Deck 4: Police Organization and Operation

Question 1

Community-oriented policing and problem solving is a philosophy,management style,and organizational strategy that promotes __________ problem solving.

A) reactive
B) conditional
C) guided
D) selective
E) None of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Intelligence-led policing,a style of policing that combines crime analysis (where the "who,what,when,and where" of crime is analyzed),originated in _______________.

A) Germany
B) the United States
C) Great Britain
D) Russia
E) None of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Policies should be ____________,then modified according to the changing times and circumstances of the department and community.

A) utilized as a basic suggestion
B) stated as basic guidelines
C) committed to writing
D) committed to memory
E) Both B and C

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Policies are:

A) specific managerial guidelines that leave little or no latitude for individual discretion.
B) are general suggestions open to interpretation.
C) specific guidelines that serve to direct employee actions.
D) written guidelines that are general in nature.
E) None of the above.

Question 5

Some observers have perceived a shift from community policing to homeland security due to all of the following reasons except:

A) local police being increasingly co-opted by federal law enforcement agencies.
B) local police being directed toward protecting the nation's borders.
C) decentralization of local police.
D) loss of local political control.
E) None of the above

Question 6

If the police were totally successful in their patrol and crime prevention efforts,according to the textbook the ____________ division would be unnecessary.

A) administrative
B) record
C) traffic
D) investigative
E) None of the above

Question 7

The patrol function is often called the ____________of policing and is the primary line element.

A) non-essential element
B) departmental optional division
C) sole function
D) backbone
E) None of the above

Question 8

Critics of the military style of policing do not support the model's tradition because of the following:

A) It is autocratic.
B) The use of strict discipline
C) Respect for chain of command
D) "Elite warrior" self-image is a positive.
E) None of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is a law enforcement organizational spatial differentiation structure?

A) Centralization
B) Administrative intensity
C) Formalization
D) Vertical differentiation
E) None of the above

Question 10

The S.A.R.A.process provides officers with a logical,step-by-step framework in which to do all of the following except:

A) Identify.
B) Analyze.
C) Dismiss.
D) Evaluate.
E) None of the above

Question 11

One of the major changes in policing that has occurred since September 11,2001 is:

A) a shift in emphasis back to the professional era of policing.
B) a shift in emphasis from quasi-military to non-military style policing.
C) a shift in emphasis from community policing to citizens on patrol.
D) a shift in emphasis from community policing to homeland security.
E) None of the above

Question 12

Rules and regulations are:

A) specific managerial guidelines that leave little or no latitude for individual discretion.
B) general suggestions open to interpretation.
C) specific guidelines that serve to direct employee actions.
D) written guidelines that are general in nature.
E) None of the above

Question 13

Recent Smart Policing Initiatives since the late 2000s have included the following measures:

A) distinct problem-oriented policing approaches.
B) local police being directed to return to school for college credits.
C) centralization of police departments for ease of command.
D) local political control.
E) None of the above

Question 14

The quasi-military style of policing is characterized by the following:

A) wearing uniforms.
B) the use of rank designations.
C) the practice of carrying less lethal weapons.
D) the absence of a hierarchical command structure.
E) Both A and B.

Question 15

Which of the following is a law enforcement organizational element that is not spatial differentiation structure?

A) Vertical differentiation
B) Administrative intensity
C) Formalization
D) Centralization
E) None of the above

Question 16

According to the author Jim Collins,who wrote the book entitled Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap and Others Don't,Level 5 leaders possess the highest level of executive capabilities in that their ambition is directed first and foremost to ___________.

A) personal renown
B) personal growth
C) organizational success
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 17

Several unanticipated consequences of the CALEA accreditation process have emerged,one of these being:

A) The accreditation self-assessment process does not provide many opportunities to institutionalize community policing.
B) Some departments report decreased insurance costs as a result of accreditation.
C) Increased costs of insurance cost as a result of accreditation.
D) A number of states have failed to formed coalitions to assist police agencies in the process of accreditation.
E) None of the above

Question 18

Procedures are:

A) specific managerial guidelines that leave little or no latitude for individual discretion.
B) are general suggestions open to interpretation.
C) sspecific guidelines that serve to direct employee actions.
D) written guidelines that are general in nature.
E) None of the above.

Question 19

Proponents of the military style of policing uphold the model's tradition because of the following:

A) It is autocratic.
B) The use of strict discipline
C) It is intellectually and creatively constraining.
D) It is secretive.
E) Both A and B

Question 20

The advantages to specialization in large police departments include all the following except:

A) development of expertise.
B) placement of responsibility.
C) cross-training.
D) group esprit de corps.
E) All of the above are advantages.

Question 21

The role of chief executives,middle managers,and first-line supervisors in police departments is to ensure that these units work independently to reach a common goal.

Question 22

Intelligence analysts keep track of all but which of the following?

A) Where hot spots are located
B) Where criminals live
C) Who criminals associate with
D) Who criminals are

Question 23

Policies are more specific than procedures in that they serve as specific guides to the organization's philosophy and mission and help in interpreting their elements to the officers.

Question 24

The Community-Oriented Policing and Problem Solving model (COPPS)advocates believe that the quasi-military model is basically compatible with this philosophy and recommend its continued use.

Question 25

The police role is much too ambiguous to become totally standardized,but it is also much too serious and important to be left completely to the discretion of the patrol officer.

Question 26

Proponents of the quasi-military style of policing support this model with its imposition of control and commanding authority with strict discipline.

