Deck 16: Health, health Care, and Disability

Question 1

According to Talcott Parsons' concept of the sick role,what obligations does the sick person have?

A)The sick person must fulfill normal social responsibilities.
B)The sick person must do everything in his or her power to return to a healthy state.
C)The sick person must take the blame for becoming sick in the first place.
D)The sick person must get support from a range of service providers.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is the most inclusive application of medicine?

A)After an accident,a construction worker goes to the emergency room in a local hospital.
B)A family begins a preventive medicine approach,including an exercise program and a healthy eating plan.
C)A general practitioner offers smoking cessation information,diagnoses a patient with lung cancer,and arranges for chemotherapy.
D)A mother takes her son to get vaccinated.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Children with AIDS have been driven from their schools,and the homes of people with AIDS have been burned down by those afraid of getting the disease.Which of the following terms best describes how AIDS is viewed in situations such as these?

A)a chronic illness
B)an acute illness
C)an epidemic
D)a stigma

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following arguments does sociologist Karen Grant make?

A)AIDS is a medical problem.
B)AIDS is an economic concern.
C)AIDS is a social phenomenon.
D)AIDS is a political issue.

Question 5

Patti has risk factors for heart disease,including a family history of heart attack,high blood pressure,and obesity.She began a weight-loss and exercise program three months ago and has lost 24 pounds so far.What is this an example of?

A)homeopathic medicine
B)preventive medicine
C)health care
D)personal care

Question 6

According to the text,which of the following regions has the least number of HIV-positive people?

A)Caribbean
B)Oceania
C)East Asia/Pacific
D)Western Europe

Question 7

Irene has Crohn's disease.She is currently taking five university courses and working part-time.When she has a bout of her illness,she calls in sick for work and stays home from school.To what extent does Irene conform to the sick role?

A)Irene's behaviour challenges the sick role.
B)Irene's behaviour falls short of the sick role.
C)Irene's behaviour is consistent with the sick role.
D)Irene's behaviour is in opposition to the sick role.

Question 8

How does the text define health?

A)the absence of illness and the ability to carry out daily physical functions
B)complete social,physical,and mental well-being
C)being free from disease
D)personal and professional well-being

Question 9

How does the text define preventive medicine?

A)medicine that emphasizes a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent poor health
B)medicine aimed at retarding the onset of disease
C)medicine that tries to prevent health problems from getting worse
D)medicine outside the health care system

Question 10

How many people were infected with HIV in 2007 according to the United Nations estimate?

A)810,000
B)5.5 million
C)10 million
D)33 million

Question 11

What is the leading cause of death in Canada?

A)heart disease
B)cancer
C)lower respiratory infections
D)AIDS

Question 12

Which of the following people come closest to the World Health Organization's definition of health?

A)Derek feels good about himself,both physically and mentally.
B)Parvana enjoys the maximum level of physiological efficiency.
C)Dave is 100 percent free of any symptoms of known (or unknown)diseases.
D)Carrie's balanced life reflects her state of complete physical,mental,and social well-being.

Question 13

According to Talcott Parsons' concept of the sick role,which of the following statements best characterizes the sick person?

A)The sick person is exempt from normal social responsibilities.
B)The sick person has the choice whether or not to return to a healthy state.
C)The sick person is not expected to get well.
D)The sick person is still responsible for meeting social and personal obligations.

Question 14

How does the text define health care?

A)any medically related activity organized by a government
B)any activity that is intended to improve health
C)any activity that is intended to prevent illness
D)any activity that does not cause personal harm

Question 15

According to the text,which area of the world has the largest number of HIV-positive people?

A)sub-Saharan Africa
B)United States
C)Latin America and the Caribbean
D)Western Europe

Question 16

According to critics,to whom of the following is the sick role most applicable?

A)Peter,a 60-year-old man with heart disease
B)Thomas,who is suffering from the measles
C)Brent,who has Type 2 diabetes
D)Jacob,a baby with fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 17

According to Talcott Parsons,what is a sick role?

