Deck 18: Urinary System

Question 1

The nephron loop

A) is part of the renal corpuscle
B) is part of the renal tubules
C) has a hairpin turn in its structure
D) both b and c above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The medulla of the kidney is

A) the inner part of the kidney
B) the narrow innermost end of the pyramids
C) the outer part of the kidney
D) a division of the renal pelvis

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The dissolved substances and fluid that move from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule are called

A) reabsorbed substances
B) glomerular filtrate
C) secreted substances
D) none of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and increases the permeability of the collecting tube to water?

A) ANH
B) Aldosterone
C) ADH
D) Insulin

Question 5

The process by which substances move from the tubules of the nephron to the peritubular capillaries is called

A) reabsorption
B) glomerular filtrate
C) secretion
D) none of the above

Question 6

The kidneys

A) lie medial to the backbone
B) are retroperitoneal
C) are in the peritoneum
D) both a and b above

Question 7

The kidneys

A) receive 10% of the blood pumped from the heart
B) help maintain proper blood pH
C) receive 5% of the blood pumped from the heart
D) both a and b above

Question 8

The amount of glomerular filtrate produced in 1 day is approximately

A) 180 liters
B) 18 liters
C) 8 liters
D) 1.8 liters

Question 9

The movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the blood capillaries is called

A) reabsorption
B) glomerular filtrate
C) secretion
D) none of the above

Question 10

The pelvis of the kidney is

A) the inner part of the kidney
B) the triangular divisions of the medulla
C) an expansion of the upper end of the ureter
D) the outer part of the kidney

Question 11

The cortex of the kidney is the

A) inner part of the kidney
B) narrow innermost end of the pyramids
C) outer part of the kidney
D) triangular division of the medulla

Question 12

Kidneys help regulate the concentration of which substance in the blood?

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Bicarbonate
D) All of the above

Question 13

The glomerulus is

A) part of the renal tubules
B) a network of blood capillaries
C) the cup-shaped top part of the nephron
D) both a and b above

Question 14

The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus help regulate

A) ammonia levels
B) acid-base balance
C) blood pressure
D) all of the above

Question 15

The pyramids of the kidney are

A) the inner part of the kidney
B) the triangular divisions of the medulla
C) the outer part of the kidney
D) an expansion of the upper end of the ureter

Question 16

The nephron is composed of the

A) renal corpuscle
B) renal capsule
C) renal tubules
D) both a and c above

Question 17

Bowman capsule is

A) part of the renal tubules
B) a network of blood capillaries
C) the cup-shaped top part of the nephron
D) both a and c above

Question 18

The distal convoluted tubules are

A) the part of the nephron between the nephron loop and the collecting tube
B) part of the renal corpuscle
C) the cup-shaped top of the nephron
D) both b and c above

Question 19

The kidneys

A) are encased in a layer of fat
B) lie just above the waistline
C) lie directly across from each other
D) both a and b above

Question 20

Which part of the nephron can be found in the medulla of the kidney?

A) Bowman capsule
B) Glomerulus
C) Nephron loop
D) Distal convoluted tubule

Question 21

Which of the following do not help protect the kidney?

A) The rib cage
B) A fat pad
C) The hip bone
D) Muscles of the back

Question 22

The kidneys do not play a vital role in regulating

A) blood glucose level
B) pH balance
C) water balance
D) electrolyte balance

Question 23

The urinary meatus is part of the

A) urethra
B) urinary bladder
C) ureter
D) nephron

Question 24

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands and increases the absorption of salt?

A) ANH
B) Aldosterone
C) ADH
D) Insulin

Question 25

Nitrogenous waste in the blood is the result of

A) fat catabolism
B) protein catabolism
C) carbohydrate catabolism
D) nucleic acid catabolism

Question 26

The trigone is found in the

A) urethra
B) urinary bladder
C) ureter
D) nephron

Question 27

Which condition occurs when a person urinates involuntarily?

A) Retention
B) Suppression
C) Incontinence
D) Polyuria

Question 28

Emptying of the bladder is called

A) voiding
B) urinating
C) micturition
D) all of the above

Question 29

The production of an unusually large amount of urine is called

A) anuria
B) polyuria
C) oliguria
D) glycosuria

Question 30

Which part of urinating is under voluntary control?

A) Contraction of the bladder muscles
B) Relaxation of the internal sphincter
C) Relaxation of the external sphincter
D) Both b and c above

Question 31

The renal pelvis drains into the

A) urethra
B) urinary bladder
C) ureter
D) nephron

Question 32

Which condition occurs when urine is produced but cannot be removed from the bladder?

A) Retention
B) Suppression
C) Incontinence
D) Polyuria

Question 33

Until it leaves the body,urine is held by the

A) urethra
B) urinary bladder
C) ureter
D) nephron

Question 34

Which hormone is secreted by the heart and is the salt- and water-losing hormone?

A) ANH
B) aldosterone
C) ADH
D) Insulin

Question 35

What condition occurs when the bladder is able to empty itself but no urine is being produced by the kidneys?