Question 27

Relatively new policing practices such as intelligence-led and smart policing have been discovered to have little in common with problem-solving policing models.

Question 28

Intelligence-led policing operates under the assumption that a relatively _________ number of people are responsible for a comparatively ________ percentage of crimes.

A) large; small
B) large; large
C) small; large
D) small; small

Question 29

After the events of September 11,2001,major changes have occurred in two broad areas,the first being a shift in emphasis from professional era policing to community policing and more security.

Question 30

_____________ is a relatively new law enforcement concept that attempts to improve the quality of policing and provide a better way to attempt to combat crime.

A) Intelligence-led policing
B) Predictive policing
C) The fusion center
D) All of the above

Question 31

Relatively new policing practices such as intelligence-led and smart policing have been found to have little in common with problem-solving policing models.

Question 32

The S.A.R.A.process replaces officers' short-term,reactive responses with a process vested in longer-term outcomes.

Question 33

According to the California Department of Justice,community-oriented policing and problem solving is a philosophy,management style,and organizational strategy that promotes reactive problem solving and police-community partnerships.

Question 34

Which is not one of the six steps in the intelligence-gathering process as categorized by the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan (NCISP)?

A) Collection
B) Dissemination
C) Reevaluation
D) Production

Question 35

Administrative intensity organizations refer to those that are typically more bureaucratic in structure.

Question 36

The most important difference between crime-analysis software and the individual police officer is that the software:

A) does not get sick.
B) does not take vacation.
C) does not make mistakes.
D) cannot transfer to a different precinct.

Question 37

When Plato observed that "Each thing becomes ...easier when one man,exempt from other tasks,does one thing",he was also describing the concept of division of labor.

Question 38

Specialization in an organization such as a police department creates an increased need for coordination because it adds to the hierarchy,which can lead to narrowly defined jobs that can enhance the creativity and energy of those who hold them.

Question 39

One of the specific elements of law enforcement organizational structure,according a study done on the organization of police departments,described the concept of centralization as a type of structural differentiation.

Question 40

As the police organization becomes larger,the need for people to cooperate to achieve the organizational goals becomes optional.

Question 41

Intelligence-led policing originated in the United States,where police believed that a relatively small number of people were responsible for a comparatively large percentage of crimes.

Question 42

Closely related to the perceived trend of federalization is what many see as the concurrent
______________ of the local police; they cite as evidence the use of military-style weapons,tactics,training,uniforms,and even heavy equipment by civilian police departments.

Question 43

Police administrators modify or design the structure of their organization to fulfill their ____________.

Question 44

Smart policing,which emphasizes the use of data and analytics as well as improved crime analysis,was developed against the backdrop of fiscal prosperity in the early 2000s when cities and counties had plentiful revenues to finance new crime-fighting programs.

Question 45

______________ produces different groups of functional responsibilities,and the jobs allocated to meet these different responsibilities.

Question 46

As the organization becomes___________,the need for people to cooperate to achieve the organizational goals increases.

Question 47

___________ ___________is the extent to which an organization is spread geographically.

Question 48

CALEA is a non-profit organization that has developed and administers 459 mandatory standards for law enforcement agencies to meet in order to earn accreditation.

Question 49

Two principal and interrelated components emerge from the COPPS model: community ________________and________ _________.With its focus on collaborative problem solving,COPPS seeks to improve the quality of policing.

Question 50

Specific guidelines that serve to direct employee actions,such as how to prepare investigations and conduct patrol,are known as ___________________.

Question 51

According to the textbook,the accreditation self-assessment process provides many opportunities to institutionalize community policing.

Question 52

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001 some believe those changes brought a shift in emphasis from community policing to _________ _____________.

Question 53

One of the advantages to specialization in large police departments is that possessing a high degree of proficiency in performing job tasks often results in increased ___________ and _______________.

Question 54

The acronym S.A.R.A.stands for Scanning,Analysis,Response,and _____________.

Question 55

Jim Collins wrote Good to Great and the Social Sectors,in which he described the Level 5 leader as has having the highest level of executive capabilities.

Question 56

According to the author Jim Collins,the Level 1 leader possesses the greatest executive capabilities because this leader's ambition is directed first and foremost to the organization and its success.

Question 57

The model of policing that involves wearing uniforms,using rank designations,adopting a hierarchical command structure,and acquiring legal authority is best referred to as the _____ _________ model.

Question 58

With today's emphasis on COPPS,many COPPS advocates believe that the quasi-military model is _________________with this philosophy.

Question 59

___________ and ______________ are specific managerial guidelines that leave little or no latitude for individual discretion; they require action (or,in some cases,inaction).

Question 60

_____________ ___________ refers to the proportion of organizational resources committed to administration.

Question 61

The quasi-military model of police organizations is thought by some to be incompatible with the more recent COPPS models.Are there any ways the traditional quasi-military model can be reconciled with modern COPPS models? If not,why? If so,in what ways?

Question 62

Describe the basic steps and processes a law enforcement agency must complete in order to earn CALEA certification.What are some of the benefits of CALEA accreditation?

Question 63

The perceived centralization and loss of local political control,along with the municipal and county police becoming the eyes and ears of federal enforcement agencies,is referred to as _______________.

Question 64

Describe the characteristics of the quasi-military model and explain why this model is thought to be incompatible with the philosophy of community-oriented policing models.

Question 65

Is the perception of local police departments becoming more federalized and militarized a fair assessment due to the recent demands of homeland security measures on the police? Explain your answer.