A)a pattern of behaviour healthy people define as appropriate
B)a pattern of behaviour identified by a medical practitioner for the sick
C)a pattern of behaviour appropriate for when you are under the care of a physician
D)a pattern of behaviour defined as appropriate for people who are sick

Question 18

Which term refers to the institutionalized system for the scientific diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of illness?

A)disease management
B)the hospital system
C)health care
D)medicine

Question 19

According to critics of the functionalist model of health and illness,the sick role places too much blame on what?

A)on the individual
B)on the health care system
C)on the media
D)on the government

Question 20

Martin has been battling flu symptoms and a cold for more than two weeks.He complains to his roommate about how he is feeling,but refuses to follow his doctor's suggestion to stay at home,rest,and focus on his recovery.Which characteristic of the sick role does Martin NOT conform to?

A)The sick person is temporarily exempt from normal social responsibilities.
B)The sick person must want to get well.
C)The sick person should seek technically competent help.
D)The sick person should cooperate with health care practitioners.

Question 21

What was one of the first problems about health and health care that feminist scholars identified?

A)More women than men suffer from illness and disease.
B)Women's life expectancy has been steadily declining over the last decade.
C)Most medical research has centred on males and ignored diseases affecting women.
D)Male doctors outnumber female doctors.

Question 22

What is the conflict approach to health and illness most concerned with?

A)how doctors dominate other health workers and patients
B)how the sick role operates in society
C)how people attach subjective meanings to illness and disease
D)how various illnesses are medicalized

Question 23

With which of the following statements would David Morris agree?

A)Disease,of the mind or body,is solely about biology.
B)Culture is a factor in health.
C)Postmodern culture cares little about health and health-related issues.
D)There is no ambiguity about the nature of most disorders.

Question 24

Which of the following groups has the highest rates of illness and death?

A)the very young and the very old
B)the very old
C)adolescents
D)middle-aged persons

Question 25

What percentage of the Canadian population is currently aged sixty-five or over?

A)under 5 percent
B)between 10 and 15 percent
C)between 16 and 24 percent
D)over 25 percent

Question 26

Eleven-year-old Alia has autism.Her parents cannot afford treatment for her condition and their irregular work hours do not permit them to attend family support programs or access community resources.Consequently,Alia and her family suffer in isolation.From a postmodern perspective,which of the following best describes what process is at work in Alia's situation?

A)ambiguity about the nature of some disorders
B)belief in the perfectibility of the human body
C)culture affecting how we experience illness
D)postmodern culture being fixated on health

Question 27

According to the text,given that women live longer than men,what do many of us often inaccurately assume?

A)Women eat better.
B)Women work less.
C)Women are healthier.
D)Women have less stress.

Question 28

To what does the text attribute reductions in female mortality?

A)menopause
B)an improved health care system
C)medicine
D)preventive measures

Question 29

Which perspective considers the political,economic,and social forces that affect health and illness?

A)functionalist theory
B)conflict theory
C)feminist theory
D)interactionist theory

Question 30

Leanne and John have been trying to get pregnant for five years.They have undergone expensive in vitro treatments in hope of finally becoming parents.Friends,family,and co-workers routinely ask Leanne,"Pregnant yet?" Leanne is left feeling dejected and hurt.How would a symbolic interactionist theorist explain Leanne's reaction?

A)Having a baby is a cultural pressure.
B)Infertility is a stigma.
C)Leanne has failed the mother mandate.
D)Medical treatment is dysfunctional.

Question 31

What is the symbolic interactionist approach to health based on?

A)analyzing how the sick role functions in society
B)the meanings attributed to illness and disease
C)the impact of race,class,and gender on access to health care
D)the role of doctors as gatekeepers in determining access to health care system

Question 32

Today more women have Caesarean sections,are assisted in the birth process by medical technology and drugs,and are more likely to deliver babies in hospitals than thirty years ago.What are these trends an example of?

