Deck 11: Corrections Personnel Roles and Functions

Question 1

Which of the following is not one of Souryal's recommended anticorruption measures?

A) Upgrade the quality of correctional personnel
B) Establish quality-based supervisory techniques
C) Loosen fiscal controls
D) Emphasize true ethical training

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The Preamble of the American Correctional Association Code of Ethics states that members should have all but which of the following?

A) Unfailing honesty
B) Superb training in investigation, in order to detect breaches of ethics
C) Respect for the dignity and individuality of human beings
D) Commitment to professionalism and compassionate service

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The loner correctional officer is one who:

A) usually is female.
B) usually is black.
C) wants to prove himself or herself.
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

To address and prevent corruption among corrections personnel,administrators must strive to:

A) upgrade the quality of correctional personnel.
B) establish supervisory techniques that emphasize quality (how well tasks are performed) over quantity (how many tasks are accomplished).
C) terminate all staff at the first sign of impropriety.
D) upgrade the quality of correctional personnel and establish supervisory techniques that emphasize quality (how well tasks are performed) over quantity (how many tasks are accomplished).

Question 5

According to Farkas,"rule enforcers" are the most common type of correctional officer.They are characterized as:

A) rule-bound.
B) less than 25 years old.
C) having a baccalaureate degree.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 6

Synthetic correctional officers are:

A) typically older.
B) policy enforcers.
C) aggressive towards inmates.
D) desirous of becoming wardens.

Question 7

According to Worley,offenders identified as developing inappropriate relationships with staff members are called:

A) marks.
B) turners.
C) floppers.
D) traitors.

Question 8

Prison and jail corruption differs from other forms of public corruption because of all of the following except:

A) uniqueness of the environment
B) opportunities
C) lack of vicarious liability
D) patterns of relationships
E) function

Question 9

A professional staff member in a prison would be all but which of the following?

A) Psychiatrists
B) Nurse
C) Receptionist
D) Accountants

Question 10

The hard-liner correctional officer has all but which of the following characteristics?

A) Being hard
B) Being aggressive
C) Being power-hungry
D) Being flexible

Question 11

Which of the following would be a duty of the sheriff as the jail manager?

A) Creating and maintaining a competent workforce
B) Staying informed about the day-to-day operations of the jail
C) Motivating the administrator and other staff to align their personal goals with those of the jail
D) Helping to define the jail's mission and the goals that must be met to achieve the mission

Question 12

In about what year did the focus of prison studies change from administrator to prison inmates?

A) 1925
B) 1960
C) 1954
D) 1940

Question 13

According to a federal report,jail administrators must function as:

A) the jail's leader.
B) the manager of its operations and resources.
C) the supervisor.
D) All of the above

Question 14

A key element of good prison leadership is:

A) authority.
B) the inmates.
C) training.
D) professional staff members.

Question 15

Which of the following penal researchers found that "prison management matters"?

A) DiIulio
B) Churchill
C) Eddy
D) Brace

Question 16

Which of the following is true concerning jail employment?

A) Most of the employees took the job as a last resort.
B) Over half of jail staff described themselves as committed to the agency where they work.
C) Most staff rates their jail as an unsatisfactory place to work.
D) Only one in ten staff members felt appreciated by their supervisor.

Question 17

Who did Gordon Hawkins say were "the other prisoners"?

A) Middle managers
B) Correctional officers
C) Wardens
D) Kitchen staff

Question 18

Which of the following is considered a "serious" infraction by a correctional officer (CO)or inmate?

A) Giving candy to an inmate
B) Inmates giving a CO a soda
C) A love affair between an inmate and CO
D) A CO allowing an inmate to remain in-cell

Question 19

Per Worley,which of the following label of inmate develops inappropriate relationships with staff by using a unique kind of psychological warfare?

A) Lover
B) User
C) Hell-raiser
D) Loser

Question 20

As a jail leader,the sheriff:

A) helps define the jail's mission and the goals to be met to achieve that mission.
B) manages and allocates budgets, staff, and other resources.
C) takes the lead whenever a jail cell eviction team goes into a cell to remove an inmate.
D) leads by example, such as being first to check all incoming goods for contraband.

Question 21

Most prison wardens are male,30 years of age,and African American.

