to swat an insect even though they may use other books in this way.This demonstrates that they view the Bible in which way?

A)as profane
B)as mystical
C)as sacred
D)as ordinary

Question 14

A group of co-workers meet at the local pub for drinks every Thursday night after work to socialize.In which of the following categories does this belong?

A)the profane
B)the spiritual
C)the sacred
D)the mundane

Question 15

Which of the following does not acknowledge specific gods or spirits but focuses on impersonal forces that may exist in people or natural objects?

A)simple supernaturalism
B)animism
C)theism
D)transcendent idealism

Question 16

According to the text,people often act out their religious beliefs in what form?

A)sacred ceremonies
B)rites
C)rituals
D)magical celebrations

Question 17

Josie believes in a single,all-powerful god,while Marisol believes in many gods.Both Josie and Marisol would be classified as which of the following?

A)polytheists
B)simple supernaturalists
C)theists
D)idealists

Question 18

Which statement best defines a theologian?

A)Someone who has studied in parochial university.
B)Someone who believes in the existence of a supernatural being.
C)Someone who studies religious doctrines or belief systems.
D)Someone who is a sociologist who studies religion.

Question 19

Collette has a belief in God without any proof or evidence.Collette exemplifies which of the following?

A)the sacred
B)ritualism
C)faith
D)the profane

Question 20

What term does Émile Durkheim use to refer to those aspects of life that are extraordinary or supernatural?

A)the profane
B)spiritual
C)the sacred
D)values

Question 21

What kind of category of religion is transcendent idealism?

A)polytheistic
B)nontheistic
C)monotheistic
D)masstheistic

Question 22

Which sociological perspective argues that religion tends to promote strife between groups and societies?

A)conflict
B)functionalist
C)symbolic interactionist
D)feminist

Question 23

Max Weber made a link between the rise of capitalism and which of the following?

A)the fall of communism
B)the economic philosophy of Karl Marx
C)the doctrine of conspicuous consumption
D)the religious teachings of John Calvin

Question 24

How does religion help maintain social control in society?

A)by conferring supernatural legitimacy on the norms and laws in society
B)by showing that the norms and laws in society are morally wrong
C)by allowing people to assert their individuality and not feel bound to one another
D)by opposing the dominant social classes

Question 25

According to Émile Durkheim,what is the central feature of all religions?

A)the presence of sacred beliefs and rituals
B)the presence of gods or spiritual beings
C)totems and sacrifices
D)rigid criteria for membership

Question 26

Which of the following religions is polytheistic?

A)Hinduism
B)Christianity
C)Judaism
D)Islam

Question 27

What perspective typically emphasizes the ways in which religious beliefs and rituals bind people together?

A)conflict
B)feminist
C)functionalist
D)symbolic interactionism

Question 28

Horticultural societies were among the first to practise which of the following?

A)simple supernaturalism
B)animism
C)polytheism
D)monotheism

Question 29

Your Introduction to Sociology professor believes that religion,as a social institution,is necessary for the maintenance of society.Whose argument does this most resemble?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Max Weber
C)Talcott Parsons
D)Robert Merton

Question 30

Which statement best summarizes the text's discussion of the functions of religion?

A)All religions have some form of shared experiences that rekindle the group's consciousness of its own unity.
B)Religion has not played an important part in helping members of subordinate groups to develop social cohesion.
C)Religion has been a decisive force among those who have recently migrated to Canada.
D)Religion works against social control in contemporary societies.

Question 31

Suppose you adopt a Weberian stance on religion for a debate in class.Which of the following arguments are you most likely to make?

A)Religion could be a catalyst to producing social change.
B)Religion retards social change.
C)Religion serves no function in society.
D)Religion may serve either a priestly or a prophetic function.

Question 32

Religion and society scholar Wade Clarke Roof studied religious beliefs among baby boomers and found that a number of people had returned to organized religion.Why?