A)greater attention to women's reproductive health needs
B)the influence of feminism
C)the medical treatment of reproduction
D)the medicalization of women's lives

Question 33

Canadian women who live in rural areas are often unable to obtain adequate prenatal support,pregnancy counselling,or abortion services.How would a conflict theorist approach this problem?

A)analyze dysfunctions of the maternal health care system
B)critique differential access to health services
C)examine medicalization of women's lives
D)illustrate the social construction of reproduction

Question 34

What do Findlay and Miller argue about the transition from women looking after women to the medical profession controlling pregnancy and childbirth?

A)Healing became men's work.
B)Women were expected to work harder during labour.
C)Female medical doctors had to struggle to control reproduction.
D)Women's control over practices of childbirth changed relatively little.

Question 35

Which perspective would focus on the profound effects of medicalization on the practices of mothering,child rearing,and childbirth?

A)functionalist theory
B)conflict theory
C)feminist theory
D)symbolic interactionist theory

Question 36

Which theoretical perspective would best explain street-involved youth who have no ID or health care card and who are more likely than other youth to suffer from acute health problems?

A)postmodernist
B)symbolic interactionist
C)conflict
D)functionalist

Question 37

Which statement best characterizes the medicalization of women's health issues?

A)It benefits women in Canada and the United States.
B)It is based on objective,scientific evidence.
C)It can be highly subjective and does not always serve the interests of women.
D)It does not affect women with biologically normal bodies.

Question 38

What are women's health centres,doulas,and midwives all examples of?

A)the medicalization of childbirth
B)preventive health
C)attempts to demedicalize reproduction
D)a widespread return to traditional women's healing powers

Question 39

Which perspective might make the following claim: If men got pregnant and had babies,then the paternal health system would be much more extensive and effective than the existing maternal health system?

A)symbolic interactionist theory
B)conflict theory
C)postmodernist theory
D)feminist theory

Question 40

Kathleen has been diagnosed with fibromyalgia,which is controversial as there is no scientific consensus on the illness.She has symptoms such as fatigue and pain,which her mother experienced decades earlier but were dismissed as part of her menstrual cycle.Friends are sometimes are skeptical that Kathleen is suffering from a real ailment.Which of the following perspectives would best explain this case?

A)feminist theory
B)symbolic interactionist theory
C)conflict theory
D)postmodern theory

Question 41

On average,what is the life expectancy for men in Canada?

A)83
B)78
C)75
D)72

Question 42

What are Aboriginal healing methods based on?

A)the Western medical model
B)holistic interactions between spirit,mind,and body
C)nurturing and a sick role model
D)old European traditions

Question 43

Which of the following is most likely to note people arguing that Gina is deviant because she is in a wheelchair?

A)a functionalist
B)a symbolic interactionist
C)a postmodernist
D)a feminist

Question 44

How does the text define disability?

A)a crippling,chronic disease that reduces physical capacity
B)a state of mind or psychological viewpoint
C)a physical or health condition that stigmatizes or causes discrimination
D)a visible physical limitation or acute condition

Question 45

Which of the following groups is more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviours,have an inadequate diet,lack knowledge of preventive strategies and services,and have a hazardous job?

A)men
B)young adults
C)the poor
D)women

Question 46

From a sociological perspective,what do many of the diseases affecting Aboriginal peoples result from?

A)inequitable conditions in their communities
B)bad choices as adolescents
C)high-risk lifestyles
D)heredity

Question 47

Which term refers to a sudden significant increase in the numbers of people contracting a disease?

A)an epidemic
B)an illness
C)a tragedy
D)a contagion

Question 48

What is the major contributor to the high rate of illness and disease among Aboriginal peoples?

A)biology
B)poverty
C)inadequate medical facilities
D)traditional health practices

Question 49

How do infant mortality rates among Aboriginal peoples compare to the Canadian average?