Question 22

DiIulio concluded that:

A) "when all is said and done, good prison leadership is a contradiction in terms."
B) the quality of prison life depends mainly on the quality of prison management.
C) prisons rarely justify their worth in terms of human and financial capital.
D) "the best prisons are invariably those that are operated by local police agencies."

Question 23

The most difficult position to hold in all of corrections is probably that of:

A) corrections officer.
B) warden.
C) director of state penal system.
D) parole officer.

Question 24

Worley states that ______________ are the type of offenders who seek to form an emotional bond with staff members.

A) heartbreakers
B) tormenters
C) exploiters
D) hell-raisers

Question 25

In an attempt to achieve racial balance,half of all maximum security wardens now have a policy:

A) on racially integrating male inmates within prison cells.
B) concerning racially segregating entire cell blocks.
C) on racially segregating prison cafeterias.
D) concerning racially integrating prison yards.

Question 26

Which of the following is one of DiIulio's principles of good prison leadership?

A) Leaders following the "management by walking around" principle.
B) Leaders remaining in office long enough to modify the internal operations and external relations.
C) Issuing at least one disciplinary slip per officer per year.
D) Leaders following the "management by walking around" principle and remaining in office long enough to modify the internal operations and external relations.

Question 27

Over half of all wardens were once correctional officers.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a duty of parole and probation officers?

A) Visiting offenders' workplaces
B) Visiting offenders' homes
C) Informing offenders that he or she is recommending revocation of probation/parole
D) Informing offenders that the officer is carrying a weapon

Question 29

DiIulio wrote that the quality of prison life depends mainly on the:

A) quality of its food.
B) warden's education and training.
C) average age of inmates.
D) quality of prison management.

Question 30

Which of the following is not recognized as being one of the best pieces of advice received by participants in the NIC Executive Training Program for New Wardens?

A) Be fair and consistent with inmates and staff.
B) Do not let it go to your head.
C) Have faith in yourself.
D) Do not worry about your every statement being scrutinized.

Question 31

Which of the following is not? one of DiIulio's principles of good prison leadership?

A) Professional staff members think of themselves as correctional officers first.
B) Leaders making close alliances with politicians, judges, journalists.
C) Good wardens and deputy directors prevail in at least 75% of lawsuits against them.
D) Innovations are rare, but far-reaching.

Question 32

According to Hardyman,the least common management style used by probation administrators is:

A) laissez faire.
B) democratic.
C) authoritarian.
D) socialistic.

Question 33

One of the major responsibilities of prison administrators is to carry out the death penalty.All of the following are activities associated with these duties,except:

A) overseeing the execution team that is with the prisoner at all times.
B) reading the court order or death warrant.
C) preparing the final paperwork.
D) None of the above
E) All of the above

Question 34

Farkas categorized correctional officers into 20 types,based on their orientation toward rule enforcement and orientation toward inmates.

Question 35

A national survey of jail administrators and staff revealed all but which of the following approaches to strengthen the jail as a workplace?

A) Providing opportunities for growth and development
B) Integrating employees through participatory management practices
C) Developing consistent, one-way communication up and down the chain of command
D) Establishing quality, responsive supervision

Question 36

The quality of prison life is very dependent on prison management.

Question 37

In ___________________,the Court abolished the death penalty for convicted murderers who were less than 18 at the time the offense was committed.

A) Rogers v. Smith
B) Roper v. Simmons
C) Atkins v. Virginia
D) Allen v. Maryland
E) None of the above

Question 38

According to Hardyman,the most common management style used by probation administrators is:

A) laissez faire.
B) democratic.
C) authoritarian.
D) socialistic.

Question 39

Correctional officers are allowed to hold formal counseling sessions with inmates.

Question 40

A _________ policy is one in which sheriff's offices require that recruits first work in the jail before they can become eligible for patrol duties.

A) "work up"
B) "bars before cars"
C) "jail first"
D) "turntable"

Question 41

Rule enforcer type correctional officers will not negotiate with inmates.

Question 42

A recent survey revealed that jails as workplaces are even more grim than they are portrayed.

Question 43

Jail administrators need to focus on increasing the job involvement,satisfaction,and organizational commitment of their employees.