A)They were now parents and wanted to expose their children to organized religion.
B)They needed a forum for rituals such as funerals,weddings,and baptisms.
C)They felt left out in terms of the social networks.
D)They were on a personal quest for meaning.

Question 33

The Hogans have faith in principles of justice,diversity,tolerance,and living the best life they can to reach their potential.Which category of religion do their beliefs reflect?

A)animism
B)theism
C)transcendent idealism
D)simple supernaturalism

Question 34

According to Karl Marx,how does religion unite the masses?

A)by providing a comfort umbrella
B)by providing a false consciousness
C)by providing a silver lining
D)by providing a protestant ethic

Question 35

Bob is skeptical about powerful corporate interests behind the church.To lend support for his argument,on which of the following perspectives should he draw?

A)postmodern theory
B)functionalist theory
C)conflict theory
D)interactionist theory

Question 36

If you were to adopt the views of Karl Marx,what would you argue that the capitalist class uses religious ideology for?

A)to maintain social order
B)to dominate and mislead
C)to promote social harmony
D)to challenge inequality

Question 37

Suppose you have a discussion with a classmate in sociology who has identified himself as a conflict theorist.Which of the following arguments is he likely to make?

A)Religion provides opportunities to challenge social injustice.
B)Religion justifies the status quo.
C)Religion helps people cope with illness.
D)Religion means different things to different people.

Question 38

Why did Marx say that religion united people under a "false consciousness?"

A)Members of the lower classes come to believe they will automatically go to heaven when they die.
B)Members of the lower classes come to believe they have common interests with the dominant class.
C)Members of the lower classes come to believe that their religion will make them happy and fulfilled.
D)Members of the lower classes come to believe that their religion is changing the world for the better.

Question 39

Which of the following functions does religion serve,according to a functionalist perspective?

A)It ensures that all members have a sense of belonging.
B)It offers meaning for the human experience.
C)It guarantees social control.
D)It solidifies social cohesion.

Question 40

After surviving a battle with cancer,Sharon begins to attend church each Sunday.After several months,she develops a renewed sense of who she is and what she can accomplish.How would a sociologist following Durkheim characterize this?

A)The church promotes social cohesion.
B)The church provides social control and support for the government.
C)The church has given Sharon written rules that serve as strict guides for living.
D)The church provides meaning and purpose to Sharon's life.

Question 41

Which statement accurately depicts the representation of women in the ministry in Canada?

A)The United and Anglican churches have significant numbers of female clergy.
B)Aboriginal Canadian religions do not give status to women in spiritual leadership.
C)Reform Judaism has ordained women as rabbis since 2000.
D)The Roman Catholic Church allows women to serve as clergy,providing they are unmarried.

Question 42

Which term is used by some sociologists to refer to cults?

A)new religious movements
B)churches
C)denominations
D)sects

Question 43

According to a feminist perspective,what is important to women concerning religion?

A)determining the amount of discrimination that women face
B)having alternative belief systems for all women,given the patriarchal nature of organized religion
C)promoting gender inclusiveness and women's presence in significant roles in religious institutions
D)penalizing church officials for wrongdoings against women

Question 44

How does a conflict perspective explain the role of religion in reinforcing existing social arrangements?

A)Religion teaches that material success is sinful.
B)Religion teaches that power and privilege are signs of God's disapproval.
C)Religion teaches that if the poor work hard and live a moral life,they will be rewarded in another life.
D)Religion teaches that if the rich work hard,they will be rewarded with earthly possessions.

Question 45

According to the text,which of the following is true of religious terrorism?

A)Most mass genocides were committed in the name of religion.
B)Violent extremism is limited to a few faiths.
C)Only minor religious movements have been linked with terrorism.
D)All the world's major religious traditions have been linked with terrorism.

Question 46

Talisha wears a star around her neck,a special gift from her mother.What is the significance of this,according to a symbolic interactionist perspective?

A)It demonstrates the function of religion.
B)It demonstrates the importance of religious conversion.
C)It demonstrates how religion acts as a reference group.
D)It demonstrates how important family is to the individual.