A)Aboriginal peoples have half the rate of infant mortality.
B)Aboriginal peoples have 1.5 times the rate of infant mortality.
C)Aboriginal peoples have 3 times the rate of infant mortality.
D)Aboriginal peoples have 4 times the rate of infant mortality.

Question 50

What theory views persons with a disability as members of a subordinate group that opposes those in positions of power in the government,health care industry,and rehabilitation business,because the latter are trying to control their destinies?

A)functionalist theory
B)symbolic interactionist theory
C)conflict theory
D)feminist theory

Question 51

Why are Canada's poor still less healthy than individuals from the middle and upper classes?

A)Medical care cannot compensate for other disadvantages of poverty,such as poor housing or inadequate diet.
B)The poor have longer life spans,so they naturally fall victim to many more illnesses than the middle and upper classes.
C)The poor suffer less stress and as a result do not go to doctors as often.
D)The poor choose not to use preventive strategies,despite being more informed about them than the middle and upper classes.

Question 52

What would a sociologist argue is the best way to reduce the effects of poverty on health?

A)access to fitness centres
B)welfare
C)good health care policy
D)charities and other nonprofit organizations

Question 53

Which of the following led to large-scale serious health problems among Aboriginal peoples?

A)contact with European animals
B)contact with European medicine
C)contact with Europeans
D)the use of alcohol

Question 54

According to the text,which statement best summarizes the relationship between household income and functional health in children?

A)Children from low-income families are more likely to have health problems than children whose families have higher incomes.
B)Children from low-income families are as likely to have health problems as children whose families have middle-class incomes.
C)Children from low-income families are as likely to have health problems as children whose family incomes fall into the upper-class range.
D)Children from low-income families are less likely to have health problems than middle-class children whose parents both work full-time.

Question 55

Terry independently travels around his university campus using the access ramps and elevator and has no difficulty getting to class on time.However,he cannot help but notice other students whispering comments or staring at the place in his wheelchair where his other leg would be.What challenge must Terry confront here?

A)physical institutional barriers
B)economic hardship
C)negative social attitudes
D)inadequate social funding

Question 56

What does the term disability oppression mean?

A)disabled people who take advantage of the nondisabled
B)an inability to engage in gainful employment
C)disabilities that are visible to others,therefore resulting in discrimination
D)barriers that exist for disabled persons in Canadian society

Question 57

Which statement best explains why women have higher rates of disease and disability than men?

A)There is a lack of medical research on women compared to men.
B)Women are more likely to engage in high-risk lifestyles than men.
C)Women are less likely to get medical care than men.
D)The mortality gap has narrowed.

Question 58

Steven is unable to return his library books without assistance from the school librarians because he cannot get his wheelchair down the five steps to the book drop.What would Michael Oliver say is at work here?

A)misunderstanding the limitations of the disabled
B)lack of accommodation
C)prejudice
D)disability oppression

Question 59

On average,what is the life expectancy for women in Canada?

A)83
B)78
C)75
D)70

Question 60

According to the text,why might the Western medical model be ineffective for Aboriginal patients?

A)healing differences
B)cultural differences
C)attitudinal differences
D)economic differences

Question 61

Which preoccupation of conventional medicine is challenged by alternative health care approaches?

A)diseases and injuries
B)the prevention of illness
C)the promotion of overall well-being
D)acute illness

Question 62

Refer to Scenario 1.What kind of strategy would a symbolic interactionist propose to "Citizens for Better Health" to assist them in making a case for their cause?

A)documenting the inequalities in health in the community
B)interviewing community members about the meaning of health and wellness
C)challenging biomedicine
D)identifying the ways in which illness is dysfunctional for the community

Question 63

Which statement best summarizes the text's discussion of disability in contemporary society?

A)Workers in the second tier of the labour market (primarily recent immigrants,white women,and ethnic minorities)are at the greatest risk for certain health hazards and disabilities.
B)Environment,lifestyle,and working conditions are no longer related to either temporary or chronic disability.
C)The extensive use of computers has decreased the incidence of work-related disabilities.
D)Persons with a disability have received preferential treatment in education and employment.