A) Retention
B) Suppression
C) Incontinence
D) Polyuria

Question 36

Urine leaves the body through the

A) urethra
B) urinary bladder
C) ureter
D) nephron

Question 37

Most of the water in the nephron is reabsorbed by the

A) nephron loop
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) collecting tube

Question 38

The emptying reflex causes the

A) contracting of the muscles of the bladder
B) relaxation of the internal sphincter
C) relaxation of the external sphincter
D) both a and b above

Question 39

A nitrogen-containing waste product excreted by the kidney is

A) amino acid
B) ammonia
C) urea
D) both b and c above

Question 40

Peristalsis like movement helps move urine through the

A) urethra
B) urinary bladder
C) ureter
D) nephron

Question 41

Which of the following structures is not part of the renal corpuscle?

A) Nephron loop
B) Bowman capsule
C) Glomerulus
D) All of the above are part of the renal corpuscle

Question 42

Poorly functioning kidneys could lead to the development of uremia.

Question 43

Which of the following is not true of renin?

A) It helps lower blood pressure in the body.
B) It helps raise blood pressure in the body.
C) It is a hormone.
D) Neither b nor c is true of renin.

Question 44

This hormone increases the amount of water lost in the urine

A) ADH
B) ANH
C) aldosterone
D) none of the above increases the amount of water lost in urine

Question 45

The kidneys do not play a vital role in which of these functions?

A) Maintaining blood pressure
B) Stimulating red blood cell production
C) Acid-base balance
D) The kidney plays a vital role in all of the above functions

Question 46

Which of the following structures is not part of the renal tubules?

A) Nephron loop
B) Bowman capsule
C) Collecting tubule
D) Distal convoluted tubule

Question 47

Which important mineral cannot be reabsorbed by the kidney?

A) Sodium
B) Chloride
C) Potassium
D) All of the above can be reabsorbed by the kidney

Question 48

The narrow,innermost end of a renal pyramid is called

A) a renal papilla
B) a renal calyx
C) a renal pelvis
D) a renal medulla

Question 49

Substances to be reabsorbed must pass through how many barriers to get to the blood?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 50

The following is not a method used for reabsorption

A) phagocytosis
B) passive transport
C) active transport
D) all of the above are methods of reabsorption

Question 51

The normal adult urine output is about

A) 500 mL/day
B) 1000 mL/day
C) 1500 mL/day
D) 2000 mL/day

Question 52

Which of the following is not true of ureters?

A) They are about 25 inches long.
B) They are about a quarter of an inch wide.
C) They use peristalsis to help move urine to the bladder.
D) All of the above are true of ureters.

Question 53

Glucose is reabsorbed coupled with this substance

A) chloride
B) sodium
C) water
D) potassium

Question 54

Glycosuria

A) is a sign of diabetes mellitus
B) refers to glucose in the urine
C) occurs because the amount of glucose in the filtrate is more than the nephron can reabsorb
D) all of the above

Question 55

The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity within the parietal peritoneum.

Question 56

The kidneys lie medial to the backbone and just above the waistline.

Question 57

The physical,chemical,and microscopic examination of urine is called

A) urinary retention
B) urinary suppression
C) urinalysis
D) countercurrent mechanism

Question 58

Which of the following is not true of ADH?

A) It increases the amount of urine produced.
B) It is released from the pituitary gland.
C) It increases the collecting tube's permeability to water.
D) All of the above are true of ADH.

Question 59

The proximal convoluted tubule connects

A) the glomerulus and Bowman capsule
B) Bowman capsule and nephron loop
C) nephron loop and the collecting tubule
D) nephron loop and Bowman capsule

Question 60

In most people,the left kidney is slightly higher than the right kidney.

Question 61

The distal and proximal convoluted tubules are named for their proximity to Bowman capsule.

Question 62

The distal convoluted tubule connects with the collecting tubule.

Question 63

The cortex is the inner part of the kidney.

Question 64

Calyces are part of the renal pyramids.

Question 65

The glomerulus is actually part of the circulatory system rather than the urinary system.

Question 66

The pyramids are expansions of the upper end of the ureters.

Question 67

Even though the glomerulus is a network of blood capillaries,it is considered part of the renal corpuscle.

Question 68

The calyces are part of the renal pelvis.

Question 69

The medulla is the inner part of the kidney.

Question 70

The distal convoluted tubule is an extension of the descending nephron loop.

Question 71

The pyramids are the triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney.

Question 72

Because of their location,the kidneys are considered retroperitoneal.

Question 73

The nephron can be divided into two parts,the renal tubules and the renal capsule.

Question 74

The papillae are a division of the renal pelvis.

Question 75

About 20% of the blood pumped by the heart enters the kidneys.

Question 76

The pelvis is the triangular division of the medulla of the kidney.

Question 77

The proximal convoluted tubule is the renal tubule nearest Bowman capsule.

Question 78

The Bowman capsule is the cup-shaped top of the nephron.

Question 79

The pelvis is an expansion of the upper end of the ureter.

Question 80

The nephron loop is located between Bowman capsule and the proximal convoluted tubule.