Question 47

Which of the following research questions would a symbolic interactionist pose?

A)Are powerful interests behind religion?
B)What accounts for discord between religious groups?
C)In what ways do religious teachings and practices enable individuals to achieve their goals?
D)What kind of meaning does religion have in people's everyday lives?

Question 48

What do proponents of the secularization perspective argue?

A)As knowledge becomes more science based,there will be an increasing role for religion.
B)There is a link between modernization and society becoming more secular.
C)As technology increases,the need for organized religion will also increase.
D)Church membership and spirituality are not related.

Question 49

What is one of the most important debates within the sociology of religion?

A)controversies associated with women in the ministry
B)the silence around sexual abuse in the priesthood
C)whether the world is becoming more secular and less religious
D)the influence of the founding fathers on current research

Question 50

Which term refers to a relatively small religious group that has broken away from another religious organization to affirm what it views as the original version of the faith?

A)church
B)subculture
C)sect
D)cult

Question 51

What method did Lofland and Stark use to examine why people converted to nontraditional religious movements?

A)survey research
B)in-person interviews
C)obtrusive methods
D)participant observation

Question 52

The Annual Fall dinner in rural Manitoba is prepared and served by women from the local church.These are the same women who sit in the pews while the male ushers serve Holy Communion.Which of the following feminist ideas does this case exemplify?

A)women in the ministry
B)his religion and her religion
C)men's role in the community
D)the secularization debate

Question 53

Roman Catholicism in Canada,Judaism in Israel,and Hinduism in India would best be referred to as which of the following?

A)cults
B)churches
C)sects
D)denomination

Question 54

Bonnie believes that she has been chosen to be "saved." As such,Bonnie speaks her mind,acts without fear of the consequences,and does not consider how her behaviour affects others.She is an example of which of the following doctrines?

A)eternal salvation
B)determination
C)predestination
D)divine intervention

Question 55

According to Lofland and Stark's theory of conversion,which of the following would be most likely to join a nontraditional religious movement?

A)a happily married woman
B)lottery winners
C)a gay teen
D)a single man

Question 56

Which type of religious organization most closely embodies what Weber meant by the term bureaucracy?

A)a commune
B)a cult
C)a sect
D)a church

Question 57

How would you characterize a Christian cross,if you were to use a symbolic interactionist perspective?

A)Today the cross has lost its meaning because of its commercial use.
B)The cross helps people express themselves and connects them to a larger community of believers.
C)Historically the cross was used by the powerful to exploit the powerless.
D)Children cannot understand the significance the cross has for adults.

Question 58

Alex works hard doing painstaking work on his farm.He is surprised to find that the younger workers he has hired to assist him do not share this value of hard work.Alex exemplifies which of the following ideas?

A)false consciousness
B)the Protestant ethic
C)the Spirit of Capitalism
D)Weber's thesis

Question 59

How do Calvinist religious teachings characterize wealth?

A)as the major reason for religious piety and hard work
B)as an unintended consequence of religious piety and hard work
C)as largely unrelated to religious conviction or effort
D)as shared equally among all people

Question 60

Based on conflict theory,what does the Hindu belief in reincarnation illustrate?

A)reinforcement of the stratification system
B)change in the stratification system
C)nonstratified principles
D)the problems with Calvinist teachings

Question 61

Which term refers to a religious group with practices and teachings outside the dominant cultural and religious traditions of a society?

A)a church
B)a denomination
C)a sect
D)a cult

Question 62

Which statement best summarizes the text's discussion of the future of religion in Canada?

A)Many see much hope in our aging population's ability to increase church attendance.
B)The influence of religion will be evident in ongoing political battles,though it remains to be seen if the organized church will again flourish.
C)Churches are currently finding many new ways of becoming relevant in the daily lives of Canadians.
D)Religion in Canada is clearly becoming more transparent in new expressions of spirituality.