Question 64

What system would involve all citizens receiving medical services paid for through taxation revenues?

A)user-pay system
B)two-tiered system
C)universal health care system
D)medicare health system

Question 65

Which term refers to the requirement that all Canadians be covered for health care on uniform terms and conditions?

A)universality
B)comprehensiveness
C)accessibility
D)portability

Question 66

While on a vacation in Ontario,Manitoba resident Jurgen breaks his leg.He goes to the local hospital and receives health services.Which of the following aspects of health care plans does this case illustrate?

A)universality
B)comprehensiveness
C)accessibility
D)portability

Question 67

Which phenomenon is the rise of tuberculosis among Aboriginal people resulting from early contact with Europeans an example of?

A)mass outbreak
B)epidemic
C)endemic
D)pandemic

Question 68

Margie is hearing impaired.She is routinely ignored and excluded,especially by her peers.According to Susan Wendell,why does this happen to Margie?

A)As a disabled person,Margie is devalued.
B)Our culture aims to bring Margie into the mainstream.
C)Margie is denied opportunities to participate.
D)Societal barriers exist that challenge Margie.

Question 69

Which term refers to the notion that all necessary medical services should be guaranteed,without dollar limit,and should be available solely on the basis of medical need?

A)universality
B)comprehensiveness
C)portability
D)public administration

Question 70

Which of the following is a criticism of the medical model of illness given in the text?

A)It is too limited in scope.
B)It gives doctors too much power.
C)It takes away from health promotion policies.
D)It is degrading to patients.

Question 71

According to UNICEF (2009),how many children under five throughout the world die each year of mostly preventable deaths?

A)approximately 850,000
B)approximately 2 million
C)approximately 9 million
D)approximately 20 million

Question 72

According to your text,what is the best way of reducing the spread of AIDS?

A)Abstinence-based programs are the most effective AIDS prevention method.
B)Being faithful to one partner is the most effective AIDS prevention method.
C)Condom use is a vital component of successful AIDS prevention.
D)Increased funding from faith-based organizations for Ugandans suffering with AIDS.

Question 73

Which of the following is an assumption of the medical model of illness?

A)Illness is a deviation from the normal.
B)Illness is general.
C)Illness is caused by unique social factors.
D)Illness is holistic and abstract.

Question 74

Refer to Scenario 1.What would be most concerning for a conflict theorist about the trend demonstrated in this situation?

A)The subjective component of health and wellness may be lost.
B)Individuals will be blamed for their health problems.
C)Opportunities to access health promotion opportunities will be limited by race,class,or gender.
D)The future of this alternative understanding of health is not yet clear.

Question 75

What does a holistic approach to illness emphasize?

A)the role of isolation
B)the role of biology
C)the role of health care institutions
D)the role of social factors

Question 76

Which term refers to a sudden,significant increase in the numbers of people contracting a disease?

A)pandemic
B)infectious outbreak
C)epidemic
D)medical crisis

Question 77

Josh exercises and takes vitamins every day.What term best describes these practices?

A)preventative medicine
B)health care
C)holistic healing
D)anticipatory medicalization

Question 78

How many mostly poor women from poor countries die each year from complications resulting from pregnancy and childbirth?

A)approximately 1 million
B)approximately 700,000
C)approximately 500,000
D)approximately 200,000

Question 79

The emergency room at an Ottawa hospital is packed;it is standing room only.The intake nurses have patients' charts indicating problems such as bleeding nose,flu symptoms,small laceration on the hand,and laryngitis.What problem does this example describe?

A)overuse
B)lack of efficiency
C)more people with illness and health problems
D)physician neglect

Question 80

Refer to Scenario 1.Which approach to health care does "Citizens for Better Health" strongly support?

A)the medical model of illness
B)Western industrialized medicine
C)preventive medicine and alternatives
D)Aboriginal healing methods