Question 44

Prison and jail personnel must control a reluctant,resistant,and sometimes hostile inmate population whose welfare may seem better served by corruption than by compliance with rules.

Question 45

Females are more likely to be "loner" correctional officers.

Question 46

Hardyman found that few probation administrators operate with the democratic style of management.

Question 47

Jail workers have always been praised for being trained and dedicated to their jobs as correctional professionals.

Question 48

"People worker" type correctional officers work only in protective custody.

Question 49

Middle managers,on the front lines of prison management,are also in challenging and important positions such as organizing their departments,

Question 50

"Jail first" policies can and often do result in considerable success in recruiting and keeping people interested in their jobs.

Question 51

Age and seniority are associated with Farkas' correctional officer types,with older COs tending to be more hard-line.

Question 52

"Loner" type correctional officers are similar to rule enforcer correctional officers.

Question 53

With regard to corrections corruption,because of the environment,a culture of manipulation,violence,and barbarism may ensue.

Question 54

Hardyman's study of probation administration focused on its management style.

Question 55

Correctional leaders should support and increase training to ensure a work environment that is conductive to an ethical work culture.

Question 56

It has been suggested that jail administrators provide job experiences for employees that broaden their knowledge,listen to their creative ideas,and gain their commitment.

Question 57

Prison and jail corruption differ from other forms of public corruption because of the uniqueness of the environment,function,opportunities,and patterns of relationships of correctional institutions.

Question 58

Corruption among corrections personnel can involve acts of commission (taking bribes,engaging in theft)as well as omission (e.g.,selectively ignoring inmate misconduct,illness).

Question 59

The younger generation of jail employees is more positively influenced by not having input into decisions that affect them,nor maintaining control over how they complete their assignments.

Question 60

It is common for many jail employees to work in detention for several years before they can transfer into patrol work.

Question 61

Regarding the goals of imprisonment,male wardens ranked their four preferred goals as follows: incapacitation,deterrence,rehabilitation,and _______________.

Question 62

Hardyman's study of probation administrators found the most common management style used by probation administrators was surprisingly _________________.

Question 63

A type of correctional officer,the "_________ ________," are actually an extreme version of the rule enforcers and are also more likely to be________.

Question 64

Prison supervisors have one of the most demanding positions in correctional institutions.They must direct work activities,assign tasks,provide employee feedback,and serve as ___________ _________ for the staff reporting to them.

Question 65

Jails represent the ___________ _______ ___________into the criminal justice system.

Question 66

A greater proportion of _________wardens (89.9%)than _________wardens (83.3%)strongly or very strongly agreed that rehabilitation programs had an important place in their institutions.

Question 67

____________ _________ supervise convicted offenders whom the courts have allowed to remain at liberty in the community.

Question 68

Half of all wardens in maximum-security prisons now have a policy on racially integrating male inmates within prison cells to try to achieve racial ___________.

Question 69

______________ is still the number one problem of jails.

Question 70

Most acts of prison corruption involve the illegal acquisition of ___________.

Question 71

Worley et al.,found three types of "__________," offenders identified as developing inappropriate relationships with staff members.

Question 72

Leaders of successful institutions follow the "management ___________________" principle.These managers are not strangers to the cellblocks.

Question 73

_________________ types of probation administrators created emotional and physical distance between the officers and themselves.

Question 74

One recent study of 500 officers in a Southern prison system found that,while race,marital status,and education did not appear to significantly affect COs' job stress or satisfaction,their __________ and _______________did.

Question 75

Prisons that are managed in a tight,authoritarian fashion are plagued with ___________ and ____________ programs; those that are managed in a loose,participative fashion are equally _____________.

Question 76

Correctional officers (COs)are generally responsible for the________,_________,_________,and _____________of inmates.

Question 77

To counter the acts of corruption of correctional officers,there are three types of approaches that administrators can take in terms of one's career phase: __________,_________,and ______________.

Question 78

In specific,a study of nearly 900 probation and parole officers found that they tend to characterize their work environments as having high levels of_________ ____________.

Question 79

Jail workers have been criticized for being _________ and ___________,although most are highly effective and dedicated.

Question 80

To minimize the possibility of error,executions are carried out by highly trained _____________.