Question 63

Which of the following is a likely outcome of increased religiosity?

A)health benefits
B)reduction in crime and delinquency
C)shorter marriages
D)more sects,cults,and churches

Question 64

Which of the following concepts would explain Canadians drawing on religion to fulfill rites of passage such as baptisms,weddings,and funerals?

A)secular humanism
B)religious consumption
C)secularization
D)religious commitment

Question 65

Among which group has the decline in attendance at religious services been the largest?

A)among seniors
B)among women
C)among younger people
D)among immigrants

Question 66

A Korean electrical engineer who believed that God had revealed to him that Judgment Day was rapidly approaching began a religious movement that became known as the Unification church.What is another name for this?

A)the Moonies
B)the Branch Davidians
C)the Krishna Consciousness
D)the Church of Scientology

Question 67

Which of the following is an example of the influence of secularization on education?

A)a school renaming the Christmas concert as "Winter Celebration"
B)a multicultural focus on various religions during an assembly in December
C)school prayers
D)church-sponsored field trips

Question 68

Which of the following religions has the most denominations in Canada?

A)Sikhism
B)Judaism
C)Protestantism
D)Roman Catholicism

Question 69

What term describes the conservative religious doctrine that opposes intellectualism and worldly accommodation in favour of restoring a traditional otherworldly focus?

A)creationism
B)religious fundamentalism
C)secular humanism
D)divine intervention

Question 70

Jonathan says a prayer every night before going to bed.What term best describes this practice?

A)ritual
B)sacrifice
C)communion
D)sacred symbolism

Question 71

The text points out the blending of strongly held religious and political beliefs in many nations,particularly in the Middle East.What is the cause?

A)religious politics
B)religious nationalism
C)religious corporatization
D)religious dogmatism

Question 72

Where is the blending of religion and nationalism especially relevant?

A)Quebec
B)Western Canada
C)the Middle East
D)the United States

Question 73

Which of the following characteristics is more typical of a sect than a church?

A)Members in sects usually come from upper and middle classes.
B)Worship in sects is formal and orderly.
C)Salvation is granted by God,and administered by the church.
D)It is intolerant toward other religions.

Question 74

Which term does Berger (1967)use to describe the sense of security people derive from religion?

A)religiosity blanket
B)sacred canopy
C)opiate of the masses
D)spiritual shelter

Question 75

In 2001,the General Social Survey reported that attendance at weekly religious services by Canadians had declined to what percentage of Canadians?

A)15 percent
B)20 percent
C)40 percent
D)60 percent

Question 76

Bibby has been researching recent trends in religious practices among Canadians.What interesting paradox has Bibby's recent survey research revealed?

A)While attendance at religious services has increased,most Canadians report no religious affiliation or spiritual beliefs.
B)While attendance at religious services has dramatically declined,most Canadians report some religious affiliation or spiritual beliefs.
C)While many Canadians are on a new spiritual quest,they seek traditional sources of religious guidance.
D)While few Canadians are on a new spiritual quest,they are attending religious services at one main church.

Question 77

Hannah believes in Christ and Buddha.What type of religion does Hannah practice?

A)nontheistic
B)animism
C)polytheism
D)monotheism

Question 78

Engaged couple Jason and Erin are on a spiritual quest hoping to find new meaning in their lives.They infrequently attend Erin's father's Baptist church service and sometimes attend Catholic mass with Jason's parents.They plan to marry in a church.According to Bibby,which term best characterizes their religiosity?

A)spiritual awakening
B)new age religion
C)religious fragments
D)religious conversion

Question 79

Which of the following terms best describes regularly repeated and carefully prescribed forms of behaviour that symbolize a cherished value or belief?

A)religiosity
B)spiritual practices
C)rituals
D)sacred sermons

Question 80

Which of the following terms best describes the belief that plants,animals,or other elements of the natural world are endowed with spirits or life forces that have an impact on events in society?

A)anthropomorphism
B)zoology
C)animism
D)monotheism